APOSTILA CESPE (2010 - 2019) TEXTOS RECOMENDADOS
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INGLÊS
UNB 2010 – 2019
PROF. GOOFY
DESCOMPLICANDO O INGLÊS Textos recomendados das Provas de inglês dA
COM GLOSSÁRIO E DESTAQUE DOS TERMOS MAIS RELEVANTES
TERMOS EM NEGRITO: RAROS OU ESPECÍFICOS (POUCO IMPORTANTE) TERMOS SUBLINHADOS: RELEVANTES E FREQUENTES (MUITO IMPORTANTE)
Prof. goofy 1
@profgoofy
UNB 2010 – 2019
INGLÊS UnB 1º/2010 - INGLÊS TEXT III
Bus systems provide a versatile form of public transportation with the flexibility to serve a variety of access needs and unlimited range of locations throughout a metropolitan area. Buses also travel on urban roadways, so infrastructure investments can be substantially lower than the capital costs required for rail systems. As a result, bus service can be implemented cost-effectively on many routes. Yet, despite the inherent advantages of a bus service, conventional urban buses inching their way through congested streets don’t win much political support. The essence of a Bus Rapid Transit is to improve bus operating speed and reliability on arterial streets by reducing or eliminating the various types of delay. The bus system of Curitiba, Brazil, exemplifies a model Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, and plays a large part in making this a livable city. The buses run frequently — some as often as every 90 seconds — and reliably, and the stations are convenient, well-designed, comfortable, and attractive. Consequently, Curitiba has one of the most frequently used, yet low-cost, transit systems in the world. It offers many of the features of a subway system — vehicle movements unimpeded by traffic lights and congestion, fare collection prior to boarding, quick passenger loading and unloading — but it is above ground and visible. Around 70 percent of Curitiba’s commuters use BRT to travel to work, resulting in congestion-free streets and pollution free air for the 2.2 million inhabitants of greater Curitiba. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY rail - trilho, trem inching - avançando lentamente fare -tarifa commuters - usuários habituais de transporte público
According to what is stated in the text, it can be deduced that 21) buses must be used in urban areas for public transportation. 22) capital costs required for rail systems are much higher than infrastructure investments in bus systems. 23) a bus service can be effectively implemented on many routes, in terms of cost. 24) buses tend to move very slowly or in a lot of short stages, which favours congested streets. 25) Bus Rapid Transit succeeded in improving bus speed and reliability by taking away the several causes of delay, once and for all. 26) BRT in Curitiba can be taken as an instance of a workable solution to the cities’ traffic problems.
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27) thanks to Curitiba’s BRT, the city became a worth living place. 28) the buses in Curitiba pick up passengers every 90 seconds. 29) nowhere in the world can it be found such a transit system as good as that of Curitiba. 30) BRT systems can be compared to that of an underground railway.
UnB 2º/2010 - INGLÊS TEXT I Viva muchos años! is the ordinary greeting in Spain, and it is usual throughout the whole world to wish people a long life. It is not knowledge of what life is that explains the origin of such a wish, but rather knowledge of what man is in his real nature: namely, the will to live. Each culture’s word view includes beliefs about the meaning and purpose of life and what happens after death. Although the final outcome of death is the same for all humans, cultures vary in how they conceptualize death and what happens when a person dies. In some cultures, death is conceived to involve different conditions, including sleep, illness, and reaching a certain age. As an example, the Truskese of Micronesia believe that life ends at 40 years of age, and when you reach 40, you are, in effect, dead. In other cultures, death is said to occur only when there is a total cessation of life. In a similar manner, certain cultural traditions view death as a transition to other forms of existence; others propose a continuous interaction between the dead and the living; some cultures conceive a circular pattern of multiple deaths and rebirths; and yet others view death as the final end, with nothing occurring after death. These different conceptions have a noticeable influence on people’s lifestyles, their readiness to die for a cause, the degree to which they fear death, their expressions of grief and mourning, and the nature of funeral rituals. The difficulty of having a unitary view of death or the death experience can be better appreciated when we realize that it is problematic to even define what we mean by death. The first definition of death in Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary is that it is “the act of dying; the end of life; the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions of an animal or plant.” (1989, p.372). This appears straightforward enough, until we realize that it represents a largely Western conception of death. However, a relatively global conceptualization of death issues would have to incorporate the many cultural variations that exist in the world. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY readiness - prontidão grief/mourning -pesar/luto
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INGLÊS straightforward - claro, direto
According to the text above, judge the following items. 1)
2) 3) 4)
5) 6)
7)
For the majority of people in the world, death involves different conditions such as sleep, illness and age. The actual meaning and conceptualization of death differ widely across cultures. Irrespective of how death is defined in each culture, all of them understand it as a total cessation of life. The word “straightforward” in the fragment “This appears straightforward enough” (l.33) is synonymous with clear-cut. The knowledge of what man is in his real nature is what explains his desire to live. Cultural variations in conceptions of death have profound implications for how people act in life, how they approach death and dying, whether or not they fear death, and for their funeral and bereavement practices. As the world is increasingly shrinking due to the complex interaction among people from cultures across the world, differences involving conceptions about death are becoming less significant.
common people, it demoralizes them and blunts in them all sensibility. Victor Hugo. Le dernier jour d’un condamné, Paris, Eugène Renduel, 1832. pp XXII e XXIII (adapted).
GLOSSARY suffice - bastar, ser o suficiente jailer - carcereiro blunts - atenua avenge - vingar-se vengeance - vingança beneath – abaixo
According to the text above, judge the following items. 1) 2)
3)
4)
5)
UnB 1º/2011 - INGLÊS TEXT I
6)
AGAINST DEATH PENALTY Those who judge and condemn, say that capital punishment is necessary. Firstly, because it is necessary to remove from the social community a member who has already injured it, and might injure it even more. If that is all, a life sentence would suffice. What is the use of bringing death? You may argue that one might escape from jail — keep better watch, then! Let there be no executioner where the jailer suffices. One might also say society must avenge itself, society must punish. Neither one nor the other: vengeance is an individual act, and punishment belongs to God. Society is between the two; punishment is above it, vengeance is beneath it. Nothing so great or so small should be in its sphere. Society should not punish in order to avenge itself; it should correct, in order to improve! The third and last reason remains, the theory of examples. It is imperative to set examples. By the sight of the fate inflicted on criminals, we must shock those who might otherwise be tempted to imitate them! Well; above all, we deny the power of the example. We deny that the spectacle of torment produces the desired effect. Rather than edifying the
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7)
8) 9)
The author argues against the 3 main reasons given by supporters of the death penalty. According to the author, society has no right to condemn a criminal to death because punishment is within God’s sphere. The formula which best expresses the author’s position as to the function of human justice is correct, in order to improve (l.15). In “executioner” (l.8) and “jailer” (l.8), both words present the suffix “-er”, which also appears in teacher, and which conveys the idea of someone who performs such an activity or has such an occupation. The word “Those” in the first line of the first paragraph is used as an element of style. If it were to be deleted, accurate grammar would still be preserved. According to the author, the spectacle of public execution is the most efficient method of stopping potential criminals from committing crimes. The pronoun “It” in “It is imperative to set examples” (l.17) refers to the phrase “theory of examples” (l.1617). Historically, capital punishment has been unanimously held as legitimate and effective. The text presents the risk of inmates escaping from prison as a strong argument against the death penalty.
UnB 2º/2011 - INGLÊS TEXT I One of the main events in recent mankind history is the foundation of the United Nations Organization (UNO/UN). Among its outstanding missions is its commitment to avoid war between nations. United Nations peacekeeping is a unique and dynamic instrument developed by the Organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict and create the
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UNB 2010 – 2019
INGLÊS
conditions for lasting peace. The first UN peacekeeping mission was established in 1948, when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbours. Since then, there have been a total of 64 UN peacekeeping operations around the world. The term peacekeeping is not found in the United Nations Charter and defies simple definition. Dag Hammarskjöld, the second UN Secretary-General, referred to it as belonging to Chapter Six and a Half of the Charter, placing it between traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully, such as negotiation and mediation under Chapter VI, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII. Over the years, UN peacekeeping has evolved to meet the demands of different conflicts and a changing political landscape. The missions consisted of military observers and lightly armed troops with monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles in support of ceasefires and limited peace agreements. The Brazilian role in Haiti is a worth mentioning example of a peace-making mission. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY peacekeeping - pacificação torn - devastado, destruído deployment - envio defies - desafia ceasefires - cessar-fogo
Based on text, judge the items below. 1) Along the years, UNO missions focused on three actions. 2) Lasting peace cannot be endurable. 3) In 1948, the Security Council engaged troops to fight in the Middle East. 4) The UNO actions for promoting peace have been carried out everywhere all over the world. 5) It is not easy to define “peacekeeping”. 6) More recently a particular type of action has been added to agreed procedures adopted to settle down disagreements.
