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Active and Passive Voice in Past Simple

Centro de Industria y de la Construcción Regional Tolima Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje Sena Ibagué 2017 GC-F -005 V. 01

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Active and Passive Voice in Past Simple Tense La mayoría de las oraciones se encuentran en voz activa normalmente, se conjugan en el tiempo verbal correspondiente, ya sea de forma afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa. Sin embargo, en ocasiones se utiliza la voz pasiva, por ejemplo: 

Cuando el sujeto es desconocido, irrelevante u obvio en el contexto.



Para hacer oraciones más corteses o formales.



Cuando la acción es más importante que el sujeto, como en un proceso, en instrucciones, eventos, reportes, encabezados, titulares o publicidad.

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Para poner énfasis en el sujeto.

Active sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure: Subject + past tense form of the verb + object

Passive sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure: Object of the active sentence + was/were + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence.

Convertir una Oración de Voz Activa a Pasiva En el ejemplo de abajo, debes analizar primero cuál es el SUJETO DE LA ORACION. Normalmente el sujeto está formado por la(s) palabra(s) que encabezan la oración, en este caso, Sandra (es decir, quien EJECUTA la acción de limpiar). En segundo lugar, debes analizar el OBJETO DE LA ORACION. Normalmente el objeto está formado por un sustantivo que sigue al verbo, en este caso, the house (es decir, donde RECAE LA ACCION, de limpieza en este caso).

Finalmente, para efectuar la conversión a voz pasiva debes cumplir tres pasos:

PASO 1. Comienza la oración con el OBJETO. PASO 2. A continuación escribe el VERBO EN PARTICIPIO PASADO. En presente simple, los participios pasados de clean son is cleaned o are cleaned. En pasado simple, los participios pasados de clean son was cleaned o were cleaned.

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PASO 3. A continuación del verbo escribe el SUJETO precedido de la preposición BY (por). Este paso suele omitirse cuando el sujeto de la oración está sobreentendido. Ejemplo: ACTIVE: They use the yen in Japan, Usan el yen en Japón; PASIVE: The yen is used in Japan (by them), El yen es usado en Japón (por ellos). En estos casos, by them se omite ya que se supone que sabes de quiénes se trata (ellos, los japoneses).

Y aquí tienes los ejemplos prácticos:

ACTIVE VOICE Sandra cleaned the house . (Sandra limpió la casa) PASSIVE VOICE

The house was cleaned by Sandra . (La casa fue limpiada por Sandra)

Changing an assertive sentence into the passive Active: He wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by him.

Active: They knew it. Passive: It was known to them.

Active: She sang a song. Passive: A song was sung by her.

Active: He loved his friends very much. Passive: His friends were loved very much by him.

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Changing a negative sentence into the passive Active: She did not know anything about it. Passive: Nothing about it was known to her.

Active: Nobody could discourage him from pursuing his path. Passive: He could not be discouraged from pursuing his path by anybody.

Active: You did not listen to me. Passive: I was not listened to by you.

Active: She did not write a story. Passive: A story was not written by her.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive Passive forms of these sentences begin with did. If the active sentence begins with a question word, the passive sentence will also begin with a question word. If the active sentence begins with who or whose, the passive sentence will begin with by whom or by whose. If the active sentence begins with whom, the passive sentence will begin with who.

Active: Did he break the window? Passive: Was the window broken by him?

Active: Where could you find such fine art? Passive: Where could such fine art be found?

Active: Why did you abuse your servant? Passive: Why was your servant abused by you?

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Active: Did anyone steal your purse? Passive: Was your purse stolen by anyone?

Active: Did anyone hurt your feelings? Passive: Were your feelings hurt by anyone?

Active: Did Alice invite you? Passive: Were you invited by Alice?

Active: Who killed the snake? Passive: By whom was the snake killed?

Active: Why did he punish you? Passive: Why were you punished by him?

Active: Whom did you laugh at? Passive: Who was laughed at by you?

http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/active-passive-voice-simple-tense/ http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/INTERMEDIATE/unit12/page2.htm

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