FUTURE TENSES EXERCISES

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Future (1)

E n

E¡gl

fr Context listenint You are going to hear a man called Tom having four conversations. Before you listen, look at the pictures. What do you think Tomt job is?

07

Listen and check if you were right.

As you listen, match the conversat¡ons with

the pictures.

UL¡92 Listen again and write the verbs.

-f

Conversation

7 2 3

Tom's

Conversation 3

1

plane l*nves

lt

at

1

7 I probably _ 8 I think 9I

1.05.

at Amsterdam airport at 13.40.

a meal in town.

I

on Wednesday

The conference

back in time.

breakfast in my room.

I

-

with

-

Conversation 4 badminton in a few minutes

10

Paul.

to

a

conference in Amsterdam

tomorrow mornrng. I

ln a hundred years'time, the world a very

different place.

There

-

People

my eyes tested on Saturday

afternoon. W Look at your answers to Exercise 3 and answer these quest¡ons.

- sentences are about events fixed by a rimerable? Which What tense is used? Which sentences are about act¡ons being decided or still not certain? What tense is used? Which sentences are about arrangemenrs people have made? What tense is used? Which sentences are about general predictions about the future?

What tense is used? 40

Ir

;T

at 9.30.

Conversation 2

tb

much oil available for energy. -

much longer.

J

Future

(1)

ln English, several different tenses are used to talk about the future the present simple (> see Unit 1), the present continuous (> see Unit 1), willlshall, the future continuous and going to (> see Unit 6 for going to).

I

Present simple

We use the present simple for scheduled events with a future meaning: for timetables (planes, buses, etc. leaving and arriving): My plane arrives at Amsterdam airport at 13.40.

o o o

The London train leaves in halJ on hourJrom platform 2. for programmes (when a conference, a course, a football match, a film, etc. begins and ends): The canference starts on Wednesday at 9.30. The motch ends ot aboutfive o'clock. for people if their plans are fixed by a timetable: The students have their written English exam on Monday and the oral on Tuesday. Jo starts her drama course in two weeks'time.

fl

Present cont¡nuous

We use the present continuous:

o

for plans which have already been arranged: People are travellingfrom all over the world. What are you doingtomorrow evening? l'm flyingto a conJerence in Amsterdam. (= already arranged) l'm having my eyes tested on Saturday afternoon. (= I have an appointment)

W +

?

witlfuture will + verb

They'll arrive soon.

will not + verb

They wonT arrive today.

will ... + verb?

Will they orrive soon?

ln formal English, shall is occasionally used with llwe instead of will. (> For the use of shall with offers and suggestionq see Unit 13,83-4) We use will: o for decisions made at the moment of speaking: No, octually, I'll have breokfast in my room. (he changes his mind) Thanks Jor telling me. l'll ring the ffice now. These plates aren't clean. l'l,, putthem in the dishwasher.

o

for anything which is uncertain, especially with probably, maybe, I think, I atpect and I hope: I probably wonT be back in time. I think l'll get a meal in town. I expect you'll be tired oJter the match. We hope you'll visit us again soon.

4r

Future (1)

.

for s¡tuat¡ons that we predict w¡ll happen but which are not definitely decided or arranged: ln 100 years the world will be a very dffirent place. There will be millions more people but there wonT much oil available Jor energy. (= nobody knows definitely what the world will be like in 100 years)

a hopeful

prediction)

¡

for something in the future which doesnt depend on personal judgment: l'll be 23 on my nexf birthday. (= I cant change this, it will just happen) There'll be a full moon tomorrow.

!l

E E

A co.p".", l'm taking my History exam again tomorrow. (= arranged) I'll get higher marks this time. (- not something which is arranged or decided in advance -

C

Future cont¡nuous

Qt :

:,"

| + | willbe + verb + -ing I She'll be wo*ingat7.30. | - | wittnotbe+verb*-¡nsl ShewonTbeworkingatT.30. | ? | will ... be + verb + -ing? | Will she be worWng at 7.30?