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UnB 1º/2012 - INGLÊS TEXT I
Johannes Vermeer. Girl with a pearl earring, 1665, oil on canvas, 44,5 cm × 39 cm, Mauritshuis, the Hague, the Netherlands.
Jan or Johannes Vermeer van Delft (1632–1675), a Dutch genre painter who lived and worked in Delft all his life, created some of the most exquisite paintings in Western art. His works are rare. Of the 35 or 36 paintings generally attributed to him, most portray figures in interiors. All his works are admired for the sensitivity with which he rendered effects of light and color and for the poetic quality of his images. He produced meticulously constructed interiors with just one or two figures — usually women. These are intimate genre paintings in which the principal figure is invariably engaged in some everyday activity. Often the light enters Vermeer’s paintings from a window. He was a master at depicting the way light illuminates objects. During the late 1650s, Vermeer began to place a new emphasis on depicting figures within carefully composed interior spaces. Other Dutch painters painted similar scenes, but they were less concerned with the articulation of the space than with the description of the figures and their actions. Little is known for certain about Vermeer’s life and career. Not much is known about Vermeer’s apprenticeship as an artist either. After his death, Vermeer was overlooked by all but the most discriminating collectors and art historians for more than 200 years. His few pictures were attributed to other artists. Only after 1866, when the French critic W. Thore-Burger ‘rediscovered’ him, did Vermeer’s works become widely known and his works heralded as genuine Vermeer. Internet: .
GLOSSARY rendered - criava, desenvolvia apprenticeship - aprendizagem overlooked - negligenciado heralded - proclamado, anunciado
Judge the items that follow according to the text above. 1)
It took around two centuries for Vermeer’s paintings to be attributed to him again.
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UNB 2010 – 2019
INGLÊS 2) 3)
Some of Vermeer’s paintings are considered strange. Even though there were just a few of them, Vermeer’s paintings proved to be very influential in the history of Dutch painting. 4) Whenever Vermeer’s paintings portray human figures, these individuals are shown performing ordinary tasks. 5) Vermeer got his inspiration from poems about women. 6) Vermeer paid meticulous attention to the scenery in his paintings. 7) Light did not play a significant role in Vermeer’s paintings. 8) Vermeer gave greater emphasis to interior spaces than other painters did. 9) Vermeer’s life and work history were widely documented. 10) Vermeer was neglected by most collectors and art historians after he died.
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dual importance in Montserrat: it has long been celebrated by the island's large Irish Catholic population, who first settled there in the 1630s to escape religious persecution, and it also marks the day, in 1798, that enslaved Africans launched a major uprising. Part IV – Crop Over Festival in Barbados (July) Why celebrate for a day or a weekend, when you can party for a whole month? That’s the attitude of Barbadians when it comes to Crop Over, the island’s largest and most anticipated festival, held from early July to early August. The celebration, which dates back to the late 1700s, originally marked the end of the allimportant sugarcane harvest, when Barbados was one of the world's largest producers of sugar. Today the heart of Crop Over is calypso music, which infuses the entire event with its rhythm and lyrics. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY quintessentially - tipicamente upbeat - animado ebullient - efervescente battered - prejudicado, danificado infuses - infunde, inspira lyrics - letra de música
UnB 2º/2012 - INGLÊS TEXT I CARIBBEAN FESTIVALS Part I – Fiesta de Santiago de Apóstol in Loiza Aldea, Puerto Rico (Late July) Nowhere is Puerto Rico’s rich West African heritage more pronounced — and celebrated — than in the coastal town of Loiza Aldea. Every July 25, the town hosts a celebration of its patron saint, Santiago, one of several Catholic saints believed to be incarnations of ancient African deities. The festival includes street parties, open-air plena and bomba concerts, and Carnival-like parades. Part II – Festival de Merengue in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (Late July) Few things are more quintessentially Dominican than “merengue”. You can hear its urgent upbeat rhythm just about anywhere you go, from supermarkets to public buses, from the capital to the countryside, and it seems Dominican children learn to dance to “merengue” almost as soon as they can walk. The annual Merengue Festival lasts less than a week and isn’t even the Dominican Republic’s largest music festival, but only Carnival makes for a bigger and more ebullient street party.
According to the text, it is true to infer that 1)
“merengue” and “calypso” are prevalent in the four celebrations described in the text. 2) “Fiesta de Santiago de Apóstol” is a mixture of African and Catholic celebrations. 3) Puerto Ricans believe that Santiago is the reincarnation of many African deities. 4) it is possible to hear “merengue” in the Dominican Republic only during the festival in Santo Domingo. 5) “upbeat”, in part II, means cheerful. 6) Carnival is second to no other celebration in the Dominican Republic. 7) St. Patrick’s Day in Montserrat has both a religious and a political meaning. 8) “Festival de Merengue” is the celebration that takes the longest of all the four described in the text. 9) “battered”, in part III, means damaged. 10) “Crop Over” was created as an event to lament the decline of Barbados as a large sugar exporter.
Part III – St. Patrick’s Day in Montserrat (Mid-March) The Irish aren't the only ones who know how to throw a St. Patrick's Day party. The tiny island of Montserrat, battered by hurricanes and half-buried in volcanic ash, celebrates March 17 as a national holiday with a terrific week-long festival. St. Patrick's Day has
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INGLÊS
UNB 2010 – 2019 wear and tear - desgaste por uso
UnB 1º/2013 - INGLÊS
Judge the items that follow according to the text above.
TEXT II
Visitors and Londoners will later this week have their first chance to join the big city bike rental revolution. Following in the path of Montreal, Paris, and Cardiff, London mayor Boris Johnson is to unveil the Barclays Cycle Hire scheme this Friday, and Londoners and visitors will have access to almost-free bike hire in 30-minute bursts. Over the past few weeks new docking stations have been appearing across central London in readiness for the 6,000 bikes that will be available for rent. The scheme is modelled on the Bixi project that has become a big success in the Canadian city of Montreal, and even uses similar bikes. Once you’ve paid a £1 a day access charge, the first half an hour’s rental is free, and you can make as many 30-minute trips in the day as you like without paying a penny more. From this Friday, and for the first month, it will only be open to those who become members by registering online and agreeing to pay £3 for a smartcard. After that period the scheme will be opened to everyone. Once fully up and running, spontaneous users will be able to go to one of the capital’s 400 docking stations, enter their credit or debit card details, select a bike and ride off. When they have finished that journey, they deposit the bike at the nearest docking station. You can repeat this as many times as you like during the day – or in the period for which you have paid to access the bikes. Transport for London, which is behind the scheme, says it is aimed at those in the capital who need to make short, repeated journeys, rather than longer rentals. Potential users need to be aware that if they return their bike after their access time has expired, they face a punitive £150 late return charge. If the bike goes missing, or is damaged by the hirer – or vandals – the hirer will have to pay up to £300 to cover the loss. Punctures are considered wear and tear. Internet: .
GLOSSARY unveil - revelar bursts - disparos, curtos períodos readiness - prontidão penny - 1 centavo punctures - furo
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10) Users have to pay for damage to the bike even if they have not caused it themselves. 11) The expression “wear and tear” (l.34) means unacceptable. 12) London’s bike rental program is better than Montreal’s. 13) The first 30 minutes of bike rental on a day are free. Then users have to pay a little more for each time they rent a bike again. 14) Those who plan to rent bikes for a whole month should pay £3 15) Users will pay for the rent of the bike at the moment they will use it. 16) If users return a damaged bike after their access time has expired, they will pay at least £450. 17) Users do not have to leave the bike at the same station from which they rented it. 18) In the third paragraph, in the phrase “says it is aimed at those” (l.28), the pronoun “it” refers to “Transport for London” (l.27).
