Osprey, Men-at-Arms #436 The Scandinavian Baltic Crusades 1100-1500 (2007) OCR 8.12

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CHRO OlOGY DAVID LINDHOLM MA was born In 1970. Ha was dUe t d at tha Univaralty of Lund In Sweden wh ra h tud d m d eval arch &ology, h atol"1 nd ethnology. H I tHe pee: Jstlnm v r ponl"1 and warfllr •

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A MIES

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EQUIPMENT OF TH SCA 0 AVIAN CRUSA ERS • TIle lillit lllti

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• 111 tht, cJo I I;:u, 'eap u • I' 0-111: additional pl1. TIli\ ..hould ag;tin. P(!rtl.lP5;. be:: rt.o.g;u'derl .1~ ;lll .lmlt~d pilgt;mage, ,inCl;' lh.... bru.lder ide;t of 'cm!>dding' - .IS a cOilling, disullCl from tJle ~1)C'("ihc e'lX'diuon ",hirh \\'t. no,", call, ,",ilh hill(l~igill. the · ........1 Cmsadt" - had not \('1 fulh dt"\doped OPPOSITE K., few numbered en""_

with modem

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12) lC.lundborg 13) SproeI") HVborg (5) Umborg (e) Vord'ngborg (1) Stockholm

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1'1 VIborg (101lCunolm (11ILand~ (12)1C~

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11et S.,.wold fSlguHU)

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CHRONOLOGY

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I()IJ5-99 Finot Crusade In tht" Ilu" I...mcl. 11lI3 Pilh'Tilllage of hill):: Frik of D~lIl1larL. to the

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for h~lp i,. lIl('' uf \Iagdebllrg, ll:l!i D'llli~h allack on lhe SI.I\' (Rug-ian) i~lalld or Rllgell. 11·17 TIll' lil'Sl 'nOnl'll.·rll CIII~;ldt." .Iw\jn~l Ilw paJ.;~\I1 B.1ILic Sl,,\~. 1168-69 KiIIK Valdemar I l,r Dcnnlal kallaI'lL.. ,Ilul conqllt'I" RiiRt:n jsland, Ilil Pup.....\h.·xand.... r III .l\ltIIOli/('~ cnl,ad(''i .1g'diIlSt the IM~n populations or the C"stC111 B.lhic (~I,l\. alII dud Finn uibc'il. IIH:l J)olllt'r.lIlian Sla\ . ~ulT('lIder to King (",lIlule IV of DennMrL... II~ httmian (Finn..) rdid tht' wcdbh cil\ of l"pJ>Slla119..~ Ilope InnocC'nt IJI duthorile'i tlu"u\oni,U1 Cruslde .tgalllott th,. e.btf'nl B."lItic I..lJaSL 12()(1 Bi."hop Alben eslabll~he.tplilC.'1..I as;l lhmlian, I~ clO\\'ned King ofllol.lIld ,lS L'ldi las II, .tHd IOllnd"'lheJ.l~idlon d\n.lSl) which ruled Pol.ulClumil If)()H. 13~ Teulonic Knights rdplure Ihe ~\\edl..,h l... l.lIld of G••Ii.md dnd r~n Samogetia from Grand Dille ..\le'Yudn \\uuu.... (\\ IIOldl of umuallia_

1-409 ");unQRt"IWb rroolt "K'"dJl\Sl rrulonit: hJti..:lus' rule. 1410 J'nl~ and Lilhuanian dr-lral Tt"llIolUc Ollleroll lhe 1);U1k nf T.tnl1enberg_ 142~ LISI Lennan crusade.... re.Jch PnlS"ld. 1·1~) Tellloruc Knigha.-. ~Ill II) defend IllInSf-ln .1S{".JlJlSl LIlt: Ouom.m TUiu. 1-I.H-66 111e Thineen Yean' \\ar bcl\\t'en Puland-Prossiau rebel .llIian,"e .mel TcutOllic KnighL'i: l'hllnlllc KlllKh~ 10)(." we'ilem Pmssi.1 btll l-elain e,lSu'm Pnl....."ia ,b \~I ..s.tl.. I)J th... Poli\h crown . •md remain indt'pench'lll in Ijvoni,l (110\\ 1...1 I\i,l.md htonial 1196 Swt."tIi..h fOITes ;Iu.lcllh(' Rli i:lIl (\III O\ilf'l fonrt'\.~ tlf h.mgurod on Ihe t'a§lt'm fronLit.'r 01 EMol1iJ I ~)(),1 Woher \'011 Pleuenbt'rg, \tl5ler of thr Teutunic NUt(lu.) m Limnia. defeats Ll:t.r h,lII II of ~fu.Ko\"\ 011 ldll· ~mCllina 1.:>61 Li\Ullia divided belween Pol;md ,lIId ')\\lodl'lI ({NllSland til I)enmilrl in 15i31.