I

-

'

,-' I

|

;i , ¡l

We use the future continuous for an event which is going on at a particular time or over a period of time in the future: l'll be working ot seven o'clock. (= I will start before seven and I will cont¡nue after seven)

7Pm

l'll

{e}

_;-

be working

Tir

,ul

fir

Compare:

(= the interview begins before 6.30 and continues afterwards) 6.30

Frc Ra,

F¡o

lnterview

lnterview

begins

ends

,oh Pe{

(= the interview is arranged to begin at 6.30) 6.30

Jan

l(al Del

tw( lnterview begins

Asr

Ma Sar Lee

Car San

42

Future (1)

Grarnmar exerclses Choose the most suitable form of the verbs.

To:

Mark

Subject:

Trip

Hi Mark,

Why don't you come with us toYorkshire? lt's all arranged. Jo (1) comes / is coming to my house at six so we can go to the station together. The train (2) doesn't leave / isn't leaving until 6.45 but we don't want to be late. lt (3) sfopslrb stopping a lot on the way so it (4) doesn't arrive / isn't arriving until three in the afternoon. We l5l stay / are staying in a youth hostel and we (6) spend / are spending five days there. We can catch a bus some of the way from the station but it l7l doesn't go / isn't going all the way so we have to walk the last two miles from the village. We (8) have / are having breakfast and our evening meal at the youth hostel. lt's in a beautiful spot with lots to see. On the way back we need to set off early as there's only one bus and it l9l leaves / is leaving at 8.30. The train back is faster so it {10) arrives / is arrivingiust after lunch. Let us know if you can come. Leo

Complete these dialogues. Use the present continuous or the r¡ill future form of the verbs.

7

Tim:

Iulie Tim:

Where are you going? To the cinema. Wait for me. I think I 'W cnme

(come) with you.

2

From next week all enquiries should be sent to Mary because Frances

3

Rachel:

I

(leave) on Friday.

(g,ve) Sophie a CD for her birthday. What

(you

/

give) her? Fiona:

4

5

I

(probably get) her a new purse. She keeps losing money from her old one.

Peter:

(move) tomorrow and theret to finish packing today because we lots still to do. (corne) round tonight and help you. Don't worry. I

lames: Kay:

Never walk under a ladder or you Rubbish!

John:

I need

Details of the presidentt visit are now confirmed. He

(have) ten years' bad luck. (stay) at the Castle Hotel for

two days. Assistant: Man: Sarah: Lee:

9

We have milk chocolate, plain chocolate, with nuts, with fruit. (have) a bar of milk chocolate, please. Er ... what a lot of choice! I Uou / do) anything special next Saturday? (arrive) from ltaly so I My cousin to the airport in the afternoon to meet him.

Yes, I am.

Carol:

Have you finished

Sam:

Oh, sorry. I forgot all about it.

(drive)

that book I lent you? I

@et) it now.

43

5

Future (1)

E

§§ G) Complete the following sentences by Cambridge First candidates" Use the present simple, present cont¡nuous, will future or future continuous form of the verbs. 1 2

which We're going to Miami! This time tomorrow we

There's a special bus to the conference centre,

I

think

l*¡.ves

(leave) the hotel at 8 am.

(sit) on a boat fishing.

(apply) for a job when I have finished unir,ersir!,

I

we

'm worried about the meeting because

4

f

5

Myfriends-(have)dinneratmyhousetonightandlhaventstartedcookingyet!

6

You should meet me at 7 o'clock, the concert

7

I

8

I have

§§

(speak) English for the whole two hours.

_

_

(start) at 7:30.

can't meet you on Saturday because a cousin of mine

just bought a new bicycle, so maybe

I

Fg,

(come) from Bologna.

_

(lose) some weight.

Look at the pictures and fill in the gaps with suitable verbs in the present continuous, will future o¡

future continuous.

Ner The

The The Pec

Stur

ffiLnt ,,

Ionr'W r r^^E

HAPP\

*

*BIRTHDAY

Stur Mos Evel

Acc,

\ 0'0Q

lulq Then

I 2 3 4

wü gLve

!