UnB 2º/2013 - INGLÊS TEXT I SAM RAIMI RE-BUILDS OZ FOR A 3D AUDIENCE L. Frank Baum’s children classic THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ has inspired countless adaptations since it was written in 1900. Besides the Oscar-winning 1939 film, THE WIZARD OF OZ, starring Judy Garland, there has been THE WIZ – starring Diana Ross and Michael Jackson –, the unofficial Disney sequel RETURN TO OZ and even a Muppet version. On stage, the tale has also undergone many incarnations, including the recent Andrew Lloyd Webber West End production and the Tony award-winning musical WICKED — told from the perspective of the witches —, which continues to be a hit both in London and on Broadway. For his new take on the tale, director Sam Raimi’s plan from the outset was to make a film that serves as a prequel to Baum's book. His 3D version, OZ, THE GREAT AND POWERFUL, tells the untold story of how a charming man, Oscar Diggs, became the wizard of Oz. The film stars James Franco as Diggs, who finds himself in Oz after being caught up in a tornado. He then meets the witch sisters Theodora, Evanora and Glinda, played by Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz and Michelle Williams respectively, who show him the good and the bad in the mystical land. Academy Award-winner Weisz
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INGLÊS
says the chance to play a “good old-fashioned villainess” drew her to the role of Evanora. “I thought it would be really fun to play someone really bad and evil... the more evil they are, the more fun they have.”, she says. The actress remembers going to see the 1939 MGM film as one of her first trips to the cinema. “What makes that film very charming is the sweetness,” she says. “You can see the make-up and the special effects are at the beginning of what special effects can do.” The fact that now they can make me look like I’m flying, when I’m on wires, is impressive. Reviews for the film in the US have been mixed. The Hollywood Reporter claims the “unimaginative” film is pitched at children under the age of six, but other reviewers praise the colourful “feast for the eyes” and immersive 3D experience. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY starring - estrelando stage - palcos witches - bruxas a hit - um sucesso outset - origem, início prequel - uma história que precede outra pitched - voltado, focado
Based on the text above, judge the items below. 1)
The only witch sister to show Oscar Diggs “the good and the bad in the mystical land” was Glinda. 2) Rachel Weisz was excited to play the bad girl in OZ, THE GREAT AND POWERFUL. 3) The 1939 THE WIZARD OF OZ was part of Rachel Weisz’s introduction to the world of the cinema. 4) According to Weisz, the special effects in the 1939 film THE WIZARD OF OZ were really impressive. 5) The movie THE WIZARD OF OZ has been widely acclaimed. 6) OZ, THE GREAT AND POWERFUL was inspired by a book that was written over a thousand years ago. 7) Judy Garland won an Oscar for her part in the 1939 THE WIZARD OF OZ. 8) Michael Jackson and Diana Ross were the stars of one of the adaptations of THE WIZARD OF OZ. 9) It is possible to see a play based on THE WIZARD OF OZ in England and in the USA nowadays. 10) Since the beginning, it was Sam Raimi’s plan to tell a story preceding the original tale by L. Frank Baum.
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UnB 1º/2014 - INGLÊS TEXT III Newspapers, radio, television, and the internet — including e-mail and blogs — are usually less influential than the social environment, but they are still significant, especially in reassuring attitudes and opinions that are already established. The news media focus the public’s attention on certain personalities and issues, leading many people to form opinions about them. Government officials accordingly have noted that communications to them from the public tend to “follow the headlines.” The mass media can also reinforce latent attitudes and “activate” them, prompting people to take action. Just before an election, for example, voters who earlier had only a mild preference for one party or candidate may be inspired by media coverage not only to take the trouble to vote but perhaps also to contribute money or to help a party organization in some other way. The mass media play another important role by letting individuals know what other people think and by giving political leaders large audiences. In this way the media make it possible for public opinion to encompass large numbers of individuals and wide geographic areas. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY headlines - manchete prompting - incitando, levando mild - leve, suave
From the text above, it can be concluded that 20) money
donations to parties can also be influenced by the media. 21) the most important role played by the media is to grant political leaders large audiences. 22) the media are capable of including plenty of individuals so as to make them know others’ ideas. 23) the gist of the text can be said to be: “The media viewed as a political instrument.” 24) newspapers, radio, television, and the internet are less influential than the social environment. 25) personalities and issues depend on the media to get a favourable public opinion. 26) a few people can be led to form their opinions about personalities and issues based on the news focused by the media. 27) the media can turn once dormant opinion into actual action. 28) some voters may make up their mind about whom to vote for based on the media coverage.
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UnB 2015 - INGLÊS Artist uses DNA to recreate live replica of van Gogh’s ear Many know Vincent van Gogh as a brilliant impressionista painter, whose many works are displayed in museums across the world. Van Gogh has also come to embody the quintessential tortured creative genius — notorious for cutting off his left ear in a fit of madness in 1888. A different museum exhibition showcases the anguished creativity of van Gogh in a far more unusual way: currently a recreation of van Gogh’s left ear is on display at The Center for Art and Media in Karlsruhe, Germany. Artist Diemut Strebe used cells from the greatgreat grandson of van Gogh’s brother, Theo, and other DNA to construct a living replica of the ear. The ear was created using a 3D-printer and was grown in Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital, she explains. It is currently being kept alive inside a case full of nourishing fluids, according to the Associated Press, and could “theoretically last for years.” Vincent van Gogh’s descendant, Lieuwe van Gogh, was readily interested in the project. Also an artist, he was intrigued by the project, and willingly donated a tissue sample (cartilage) taken from behind his ear. “He liked the idea right away, so it wasn’t hard to convince him,” said Strebe. Lieuwe shares a sixteenth of Vincent’s DNA, including the Y chromosome passed down through the male line. The project, which is a combination of science and art, is part of the work “Sugababe,” and was first presented on May 30. As part of the exhibit, viewers can speak to the ear through a microphone. Once the sound moves through the solution of nutrients and hits the ear’s artificial nerves, the words change and the sound — as the ear hears it — is then produced in an audio installation. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY anguished – angustiado was grown – foi cultivado nourishing – nutritivo willingly – disposto tissue – tecido (corpo)
Based on the text above, judge the items below. 1) Convincing van Gogh’s descendant to donate material for the project was easy. 2) Lieuwe van Gogh shares 1/60 of Vincent’s DNA. 3) Theo van Gogh’s son was Lieuwe’s greatgrandfather. 4) The work of art started as a scientific experiment.
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5) Visitors can ‘talk’ to the ear and listen to what Vincent van Gogh would respond. 6) Vincent van Gogh’s ear was cut off while he was being tortured. 7) The exhibit was made possible because van Gogh’s ear has been preserved since 1888. 8) The artist responsible for the exhibit is a woman. 9) The artist used DNA from more than one person to construct the ear. 10) Although the exhibit is a living organism, in theory it could ‘live’ forever.
UnB 2016 - INGLÊS The Wonder of Will, the Marvel of Miguel: 400 years of Shakespeare and Cervantes This year we remember the 400th anniversary of the death of William Shakespeare. But 1616 also saw the passing of another great writer: Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra, who we know best as the author of Don Quijote. As Shakespeare left an indelible mark on the English language, Spanish has been referred to as the language of Cervantes. This is due not just to the inventiveness of Cervantes’ writing, but also to its orality. To read Don Quijote is to engage deeply with the act of storytelling in many forms. Indeed, almost any given character becomes a storyteller, through writing or reciting, dialogue or monologue. With his ear for the spoken word, it should come as no surprise that Cervantes tried his hand as a playwright as well as a novelist. Although he yearned for recognition as the former, his true fame came as the latter. Don Quijote was published in two parts, the first in 1605 to almost immediate acclaim, and its sequel in 1615, the same year Cervantes published his Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses (i.e. Eight comedies and eight dramatic interludes). April 23, 1616, is given as the death date for both Shakespeare and Cervantes, but neither man died on that day. Spanish records from that time write down the date of death as the date of burial. So we know Cervantes was buried on April 23, which means he probably died on April 22. Shakespeare actually died 11 days after Cervantes — May 3 by the Gregorian calendar that Spain adopted in 1582, but April 23 on the Julian calendar that England used until 1752. Kathryn Swanton. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY Indelible – indelével/ permanente playwright – dramaturgo yearned – aspirou acclaim – consagração burial/buried – enterro/enterrado
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UNB 2010 – 2019
Based on the text, judge the items bellow. 1) The text shows that different cultures may have diferente ways to record the passing of time. 2) Because the words “wonder” and “marvel” have similar meanings, the title would have the same effect if it were changed to The wonder of Miguel, the marvel of Will. 3) In the first paragraph, “death” and “passing” are used as synonyms. 4) As the first paragraph introduces Cervantes, it can be good for a reader who may not be very familiar with the author’s work. 5) Both Shakespeare and Cervantes played a decisive role in the formation of English and Spanish, respectively. 6) Cervantes spent ten years writing the second part of his Don Quijote. 7) Cervantes wanted to write for the theatre, but he didn’t have enough talent to write plays. 8) There are historical data informing the exact date of death of both Shakespeare and Cervantes.
