Present Perfect with For and Since

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Present Perfect with For and Since Lesson 2

For and Since For (por / para) In this context we want to use the meaning POR. Recuerden que for (por) se utiliza para la duración del tiempo. Deben de verlo como la pregunta: “How long?” / “Cuanto tiempo?” ● Normalmente siempre va terminar en ‘s’ hours, months, days, minutes, years ● Tambien veras frases como “a long time” “many years” Examples: She’s lived in Mexico for 2 years. They’ve been at the park for an hour. I’ve studied for 30 minutes. We’ve traveled for a long time. He’s been to Canada for many years. ●

Since (desde) Recuerden que since (desde) es para un tiempo muy especifico. Un inicio especifico. A specific day, month, date, time or year. Deben de verlo como la pregunta: “When?” / “Cuando?” Examples: I’ve been here since 8:00 a.m. I haven’t eaten since this morning. He’s studied for his test since Monday. They’ve lived in Portugal since 2018. We’ve explored Mexico since last Sunday.

Present Perfect: Past Time Clauses with Since Since (desde) introduces a past time clause. In other words, since introduces something that started in the past and continues into the present. Since (desde) introduce algo que empezó en el pasado y continua en el presente. Y solamente since hace esto. Entonces este se refiere a un Past Time Clause (una clausula en el tiempo pasado.) Therefore, there are two rules to follow here. 1. 2.

We are working on Present Perfect and so our main clause (the main purpose so to say) is going to be Present Perfect. The past time clause is going to be set in the past! In other words this is going to be simple past with the word SINCE introducing it first.

Hay dos reglas que recordar. 1. La clausula siempre será en el Pasado Simple porque como les comente, since introduce algo que empezó en el pasado. 2. The main clause (la clausula principal) siempre será en Presente Perfecto porque es una continuación del clausula pasado.

More Information I will now show you some examples of what I mean. Examples: She has lived in Mexico since she was 18. I’ve worked in a hospital since I graduated from University. He hasn’t visited his grandmother since he moved to another state. We’ve known Sarah since we were in college. Do you see the difference?

More Explanation

Let me explain something. Remember! Present Perfect has 3 mandatory parts! Present Perfect: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle (-ed / IRR) She

+

has

+

lived

in Mexico

Our main clause is ALWAYS (Siempre) going to be Present Perfect. Since (desde) acts as our conjunction in this scenario. It’s going to introduce the Past Time Clause! Our Past Time Clause is going to be in the Past Simple Tense! Past Simple requires only 2 main parts! Simple Past: Subject + Verb in Past Tense (-ed / IRR) She

+

was

+

18

More Options Now, since does not necessarily have to come in the middle. It can actually start from the beginning. Let me show you what I mean. She has lived in Mexico since she was 18.

Since she was 18, she has lived in Mexico.

I’ve worked in a hospital since I graduated from University. worked in a hospital.

Since I graduated from University, I’ve

He hasn’t visited his grandmother since he moved to another state. he hasn’t visited his grandmother. We’ve known Sarah since we were in college.

Since he moved to another state,

Since we were in college, we’ve known Sarah.

Both (ambos) ways are correct! As long as since goes BEFORE the Past Time Clause!

IF (Si) you start with Since (at the beginning) you MUST put a comma (,) After the final word of the Past Simple !