I

2

Sam

3

Mv srandfather

4

I

5

At midday tomorrow

6

This time next week we

7

We

8

Maybe my father

+4

expect my parents

think

-

I

me books again for my birthday.

the doctor tomorrow morning at ten otlock so he can't meet us then. eighty on his next birthday.

_

a teacher when I grow up. I

over the Atlantic.

_

in Austria.

to lreland by ferry this summer.

_

- me

the money I need.

5

6't 7t 8t 9\

10 '\

xam p [qqj

You will hear a tutor talking to a group of students about a geography trip to New Zealand. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

GEOGRAPHY FIELD TRIP New Zealand was chosen because of the range of (1)

-

which can be seen.

over the Iast thirty years.

The first week concentrates on changes ¡n (2) The second week is spent studying the (3)

-

on the west coast.

There is a limited chance of seeing a particular kind of (4)

on the boat trip.

-

People are often not prepared for the (5)

on the west coast.

Students should try to take a photograph of the (6) Students need to write a

if possible. before they leave for New Zealand.

(71

Most students choose to go (8)

on their free weekend.

-

Everyone needs to bring at least one (9)

-

Accommodation will be in (10)

-

W

with them. for most of the trip.

Examtip

Listen for words in the recording which mean the same as the words around the gap.

Grammar focus task t[lQgJ Complete these extracts from the

Listening task with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Then listen again to check.

d¡»axLs 1 Our fligfi 2 During our first week we 3 We 4 I expect we 5 They 6 We 7 I hope you I Maybe we 9 We probably l0 We

@epart)at 10.30. (stay) in a very rural area. (gro)

on a couple of boat trips. (have) some rain.

(wait) for us.

(work) all day. @ret)

some good shots.

(see) some of the fishing boats too.

(notget) a chance to buy much. (htre) everything we need.

45

-

Future

(21

Context listeninE ffiffi

You are going to hear a man called Simon

Trite talking to a group of people on the remote and uninhabited island of Wildrock in the North Atlantic. They went there as an experiment in survival. Simon has just come to the island. Before you listen, look at the picture and answer

these questions.

7

Why do you think Simon has come to the island?

2

What do you think it is like to live on this island?

I

l_E09J Listen and check if you were right.

I lE@

Listen again and answer these questions. Stop the recording when you need to.

Wildrockl

L

How long were they going to stay on

2

Why are the people going to leave Wildrock?

3

When are they going to leave?

4

BytheendofthisweelGwhatwilltheyhaveachieved?

5

By

6

When are they going to eat a big hot meal?

7

Who

I

gear

the end of this week, how long will they have been living on Wildrock?

is

going to stay on the island? Why?

Look at Exercise 3 and answer these questions.

Which ouestions refer onlv to the future? Which ouestion

is

about old olans which have been chansed?

Which questions are about actions which are incomplete now but will be comolete at some future time?

46

{or aL l,et'sL *

t

E

goiinsto

| + lamlislaregoingta+verb ll'mgoingtoleave. | - | amlklare not goingto + verb I rn"y'r" not goingto leave. | ? | amlislare ... goingto + verb? | Are you goingto leave?

I

I

|

It is often possible to usegoing to to express the future instead of the present cont¡nuous or will (> see Unit 5). Goingto is used extremely often in everyday speech. ln formal and written English, will andthe present renses are generally used more often than going to. We usegoing to: for future actions which we have already decided about.

.

Compare: We're goingto pack up our stuff, we're goingto send a message to the mainland ond we're goingto leave. (= the speaker says they already have a clear plan) Oh dear! We canl get everything in the boat. We'll leave this stuff behind. (= the speaker decides at rhat moment) (> see Unit 5) I'm going ta buy a new phone at the weekend because I lost my old one last week and nobody's found it. (= the speaker has decided to replace his phone because he doesnt expect it to be found) Look at this phone - it's reolly cheap. I think I'll buy it. (= the speaker has just seen this phone and is making the decision as he speaks)

.

to predict something, when we already see evidence for our prediction: It's going to rain soon. (= the speaker knows itt going to rain because he can see the clouds) I'm goingto enjoy this meal. (= the speaker can see some delicious food on her plate) There are many situations when either goingto or will can be used for predictions with no real difference in meaning.