UnB 2017 - INGLÊS Parks are a crucial part of any community. They have a significant impact on the development of children and the happiness of everyone in the neighbourhood. Here’s why parks are important. • Unpaved ground absorbs water. Trees and grass are a far more efficient and less expensive method of managing storm water than sewers and drainage ditches made of concrete. With greater occurrence of rain caused by rising temperatures, an increase in green space could save a lot of money. • The abundance of flat, dark surfaces made up of asphalt and concrete in cities creates what is known as the urban heat island effect. Luckily, even a small increase in the number of trees in the neighbourhood can reduce this effect. • Increasing the number of parks and recreational facilities in a neighbourhood reduces crime rates, especially among youth. By giving young people a safe place to interact with one another they keep them off the streets and out of trouble. • The mental health benefits of parks go beyond the obvious. Direct exposure to nature reduces stress and increases happiness. A study by Finnish researchers found that even ten minutes in a park or urban woodland area could tangibly reduce stress. • Being outside and playing in nature is crucial for the healthy development of children. Regular time in
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nature improves the child’s ability to learn and reduces symptoms of ADHD, training the brain to focus better. Children who spend a significant amount of time in nature also experience better emotional stability and improved mental health. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY UNPAVED - não asfaltado SEWERS - esgotos DITCHES – vala WOODLAND - bosque TANGIBLY – tangivelmente, palpavelmente ADHD - transtorno de défict de atenção
Judge the following items according to the text. 1) Global warming causes economic problems that may be avoided by the construction of parks. 2) Local temperatures may be reduced with the creation of parks. 3) Teenagers who take part in activities carried on in parks are less prone to get involved in unlawful practices. 4) Even little time spent on a park has much effect on mental health. 5) Parks promote emotional stability in both children and adults. 6) Spending time in parks can help teenagers concentrate better.
UnB 2018 - INGLÊS
Don’t let that scare you away. There is a murder and a fatal church-bell-related accident, but the afterlife in Coco is a warm and hectic place, more comical than creepy. The story happens during the Day of the Dead, when the border controls between life and death relax and the departed are allowed temporary passage to the land of the living. A boy named Miguel makes the trip in reverse, which is not to say that he dies, but rather that his living self, through one of several metaphysical loopholes that the movie explains, is transported into a fantastical world of specters and skeletons, who hold fabulous parties and raucous outdoor concerts. Nearly as enchanting as that magical realm is the Mexican village of Santa Cecilia, Miguel’s
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INGLÊS
hometown, where he is part of a prosperous clan of shoemakers. The cultural vibe of Coco is inclusive rather than exoticizing, pre-empting inevitable concerns about authenticity and appropriation with the mixture of charm and sensitivity that has become something of a 21st-century Disney hallmark. Here, the importance of family — the multigenerational household that sustains and constrains the hero — is both specific and universal. It’s what explains the particular beats of Miguel’s story and what connects him to viewers regardless of background. He shows a certain kinship with other wellknown recent cartoon characters. A gifted musician in a family that forbids music, he is a bit like Remy, the “Ratatouille” rat whose kin were hostile to his artistic ambition, and like Mumble, the misfit penguin in “Happy Feet.” Miguel’s quest — a search for roots, lost ancestors and information that might explain who he is — resembles Dory’s journey in Finding Dory. The sidekicks who accompany him, animal and (formerly) human, are drawn from a familiar well of archetypes, and the final round of lesson-learning and reconciliation hits notes we have heard many times before. Internet: (adapted) GLOSSARY HECTIC – LOOPHOLES – brechas, falhas RACUOUS – escandalosos SHOEMAKERS – sapateiros PRE-EMPTING – antecipando HALLMARK – marca CONSTRAINS – reprimir, aprisionar KINSHIP – afinidade, similiaridade MISFIT – desajeitado, deslocado
PROF. GOOFY
There are similarities between Miguel and some other recent cartoon characters. 28) What connects Coco to the long tradition of recent cartoon characters is their obsession with the idea of death.
UnB 2019 - INGLÊS Women who changed the world Text I
Marie Curie Born in Warsaw, Marie Curie became the first woman Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne (Paris) in 1906. She had Masters Degrees in both physics and mathematical sciences and was the first woman to obtain a Doctor of Science degree. Madame Curie was also the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. The first was in Physics in 1903, with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, for their study in spontaneous radiation. The second was in Chemistry in 1911 for her work in radioactivity. Text II
Based on the text above, judge the items from 21 through 28. 21) In the film, death is not so morbid a subject that it should discourage people from watching it. 22) In the fragment “hold fabulous parties and raucous outdoor concerts” (L. 11 e 12), the verb “to hold” can be correctly replaced with to throw. 23) The author mentions that the story in Coco takes place in at least three distinct spheres. 24) In “the land of the living” (L.6) and in “his living self” (L.8), the word “living” plays the same grammar role. 25) The word “loopholes” (L.9) is synonymous with events. 26) In the film, the use of the strange and picturesque features of the Mexican culture is exploitative. 27) The sentence “He shows a certain kinship with other well-known recent cartoon characters.” (L. 26 and 25) can be correctly paraphrased as
Rigoberta Menchú Tum An indigenous Guatemalan woman of the K’iche’ branch of the Mayan culture, Rigoberta Menchú has dedicated her life to promoting the rights of indigenous peoples. She became active in the women’s rights movement as a teenager and later was a prominent workers’ rights advocate. In 1992 she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation for indigenous peoples in Guatemala and is the first indigenous person to receive the prize.
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INGLÊS Text III
PROF. GOOFY
GABARITO
UNB 1º / 2010 21)E 22)C 23)C 24)C 25)E 26)C 27)E 28)E 29)E 30)C
UNB 2º / 2010 1)E 2)C 3)E 4)C 5)C 6)C 7)E
Malala Yousafzai
UNB 1º / 2011
Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani advocate for girls education and the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate. In 2009, when Malala was just eleven she began blogging about life under the Taliban, speaking out directly against their threats to close girls’ schools. The blog on BBC Urdu garnered international attention while also making her the target of death threats. In October 2012, a gunman shot her and two other girls as they were coming home from school. Malala survived the attack, and, in October 2014, she received the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Indian children’s rights activist Kailash Satyart. Felicity Amos. 12 women who changed the world. Internet: (adapted).
1)C 2)C 3)C 4)C 5)E 6)E 7)E 8)E 9)E
UNB 2º / 2011 1)C 2)E 3)E 4)E 5)C 6)C
UNB 1º / 2012 1)C 2)E 3)C 4)C 5)E 6)C 7)E 8)C 9)E 10)C
UNB 2º / 2012 1)E 2)C 3)E 4)E 5)C 6)C 7)C 8)E 9)C 10)E
UNB 1º / 2013
GLOSSARY
10)C 11)E 12)E 13)E 14)E 15)E 16)E 17)C 18)E
LAUREATE – premiado GARNERED – acumular, reunir GUNMAN - atirador
UNB 2º / 2013 1)E 2)C 3)C 4)E 5)E 6)E 7)E 8)E 9)E 10)C
Judge the following items according to texts I, II and III.
UNB 2014 23) The three women described in the texts had a common goal: fighting discrimination against women. 24) Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes due to her autonomous work with radiation. 25) It is correct to infer that Rigoberta Menchú was a woman whose main concern was the welfare of indigenous peoples in her country. 26) In texts II and III, the word “advocate” indicates that both Rigoberta and Malala were lawyers. 27) In text III, the expression “the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate” means that Malala was the youngest person to win the prize in the ceremony of 2014. 28) Malala’s life was threatened because of her opinions and views against the Taliban.