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THE ARMIES III £'Irl) .\lcdil."\-dl and Iligh Ml'rlit'\'al ;lIIdin,n;a ,I I»~lt:lll 01 dl'fNlce lk\'t'loped which \\~I' ~li[1 large!) b;L't'1i 1m lhl' t!larat'll'ri\lil "iking Agl' dl'pl'mlt'llcc upon ..hips. II callie IU 1>1.' kIlOWI! ;" the kllllllK' ,lIld it t'llablcd a Iult'r 10 :>Ul1111lon a ~p('cificd Il1Irnlx.'1 ul Ilglltillg Illl'n from a p.u-.icular gcogrdphical region. 1\\ lhl' lillll' uf thl' llaltic Cmsade.. e,lch bullt/fI" t1i~llicl should ha\c ocell .thle to 1Il1l"'h'r lip one hllndrf'd men :tlld fOllr ",hips. and fonned p.lft of .1 1,1'ltCI region called a nwd/Uld. 11lt:' \(.,,-'\(:'I was Gllled a rtliKJrn or '~.~hdl', dlld \\.~ tcchnologicall\ .I d(.~elld.lIll 01 Ihe \'iling age \\dl'\hip. \kanwlule the no((Jland funnrd Ihe CUlt" of 11ll" Swedish lingtlolll, ,lIId (ould lllmier a... m.t11\ ;II> ~.:..W w-arriOI"i. Il\ere \\"ere. in ,tddillClIt, ;1 \aning number f,f \ulunu.-rn. The In/u"g was a \\01\ of orga.llu-jllK ,m ;lnm 10 cunp;tign UUlMde it,) 0\\11 tcmlon and, a.~ 'illch. pmn"t1 \cn u~flll lor Bahic cnl~'lding cltpc..'dllinllS. Thi:. iI'IIuflghad its roots III the- \'iking .\ge. and round in ;111 ,~calldin,l\i;ll1 COlllllril""i ,II Olll" lime or .Ill(llller. Fil.... t fonn.llil.ro ill Dt'l1molfl dlliing the finl half or lhe 11th c:'l"IlIlII'). it prO\ided a h."Jf armOur. al a tim wh n Ih W I' wid pI' ad am ngsl the knight.'> ut ranee Of enmUl . F r in tan e, in the region of ppl andslagcn dudng 111 13th . 'IILU", the 1 W T quired lhaL onl Oil man u' m vcr)' I!flllllUwl n ed acbil:vc Lh sall1~ stand.ard of miJitUt .alon 11;lh a II nl: (1111 I' tll'lllh I h IOl,d wci~lll nil id 11\ It, Ihal1 111.11 of cl "','ord. 1I h II \) C' h Irt In UI1 h,lIl I I > I ho I ith long r II Il, hand. 1h 1. lIt'I, in ,ndiml\'ian hands, mal innll I >d I h I '\ ICIPlll 'Ill or pol -ann ill Ru. . , dU,1 ,

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heing t!lt'''1 101"\ dr 1 Tll n

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and I·.I~ In l\~~, Wlwn wit'ldcd in njun liem Wllh ,I "lIit,leI it W1.1.11 andimn1a.