Pronunciation noteigoingto is often pronounced gonna.You may see it spelt this way in comic books and Pop songs.

ff

Future in the past(waslwere goingta)

We use was/were goingto:

o

to talk about someth¡ng which was planned but did not or will not happen: You were goingto stay herefor at least a year. (= but now you have changed your mind)

r

to show that we dont mind changing our plans:

Jim:

ffi

Well, I wos going

to wokh

a

film. (= Jim may forget about the film if

Ben suggests a more exciring idea)

Present tenses after time coniunct¡ons

ln clauses referring to future time and beginning with when, until, before, aJter and os soon as we use:

.

a present tense (for actions at the same time as the other verb or

following the other verb):

+7

Future (2)

o

the present perfect (for actions completed before the other verb): And we're not going to talk to any reporters until we've had a long sleep. l'm going to have a shower after I've answered these emails.

Sometimes we can use either a present or present perfect tense with the sarrc

ll

i,

!É,

:t" v

Future perfect simple and future perfect continuous

We use the future perfect simple to say that an action will be complete before a point of time in the future. lt usual to mention the point in time:

| + | will have been + verb + -ing I By one o'clock,l'll have been waitingJor three hours. | - | will not have been + verb + -ing I She won't have been waiüngfor long. | ? | will ... have been + verb + -ing? | Will they have been waiüngfor a longtime?

is

I

I

|

We use the future perfect continuous to emphasise how long an action will have lasted at a point in the future. It is usually necessary to mention the point of time and the length of time: By the end oJ this week, we'll hqve been living here for six months. l'll have been cyclingJor three hours by lunchtime. State verbs (> see Unit 1, 83) are not used in the future perfect continuous.

E

il¡t

C

+ rt_ Ir_

Ar

2100. u

to beaboutto

Br 1

l j

I

| ?

| amlislare... aboutto + verb? | Are you aboutto go out?

We use to be about to to talk about something which

is

|

5

going to happen almost immediately and for which

we are already prepared:

6 \rrÉ

ln informal language, the negat¡ve often means'do not intend to'do something: We aren't obout to chonge the rules just because you don't like them. (= we refuse to change the rules just because you don't like them)

48

Grammar exercise§ f!

Look at these pictures and predict what is going to happen. Complete the first sentence usinggoíng to and the secon d using about to.

,@,, t

,

She

They

He

She

They

He

It

She

It

She

4lt It

!!

These are a researcherl notes, with predictions about how the world will have changed by the year 2100. Use the notes to write sentences in the future perfect simple.

É t É2 e 3 4 5 6

human beings robots

we

I travel/ to Mars

I replace / most manual

luse

workers

/ all the oil resources on Earth

doctors / discover I a cure for the cornmon cold scientists / invent / new sources of energy sea temperatures

Human bdngs

/ rise I by several degrees

will ha,ve tra,vd)xA tn l,lta¡s.

+9

6

Future

(2)

Choose the correct sentence from each pair.

P >i

r_É qÉ ,.-t

l'm not going to pay you until you have cleaned up all this messl l'm not going to pay you until you'll have cleaned up all this messl Paul

will probably arrive after all the others will have started work.

Paul

will probably arrive after all the others have started work.

ÁrÉ!i

\

r

úSr

É,

When you'll see Davi{ will you ask him if he wants to come to the cinema? When you see Davi{ will you ask him if he wants to come to the cinema?

B€tfi

l'll collect your things from the cleaners when I go to the shops tomorrow.

i{ik*

l'll collect your things from the cleaners when l'll go to the shops tomorrow.

Margarett going to phone

as soon as she'll have

Margarett going to phone

as soon as she's

found out what the tickets will cost. Terr¡

found out what the tickets will cost.