20)C 21)E 22)C 23)E 24)E 25)E 26)E 27)C 28)C
UNB 2015 1)C 2)E 3)C 4)E 5)E 6)E 7)E 8)C 9)C 10)E
UNB 2016 1)C 2)E 3)C 4)C 5)C 6)E 7)E 8)E
UNB 2017 1)C 2)C 3)C 4)C 5)C 6)E
UNB 2018 21)C 22)C 23)E 24)E 25)E 26)E 27)C 28)E
UNB 2019 23)E 24)E 25)C 26)E 27)E 28)C
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PROF. GOOFY
DESCOMPLICANDO O INGLÊS Textos recomendados das Provas de inglês dA
COM GLOSSÁRIO E DESTAQUE DOS TERMOS MAIS RELEVANTES
TERMOS EM NEGRITO: RAROS OU ESPECÍFICOS (POUCO IMPORTANTE) TERMOS SUBLINHADOS: RELEVANTES E FREQUENTES (MUITO IMPORTANTE)
Prof. goofy 1
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UNB 2010 – 2019
INGLÊS UnB 1º/2010 - INGLÊS TEXT III
Bus systems provide a versatile form of public transportation with the flexibility to serve a variety of access needs and unlimited range of locations throughout a metropolitan area. Buses also travel on urban roadways, so infrastructure investments can be substantially lower than the capital costs required for rail systems. As a result, bus service can be implemented cost-effectively on many routes. Yet, despite the inherent advantages of a bus service, conventional urban buses inching their way through congested streets don’t win much political support. The essence of a Bus Rapid Transit is to improve bus operating speed and reliability on arterial streets by reducing or eliminating the various types of delay. The bus system of Curitiba, Brazil, exemplifies a model Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, and plays a large part in making this a livable city. The buses run frequently — some as often as every 90 seconds — and reliably, and the stations are convenient, well-designed, comfortable, and attractive. Consequently, Curitiba has one of the most frequently used, yet low-cost, transit systems in the world. It offers many of the features of a subway system — vehicle movements unimpeded by traffic lights and congestion, fare collection prior to boarding, quick passenger loading and unloading — but it is above ground and visible. Around 70 percent of Curitiba’s commuters use BRT to travel to work, resulting in congestion-free streets and pollution free air for the 2.2 million inhabitants of greater Curitiba. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY rail - trilho, trem inching - avançando lentamente fare -tarifa commuters - usuários habituais de transporte público
According to what is stated in the text, it can be deduced that 21) buses must be used in urban areas for public transportation. 22) capital costs required for rail systems are much higher than infrastructure investments in bus systems. 23) a bus service can be effectively implemented on many routes, in terms of cost. 24) buses tend to move very slowly or in a lot of short stages, which favours congested streets. 25) Bus Rapid Transit succeeded in improving bus speed and reliability by taking away the several causes of delay, once and for all. 26) BRT in Curitiba can be taken as an instance of a workable solution to the cities’ traffic problems.
PROF. GOOFY
27) thanks to Curitiba’s BRT, the city became a worth living place. 28) the buses in Curitiba pick up passengers every 90 seconds. 29) nowhere in the world can it be found such a transit system as good as that of Curitiba. 30) BRT systems can be compared to that of an underground railway.
UnB 2º/2010 - INGLÊS TEXT I Viva muchos años! is the ordinary greeting in Spain, and it is usual throughout the whole world to wish people a long life. It is not knowledge of what life is that explains the origin of such a wish, but rather knowledge of what man is in his real nature: namely, the will to live. Each culture’s word view includes beliefs about the meaning and purpose of life and what happens after death. Although the final outcome of death is the same for all humans, cultures vary in how they conceptualize death and what happens when a person dies. In some cultures, death is conceived to involve different conditions, including sleep, illness, and reaching a certain age. As an example, the Truskese of Micronesia believe that life ends at 40 years of age, and when you reach 40, you are, in effect, dead. In other cultures, death is said to occur only when there is a total cessation of life. In a similar manner, certain cultural traditions view death as a transition to other forms of existence; others propose a continuous interaction between the dead and the living; some cultures conceive a circular pattern of multiple deaths and rebirths; and yet others view death as the final end, with nothing occurring after death. These different conceptions have a noticeable influence on people’s lifestyles, their readiness to die for a cause, the degree to which they fear death, their expressions of grief and mourning, and the nature of funeral rituals. The difficulty of having a unitary view of death or the death experience can be better appreciated when we realize that it is problematic to even define what we mean by death. The first definition of death in Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary is that it is “the act of dying; the end of life; the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions of an animal or plant.” (1989, p.372). This appears straightforward enough, until we realize that it represents a largely Western conception of death. However, a relatively global conceptualization of death issues would have to incorporate the many cultural variations that exist in the world. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY readiness - prontidão grief/mourning -pesar/luto
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INGLÊS straightforward - claro, direto
According to the text above, judge the following items. 1)
2) 3) 4)
5) 6)
7)
For the majority of people in the world, death involves different conditions such as sleep, illness and age. The actual meaning and conceptualization of death differ widely across cultures. Irrespective of how death is defined in each culture, all of them understand it as a total cessation of life. The word “straightforward” in the fragment “This appears straightforward enough” (l.33) is synonymous with clear-cut. The knowledge of what man is in his real nature is what explains his desire to live. Cultural variations in conceptions of death have profound implications for how people act in life, how they approach death and dying, whether or not they fear death, and for their funeral and bereavement practices. As the world is increasingly shrinking due to the complex interaction among people from cultures across the world, differences involving conceptions about death are becoming less significant.
common people, it demoralizes them and blunts in them all sensibility. Victor Hugo. Le dernier jour d’un condamné, Paris, Eugène Renduel, 1832. pp XXII e XXIII (adapted).
GLOSSARY suffice - bastar, ser o suficiente jailer - carcereiro blunts - atenua avenge - vingar-se vengeance - vingança beneath – abaixo
According to the text above, judge the following items. 1) 2)
3)
4)
5)
UnB 1º/2011 - INGLÊS TEXT I
6)
AGAINST DEATH PENALTY Those who judge and condemn, say that capital punishment is necessary. Firstly, because it is necessary to remove from the social community a member who has already injured it, and might injure it even more. If that is all, a life sentence would suffice. What is the use of bringing death? You may argue that one might escape from jail — keep better watch, then! Let there be no executioner where the jailer suffices. One might also say society must avenge itself, society must punish. Neither one nor the other: vengeance is an individual act, and punishment belongs to God. Society is between the two; punishment is above it, vengeance is beneath it. Nothing so great or so small should be in its sphere. Society should not punish in order to avenge itself; it should correct, in order to improve! The third and last reason remains, the theory of examples. It is imperative to set examples. By the sight of the fate inflicted on criminals, we must shock those who might otherwise be tempted to imitate them! Well; above all, we deny the power of the example. We deny that the spectacle of torment produces the desired effect. Rather than edifying the
PROF. GOOFY
7)
8) 9)
The author argues against the 3 main reasons given by supporters of the death penalty. According to the author, society has no right to condemn a criminal to death because punishment is within God’s sphere. The formula which best expresses the author’s position as to the function of human justice is correct, in order to improve (l.15). In “executioner” (l.8) and “jailer” (l.8), both words present the suffix “-er”, which also appears in teacher, and which conveys the idea of someone who performs such an activity or has such an occupation. The word “Those” in the first line of the first paragraph is used as an element of style. If it were to be deleted, accurate grammar would still be preserved. According to the author, the spectacle of public execution is the most efficient method of stopping potential criminals from committing crimes. The pronoun “It” in “It is imperative to set examples” (l.17) refers to the phrase “theory of examples” (l.1617). Historically, capital punishment has been unanimously held as legitimate and effective. The text presents the risk of inmates escaping from prison as a strong argument against the death penalty.
UnB 2º/2011 - INGLÊS TEXT I One of the main events in recent mankind history is the foundation of the United Nations Organization (UNO/UN). Among its outstanding missions is its commitment to avoid war between nations. United Nations peacekeeping is a unique and dynamic instrument developed by the Organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict and create the
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INGLÊS
conditions for lasting peace. The first UN peacekeeping mission was established in 1948, when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbours. Since then, there have been a total of 64 UN peacekeeping operations around the world. The term peacekeeping is not found in the United Nations Charter and defies simple definition. Dag Hammarskjöld, the second UN Secretary-General, referred to it as belonging to Chapter Six and a Half of the Charter, placing it between traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully, such as negotiation and mediation under Chapter VI, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII. Over the years, UN peacekeeping has evolved to meet the demands of different conflicts and a changing political landscape. The missions consisted of military observers and lightly armed troops with monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles in support of ceasefires and limited peace agreements. The Brazilian role in Haiti is a worth mentioning example of a peace-making mission. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY peacekeeping - pacificação torn - devastado, destruído deployment - envio defies - desafia ceasefires - cessar-fogo
Based on text, judge the items below. 1) Along the years, UNO missions focused on three actions. 2) Lasting peace cannot be endurable. 3) In 1948, the Security Council engaged troops to fight in the Middle East. 4) The UNO actions for promoting peace have been carried out everywhere all over the world. 5) It is not easy to define “peacekeeping”. 6) More recently a particular type of action has been added to agreed procedures adopted to settle down disagreements.