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Thl' Ill. This rna only fa anoen G-pt Iron-framed helme lhough his sword a line 0 d- ashloned weapon. HIS thICk fur-fl coa1 woo d have proVIded some protec IOfl

OF DANI H

VAL,

G; KING MAONU OF SWED NVAD RU lA, 13 8 01: K ng M nu Erik on at Sweden By the mld-1 th century he military equipment

0 the ruling ell e 01 Sweden and the other ScandinaVIan kingdoms as fUlly Within Ih Western European - more particularly, German - Ired, ion Cons Quen Iy mg Magnus IS shown wllh de p form 01 basctnet I a face-cov nng mal' r p h re In owered pes' lon, and a coa -of-p a as b nea h a heraldIC surcoat Under these he wears a mall hauberk, padd B e on or gambeson rerebraces vam ces nd gaun t. hIS nnour IS

IS armed with a knightly sword. a tantlal dagger. and a second sadd e5 ord beneath 1'1 p hIS saddl . In contrast hiS rse ess IS qUI simp. note ha mue 0 e I og h 0 I e ems 15 now made of chain rather than leath 5 a p~ u Ion against II getting severed In comba G2: Swedish knight In contrnst to the rmour worn by his kIng. this ordinary Swedish knight we rs old-fashioned gear, most not ely his m salve nat-topped greet helm. It Is worn over separate m II coif which protects the n c but not the should rs. n this IS the sl veless surcoal and long-sleeved mall h u IS P ad gaun em are more up- o-date. but IS armour IS ag n v ry dmonaJ In conltast hIS sword dagger and 8I'"-shea SU penSion system are In eeent s cames S' Ish baltl s a no as the FoIku Vapnet. G3: German mere nary Jud Ing by hiS arms and armour, thIS mercenary commander passing on the report of hIS scouts comes from southern rather than northern Garmany. Som degree of Ital an stylistic and technological Influence is visible, most obviously Iri his d -brimmed st i 'war-hat' helmet. In other respects hiS body armour Is similar 10 tha of King Magnus, but includes 9 ard-chaIns attaChed to the coa -0 -plates beneath his sun:oa . these III prev man losmg IS eapons In tf'1e t

uIt of battle.

IS

Sleeves. h boWs. Under

bergeon

broad tnrEle-Cluairter· extensions nd

III potnl

hIS aboc outer coverings uppel-ann rerebraces are ned with rIVeted 1/00 sp! nls hiS gaunt! 1$ nd U"ugh-covering culsses WIth seal . The fact tha scales r on the el(\enor ot t'lIS fee -prolectlng sabalaos Is pro bly matter of fashion HIS slightly cone ve heater shield Is slung on hiS back by Its long guige. He is not riding his own deslrler or war-horse while 5coutlng if1 the forest, but has selected a smaller and pert'laps more nimble local mount wi h a slmpl

natl

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Toompe Castle, the old .t part of Ih lort fie tlons 01 III city of Revel, now c 11 d Tallinn, h e pit I or EstonIa. Sa commentary Phn F. (D,Nicolle photographl

Baltic Of FinnISh hamess.

WEDISH A TACK 0 fR 55, 1496

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COVIT

I tha year S crusadEll's I ngarod 0 00 n the Rill r N rrontler 0 Estol1l

Hi: Swedish srUIl ryman By the late 15th cef1lury there had been many significant developments In European military equipment, In Scandinavia as elsewhere; not lesst was the widespread adoptIon a gunpowder weapons. H re an anilieryman pr pares 10 fire a medIum-sized cannon hich IS protected by a me eable Imber sh eld The trrlng IS done by heat I g a ou e In a c arcoa brazier th n applyln9 It a he . ouche nole or touch hole. The gunner IS prot eel by a nol

b lbous style or bnmmed ell pe 0(1

er

a

was v

pop I r In Scaodl all,a He also has a mati Ippet on his neck and Shoulders. and a long-sleeved padded nd probably scale-llned lacque worn over a mall haUberk or haubergeon. H2: Finnish era sbowman In contrast to he lightly protected gunner, this crossbowman wears aJmos complete 'whlte harness' or fully plated armour The only pIeces a are missIng are th massIve and back pia WI theJr a taehed rp-covering fauld

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