PROF. GOOFY
UnB 1º/2012 - INGLÊS TEXT I
Johannes Vermeer. Girl with a pearl earring, 1665, oil on canvas, 44,5 cm × 39 cm, Mauritshuis, the Hague, the Netherlands.
Jan or Johannes Vermeer van Delft (1632–1675), a Dutch genre painter who lived and worked in Delft all his life, created some of the most exquisite paintings in Western art. His works are rare. Of the 35 or 36 paintings generally attributed to him, most portray figures in interiors. All his works are admired for the sensitivity with which he rendered effects of light and color and for the poetic quality of his images. He produced meticulously constructed interiors with just one or two figures — usually women. These are intimate genre paintings in which the principal figure is invariably engaged in some everyday activity. Often the light enters Vermeer’s paintings from a window. He was a master at depicting the way light illuminates objects. During the late 1650s, Vermeer began to place a new emphasis on depicting figures within carefully composed interior spaces. Other Dutch painters painted similar scenes, but they were less concerned with the articulation of the space than with the description of the figures and their actions. Little is known for certain about Vermeer’s life and career. Not much is known about Vermeer’s apprenticeship as an artist either. After his death, Vermeer was overlooked by all but the most discriminating collectors and art historians for more than 200 years. His few pictures were attributed to other artists. Only after 1866, when the French critic W. Thore-Burger ‘rediscovered’ him, did Vermeer’s works become widely known and his works heralded as genuine Vermeer. Internet: .
GLOSSARY rendered - criava, desenvolvia apprenticeship - aprendizagem overlooked - negligenciado heralded - proclamado, anunciado
Judge the items that follow according to the text above. 1)
It took around two centuries for Vermeer’s paintings to be attributed to him again.
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INGLÊS 2) 3)
Some of Vermeer’s paintings are considered strange. Even though there were just a few of them, Vermeer’s paintings proved to be very influential in the history of Dutch painting. 4) Whenever Vermeer’s paintings portray human figures, these individuals are shown performing ordinary tasks. 5) Vermeer got his inspiration from poems about women. 6) Vermeer paid meticulous attention to the scenery in his paintings. 7) Light did not play a significant role in Vermeer’s paintings. 8) Vermeer gave greater emphasis to interior spaces than other painters did. 9) Vermeer’s life and work history were widely documented. 10) Vermeer was neglected by most collectors and art historians after he died.
PROF. GOOFY
dual importance in Montserrat: it has long been celebrated by the island's large Irish Catholic population, who first settled there in the 1630s to escape religious persecution, and it also marks the day, in 1798, that enslaved Africans launched a major uprising. Part IV – Crop Over Festival in Barbados (July) Why celebrate for a day or a weekend, when you can party for a whole month? That’s the attitude of Barbadians when it comes to Crop Over, the island’s largest and most anticipated festival, held from early July to early August. The celebration, which dates back to the late 1700s, originally marked the end of the allimportant sugarcane harvest, when Barbados was one of the world's largest producers of sugar. Today the heart of Crop Over is calypso music, which infuses the entire event with its rhythm and lyrics. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY quintessentially - tipicamente upbeat - animado ebullient - efervescente battered - prejudicado, danificado infuses - infunde, inspira lyrics - letra de música
UnB 2º/2012 - INGLÊS TEXT I CARIBBEAN FESTIVALS Part I – Fiesta de Santiago de Apóstol in Loiza Aldea, Puerto Rico (Late July) Nowhere is Puerto Rico’s rich West African heritage more pronounced — and celebrated — than in the coastal town of Loiza Aldea. Every July 25, the town hosts a celebration of its patron saint, Santiago, one of several Catholic saints believed to be incarnations of ancient African deities. The festival includes street parties, open-air plena and bomba concerts, and Carnival-like parades. Part II – Festival de Merengue in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (Late July) Few things are more quintessentially Dominican than “merengue”. You can hear its urgent upbeat rhythm just about anywhere you go, from supermarkets to public buses, from the capital to the countryside, and it seems Dominican children learn to dance to “merengue” almost as soon as they can walk. The annual Merengue Festival lasts less than a week and isn’t even the Dominican Republic’s largest music festival, but only Carnival makes for a bigger and more ebullient street party.
According to the text, it is true to infer that 1)
“merengue” and “calypso” are prevalent in the four celebrations described in the text. 2) “Fiesta de Santiago de Apóstol” is a mixture of African and Catholic celebrations. 3) Puerto Ricans believe that Santiago is the reincarnation of many African deities. 4) it is possible to hear “merengue” in the Dominican Republic only during the festival in Santo Domingo. 5) “upbeat”, in part II, means cheerful. 6) Carnival is second to no other celebration in the Dominican Republic. 7) St. Patrick’s Day in Montserrat has both a religious and a political meaning. 8) “Festival de Merengue” is the celebration that takes the longest of all the four described in the text. 9) “battered”, in part III, means damaged. 10) “Crop Over” was created as an event to lament the decline of Barbados as a large sugar exporter.
Part III – St. Patrick’s Day in Montserrat (Mid-March) The Irish aren't the only ones who know how to throw a St. Patrick's Day party. The tiny island of Montserrat, battered by hurricanes and half-buried in volcanic ash, celebrates March 17 as a national holiday with a terrific week-long festival. St. Patrick's Day has
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INGLÊS
UNB 2010 – 2019 wear and tear - desgaste por uso
UnB 1º/2013 - INGLÊS
Judge the items that follow according to the text above.
TEXT II
Visitors and Londoners will later this week have their first chance to join the big city bike rental revolution. Following in the path of Montreal, Paris, and Cardiff, London mayor Boris Johnson is to unveil the Barclays Cycle Hire scheme this Friday, and Londoners and visitors will have access to almost-free bike hire in 30-minute bursts. Over the past few weeks new docking stations have been appearing across central London in readiness for the 6,000 bikes that will be available for rent. The scheme is modelled on the Bixi project that has become a big success in the Canadian city of Montreal, and even uses similar bikes. Once you’ve paid a £1 a day access charge, the first half an hour’s rental is free, and you can make as many 30-minute trips in the day as you like without paying a penny more. From this Friday, and for the first month, it will only be open to those who become members by registering online and agreeing to pay £3 for a smartcard. After that period the scheme will be opened to everyone. Once fully up and running, spontaneous users will be able to go to one of the capital’s 400 docking stations, enter their credit or debit card details, select a bike and ride off. When they have finished that journey, they deposit the bike at the nearest docking station. You can repeat this as many times as you like during the day – or in the period for which you have paid to access the bikes. Transport for London, which is behind the scheme, says it is aimed at those in the capital who need to make short, repeated journeys, rather than longer rentals. Potential users need to be aware that if they return their bike after their access time has expired, they face a punitive £150 late return charge. If the bike goes missing, or is damaged by the hirer – or vandals – the hirer will have to pay up to £300 to cover the loss. Punctures are considered wear and tear. Internet: .
GLOSSARY unveil - revelar bursts - disparos, curtos períodos readiness - prontidão penny - 1 centavo punctures - furo
PROF. GOOFY
10) Users have to pay for damage to the bike even if they have not caused it themselves. 11) The expression “wear and tear” (l.34) means unacceptable. 12) London’s bike rental program is better than Montreal’s. 13) The first 30 minutes of bike rental on a day are free. Then users have to pay a little more for each time they rent a bike again. 14) Those who plan to rent bikes for a whole month should pay £3 15) Users will pay for the rent of the bike at the moment they will use it. 16) If users return a damaged bike after their access time has expired, they will pay at least £450. 17) Users do not have to leave the bike at the same station from which they rented it. 18) In the third paragraph, in the phrase “says it is aimed at those” (l.28), the pronoun “it” refers to “Transport for London” (l.27).
UnB 2º/2013 - INGLÊS TEXT I SAM RAIMI RE-BUILDS OZ FOR A 3D AUDIENCE L. Frank Baum’s children classic THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ has inspired countless adaptations since it was written in 1900. Besides the Oscar-winning 1939 film, THE WIZARD OF OZ, starring Judy Garland, there has been THE WIZ – starring Diana Ross and Michael Jackson –, the unofficial Disney sequel RETURN TO OZ and even a Muppet version. On stage, the tale has also undergone many incarnations, including the recent Andrew Lloyd Webber West End production and the Tony award-winning musical WICKED — told from the perspective of the witches —, which continues to be a hit both in London and on Broadway. For his new take on the tale, director Sam Raimi’s plan from the outset was to make a film that serves as a prequel to Baum's book. His 3D version, OZ, THE GREAT AND POWERFUL, tells the untold story of how a charming man, Oscar Diggs, became the wizard of Oz. The film stars James Franco as Diggs, who finds himself in Oz after being caught up in a tornado. He then meets the witch sisters Theodora, Evanora and Glinda, played by Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz and Michelle Williams respectively, who show him the good and the bad in the mystical land. Academy Award-winner Weisz
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says the chance to play a “good old-fashioned villainess” drew her to the role of Evanora. “I thought it would be really fun to play someone really bad and evil... the more evil they are, the more fun they have.”, she says. The actress remembers going to see the 1939 MGM film as one of her first trips to the cinema. “What makes that film very charming is the sweetness,” she says. “You can see the make-up and the special effects are at the beginning of what special effects can do.” The fact that now they can make me look like I’m flying, when I’m on wires, is impressive. Reviews for the film in the US have been mixed. The Hollywood Reporter claims the “unimaginative” film is pitched at children under the age of six, but other reviewers praise the colourful “feast for the eyes” and immersive 3D experience. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY starring - estrelando stage - palcos witches - bruxas a hit - um sucesso outset - origem, início prequel - uma história que precede outra pitched - voltado, focado
Based on the text above, judge the items below. 1)
The only witch sister to show Oscar Diggs “the good and the bad in the mystical land” was Glinda. 2) Rachel Weisz was excited to play the bad girl in OZ, THE GREAT AND POWERFUL. 3) The 1939 THE WIZARD OF OZ was part of Rachel Weisz’s introduction to the world of the cinema. 4) According to Weisz, the special effects in the 1939 film THE WIZARD OF OZ were really impressive. 5) The movie THE WIZARD OF OZ has been widely acclaimed. 6) OZ, THE GREAT AND POWERFUL was inspired by a book that was written over a thousand years ago. 7) Judy Garland won an Oscar for her part in the 1939 THE WIZARD OF OZ. 8) Michael Jackson and Diana Ross were the stars of one of the adaptations of THE WIZARD OF OZ. 9) It is possible to see a play based on THE WIZARD OF OZ in England and in the USA nowadays. 10) Since the beginning, it was Sam Raimi’s plan to tell a story preceding the original tale by L. Frank Baum.
PROF. GOOFY
UnB 1º/2014 - INGLÊS TEXT III Newspapers, radio, television, and the internet — including e-mail and blogs — are usually less influential than the social environment, but they are still significant, especially in reassuring attitudes and opinions that are already established. The news media focus the public’s attention on certain personalities and issues, leading many people to form opinions about them. Government officials accordingly have noted that communications to them from the public tend to “follow the headlines.” The mass media can also reinforce latent attitudes and “activate” them, prompting people to take action. Just before an election, for example, voters who earlier had only a mild preference for one party or candidate may be inspired by media coverage not only to take the trouble to vote but perhaps also to contribute money or to help a party organization in some other way. The mass media play another important role by letting individuals know what other people think and by giving political leaders large audiences. In this way the media make it possible for public opinion to encompass large numbers of individuals and wide geographic areas. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY headlines - manchete prompting - incitando, levando mild - leve, suave
From the text above, it can be concluded that 20) money
donations to parties can also be influenced by the media. 21) the most important role played by the media is to grant political leaders large audiences. 22) the media are capable of including plenty of individuals so as to make them know others’ ideas. 23) the gist of the text can be said to be: “The media viewed as a political instrument.” 24) newspapers, radio, television, and the internet are less influential than the social environment. 25) personalities and issues depend on the media to get a favourable public opinion. 26) a few people can be led to form their opinions about personalities and issues based on the news focused by the media. 27) the media can turn once dormant opinion into actual action. 28) some voters may make up their mind about whom to vote for based on the media coverage.
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INGLÊS
UNB 2010 – 2019
UnB 2015 - INGLÊS Artist uses DNA to recreate live replica of van Gogh’s ear Many know Vincent van Gogh as a brilliant impressionista painter, whose many works are displayed in museums across the world. Van Gogh has also come to embody the quintessential tortured creative genius — notorious for cutting off his left ear in a fit of madness in 1888. A different museum exhibition showcases the anguished creativity of van Gogh in a far more unusual way: currently a recreation of van Gogh’s left ear is on display at The Center for Art and Media in Karlsruhe, Germany. Artist Diemut Strebe used cells from the greatgreat grandson of van Gogh’s brother, Theo, and other DNA to construct a living replica of the ear. The ear was created using a 3D-printer and was grown in Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital, she explains. It is currently being kept alive inside a case full of nourishing fluids, according to the Associated Press, and could “theoretically last for years.” Vincent van Gogh’s descendant, Lieuwe van Gogh, was readily interested in the project. Also an artist, he was intrigued by the project, and willingly donated a tissue sample (cartilage) taken from behind his ear. “He liked the idea right away, so it wasn’t hard to convince him,” said Strebe. Lieuwe shares a sixteenth of Vincent’s DNA, including the Y chromosome passed down through the male line. The project, which is a combination of science and art, is part of the work “Sugababe,” and was first presented on May 30. As part of the exhibit, viewers can speak to the ear through a microphone. Once the sound moves through the solution of nutrients and hits the ear’s artificial nerves, the words change and the sound — as the ear hears it — is then produced in an audio installation. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY anguished – angustiado was grown – foi cultivado nourishing – nutritivo willingly – disposto tissue – tecido (corpo)
Based on the text above, judge the items below. 1) Convincing van Gogh’s descendant to donate material for the project was easy. 2) Lieuwe van Gogh shares 1/60 of Vincent’s DNA. 3) Theo van Gogh’s son was Lieuwe’s greatgrandfather. 4) The work of art started as a scientific experiment.
PROF. GOOFY
5) Visitors can ‘talk’ to the ear and listen to what Vincent van Gogh would respond. 6) Vincent van Gogh’s ear was cut off while he was being tortured. 7) The exhibit was made possible because van Gogh’s ear has been preserved since 1888. 8) The artist responsible for the exhibit is a woman. 9) The artist used DNA from more than one person to construct the ear. 10) Although the exhibit is a living organism, in theory it could ‘live’ forever.
UnB 2016 - INGLÊS The Wonder of Will, the Marvel of Miguel: 400 years of Shakespeare and Cervantes This year we remember the 400th anniversary of the death of William Shakespeare. But 1616 also saw the passing of another great writer: Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra, who we know best as the author of Don Quijote. As Shakespeare left an indelible mark on the English language, Spanish has been referred to as the language of Cervantes. This is due not just to the inventiveness of Cervantes’ writing, but also to its orality. To read Don Quijote is to engage deeply with the act of storytelling in many forms. Indeed, almost any given character becomes a storyteller, through writing or reciting, dialogue or monologue. With his ear for the spoken word, it should come as no surprise that Cervantes tried his hand as a playwright as well as a novelist. Although he yearned for recognition as the former, his true fame came as the latter. Don Quijote was published in two parts, the first in 1605 to almost immediate acclaim, and its sequel in 1615, the same year Cervantes published his Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses (i.e. Eight comedies and eight dramatic interludes). April 23, 1616, is given as the death date for both Shakespeare and Cervantes, but neither man died on that day. Spanish records from that time write down the date of death as the date of burial. So we know Cervantes was buried on April 23, which means he probably died on April 22. Shakespeare actually died 11 days after Cervantes — May 3 by the Gregorian calendar that Spain adopted in 1582, but April 23 on the Julian calendar that England used until 1752. Kathryn Swanton. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY Indelible – indelével/ permanente playwright – dramaturgo yearned – aspirou acclaim – consagração burial/buried – enterro/enterrado
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INGLÊS
UNB 2010 – 2019
Based on the text, judge the items bellow. 1) The text shows that different cultures may have diferente ways to record the passing of time. 2) Because the words “wonder” and “marvel” have similar meanings, the title would have the same effect if it were changed to The wonder of Miguel, the marvel of Will. 3) In the first paragraph, “death” and “passing” are used as synonyms. 4) As the first paragraph introduces Cervantes, it can be good for a reader who may not be very familiar with the author’s work. 5) Both Shakespeare and Cervantes played a decisive role in the formation of English and Spanish, respectively. 6) Cervantes spent ten years writing the second part of his Don Quijote. 7) Cervantes wanted to write for the theatre, but he didn’t have enough talent to write plays. 8) There are historical data informing the exact date of death of both Shakespeare and Cervantes.
UnB 2017 - INGLÊS Parks are a crucial part of any community. They have a significant impact on the development of children and the happiness of everyone in the neighbourhood. Here’s why parks are important. • Unpaved ground absorbs water. Trees and grass are a far more efficient and less expensive method of managing storm water than sewers and drainage ditches made of concrete. With greater occurrence of rain caused by rising temperatures, an increase in green space could save a lot of money. • The abundance of flat, dark surfaces made up of asphalt and concrete in cities creates what is known as the urban heat island effect. Luckily, even a small increase in the number of trees in the neighbourhood can reduce this effect. • Increasing the number of parks and recreational facilities in a neighbourhood reduces crime rates, especially among youth. By giving young people a safe place to interact with one another they keep them off the streets and out of trouble. • The mental health benefits of parks go beyond the obvious. Direct exposure to nature reduces stress and increases happiness. A study by Finnish researchers found that even ten minutes in a park or urban woodland area could tangibly reduce stress. • Being outside and playing in nature is crucial for the healthy development of children. Regular time in
PROF. GOOFY
nature improves the child’s ability to learn and reduces symptoms of ADHD, training the brain to focus better. Children who spend a significant amount of time in nature also experience better emotional stability and improved mental health. Internet: (adapted).
GLOSSARY UNPAVED - não asfaltado SEWERS - esgotos DITCHES – vala WOODLAND - bosque TANGIBLY – tangivelmente, palpavelmente ADHD - transtorno de défict de atenção
Judge the following items according to the text. 1) Global warming causes economic problems that may be avoided by the construction of parks. 2) Local temperatures may be reduced with the creation of parks. 3) Teenagers who take part in activities carried on in parks are less prone to get involved in unlawful practices. 4) Even little time spent on a park has much effect on mental health. 5) Parks promote emotional stability in both children and adults. 6) Spending time in parks can help teenagers concentrate better.
UnB 2018 - INGLÊS
Don’t let that scare you away. There is a murder and a fatal church-bell-related accident, but the afterlife in Coco is a warm and hectic place, more comical than creepy. The story happens during the Day of the Dead, when the border controls between life and death relax and the departed are allowed temporary passage to the land of the living. A boy named Miguel makes the trip in reverse, which is not to say that he dies, but rather that his living self, through one of several metaphysical loopholes that the movie explains, is transported into a fantastical world of specters and skeletons, who hold fabulous parties and raucous outdoor concerts. Nearly as enchanting as that magical realm is the Mexican village of Santa Cecilia, Miguel’s
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UNB 2010 – 2019
INGLÊS
hometown, where he is part of a prosperous clan of shoemakers. The cultural vibe of Coco is inclusive rather than exoticizing, pre-empting inevitable concerns about authenticity and appropriation with the mixture of charm and sensitivity that has become something of a 21st-century Disney hallmark. Here, the importance of family — the multigenerational household that sustains and constrains the hero — is both specific and universal. It’s what explains the particular beats of Miguel’s story and what connects him to viewers regardless of background. He shows a certain kinship with other wellknown recent cartoon characters. A gifted musician in a family that forbids music, he is a bit like Remy, the “Ratatouille” rat whose kin were hostile to his artistic ambition, and like Mumble, the misfit penguin in “Happy Feet.” Miguel’s quest — a search for roots, lost ancestors and information that might explain who he is — resembles Dory’s journey in Finding Dory. The sidekicks who accompany him, animal and (formerly) human, are drawn from a familiar well of archetypes, and the final round of lesson-learning and reconciliation hits notes we have heard many times before. Internet: (adapted) GLOSSARY HECTIC – LOOPHOLES – brechas, falhas RACUOUS – escandalosos SHOEMAKERS – sapateiros PRE-EMPTING – antecipando HALLMARK – marca CONSTRAINS – reprimir, aprisionar KINSHIP – afinidade, similiaridade MISFIT – desajeitado, deslocado
PROF. GOOFY
There are similarities between Miguel and some other recent cartoon characters. 28) What connects Coco to the long tradition of recent cartoon characters is their obsession with the idea of death.
UnB 2019 - INGLÊS Women who changed the world Text I
Marie Curie Born in Warsaw, Marie Curie became the first woman Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences at the Sorbonne (Paris) in 1906. She had Masters Degrees in both physics and mathematical sciences and was the first woman to obtain a Doctor of Science degree. Madame Curie was also the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. The first was in Physics in 1903, with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, for their study in spontaneous radiation. The second was in Chemistry in 1911 for her work in radioactivity. Text II
Based on the text above, judge the items from 21 through 28. 21) In the film, death is not so morbid a subject that it should discourage people from watching it. 22) In the fragment “hold fabulous parties and raucous outdoor concerts” (L. 11 e 12), the verb “to hold” can be correctly replaced with to throw. 23) The author mentions that the story in Coco takes place in at least three distinct spheres. 24) In “the land of the living” (L.6) and in “his living self” (L.8), the word “living” plays the same grammar role. 25) The word “loopholes” (L.9) is synonymous with events. 26) In the film, the use of the strange and picturesque features of the Mexican culture is exploitative. 27) The sentence “He shows a certain kinship with other well-known recent cartoon characters.” (L. 26 and 25) can be correctly paraphrased as
Rigoberta Menchú Tum An indigenous Guatemalan woman of the K’iche’ branch of the Mayan culture, Rigoberta Menchú has dedicated her life to promoting the rights of indigenous peoples. She became active in the women’s rights movement as a teenager and later was a prominent workers’ rights advocate. In 1992 she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation for indigenous peoples in Guatemala and is the first indigenous person to receive the prize.
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UNB 2010 – 2019
INGLÊS Text III
PROF. GOOFY
GABARITO
UNB 1º / 2010 21)E 22)C 23)C 24)C 25)E 26)C 27)E 28)E 29)E 30)C
UNB 2º / 2010 1)E 2)C 3)E 4)C 5)C 6)C 7)E
Malala Yousafzai
UNB 1º / 2011
Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani advocate for girls education and the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate. In 2009, when Malala was just eleven she began blogging about life under the Taliban, speaking out directly against their threats to close girls’ schools. The blog on BBC Urdu garnered international attention while also making her the target of death threats. In October 2012, a gunman shot her and two other girls as they were coming home from school. Malala survived the attack, and, in October 2014, she received the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Indian children’s rights activist Kailash Satyart. Felicity Amos. 12 women who changed the world. Internet: (adapted).
1)C 2)C 3)C 4)C 5)E 6)E 7)E 8)E 9)E
UNB 2º / 2011 1)C 2)E 3)E 4)E 5)C 6)C
UNB 1º / 2012 1)C 2)E 3)C 4)C 5)E 6)C 7)E 8)C 9)E 10)C
UNB 2º / 2012 1)E 2)C 3)E 4)E 5)C 6)C 7)C 8)E 9)C 10)E
UNB 1º / 2013
GLOSSARY
10)C 11)E 12)E 13)E 14)E 15)E 16)E 17)C 18)E
LAUREATE – premiado GARNERED – acumular, reunir GUNMAN - atirador
UNB 2º / 2013 1)E 2)C 3)C 4)E 5)E 6)E 7)E 8)E 9)E 10)C
Judge the following items according to texts I, II and III.
UNB 2014 23) The three women described in the texts had a common goal: fighting discrimination against women. 24) Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes due to her autonomous work with radiation. 25) It is correct to infer that Rigoberta Menchú was a woman whose main concern was the welfare of indigenous peoples in her country. 26) In texts II and III, the word “advocate” indicates that both Rigoberta and Malala were lawyers. 27) In text III, the expression “the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate” means that Malala was the youngest person to win the prize in the ceremony of 2014. 28) Malala’s life was threatened because of her opinions and views against the Taliban.
20)C 21)E 22)C 23)E 24)E 25)E 26)E 27)C 28)C
UNB 2015 1)C 2)E 3)C 4)E 5)E 6)E 7)E 8)C 9)C 10)E
UNB 2016 1)C 2)E 3)C 4)C 5)C 6)E 7)E 8)E
UNB 2017 1)C 2)C 3)C 4)C 5)C 6)E
UNB 2018 21)C 22)C 23)E 24)E 25)E 26)E 27)C 28)E
UNB 2019 23)E 24)E 25)C 26)E 27)E 28)C
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