E#v These people work in a hotel.

ltt now 12 otlock.

At

2

otlock, how long will they have been working?

Write a sentence about each person, using the future perfect continuous.

§

¿?

Terry

É

Eddyi

§ d r§ §€

á

B

_j§

drl

B€ff

\

[tary

§

Ben:

Chloe

0

\tr \

a

0 0 0

chef / cook meals (started work at eight otlock)

'fhe üert w'ü ha.ve bex,n garden er

cooktng nenLs

tor

sLx hours.

I cut hedges (started work at ten otlock)

r@

Do yor holida'

l'll tell Some

I

When manager

I interview

new staff (started work at eight thirty)

She is I

comPa

When, waitress / serve customers in the dining room (started work at eleven otlock)

cleaner / vacuum floors (started worn

5o

",

***Or*)

l need

l

Fiil in the gaps

*irh rhe correct form of the verbs. Use goingto, future in the

past, the present

imple, abont to or dre ñnre p€rftct

A John: Sue

What are your plans for the weekend? Well, we've just changed our plans, actually. We

(1) wese got:r.g tn have (have)

on Sunday. But the weather forecast says ¡t (2) (stay) indoors and watch a film. we (3)

B Beth: Nick

ls I

a barbecue

(be) cold and windy, so

it all right for you to use the boss's office while he's on holiday?

dont think he'll mind when he (a)

(find out) how many cars l've sold

this week.

C Terry: Eddy:

Are you very busy this afternoon? Well, that depends on why you're asking. | (5)

(wash) the car. Do you

have a better idea?

Terry:

Yes. I

(6)

(look round) the new sports club. Do you want to come? You

can wash the car tomorrow.

D

Lett go.

Eddy:

Sure.

Ben:

Hurry up! We (7)

Mary:

Don't be silly. We've got plenty of time.

Ben:

But it starts at nine. lwant to arrive before the hall (8) @et) full, (take) all the good seats by the time we get otherwise other people (9)

(miss) the beginning of the concert.

there.

E Chloe:

Next month I (10)

(work) in this office for three years. Nobody has (start) looking for

ever thanked me for anything l've done, so I (1 1)

anotherjob!

Ín @ Correct the mistakes in the following sentences by Cambridge Firct candidates. 1 Do you remember am going to buy a computer with the money I earned in the I

holidays? Well, I changed my mind and l've bought a bike! 2

t'll tell you all about it as soon as ! will see you.

3

Some scientists say by the year 3000 women will take over the world.

4

When he will come to my house I will ask him to fix my TV.

5

She is retiring next month, so this

time next year she will have been leaving the

company. 6

When you are going to finish the job, the invoice will be paid.

7

I need the money today because I will buy a present

for my sister after college.

5r

Exam practice

E:

:

c\ You are going to read an article about young people who have stan": :-: ' :,,, - 3-s resses. For questions 1-10, choose from the people (A-D). The people may be chosen ,rnc's :-a' :-:s,

Which person

FI

advises not giving up at an early stage? is doing something in a way they didn't expect?

mentions an advantage they sometimes have over other people in their busiress? went through a period when they felt unable to cope? realises that their own ways of doing things might not always be the best? realises that their fascination with their present business may not last? says their success has not followed a steady path?

mentions how determined they are when they decide to do something? received positive encouragement to start their own business? became aware of how much knowledge they already had in a particular area?

¡ STARTED

ETI FTI

DA

rTT_l

FTI

rr] tlT-l

FTI FTI

trT-l

MY OWN BUS¡NESS

1

We talked to four young people who started successfu/ busrhesses when they were teenagerc 2

A

Santiago has a business designing websites

I was going to do a course in graphic design when I left school but I started doing websites for some of my dad's friends when I was about 17 and realised I had acquired a lot of expertise from doing the school website. Since then I've hardly been without work. I once had a client who didn't find out my age until after they had hired me and they mentioned that they might not have hircd me if they had known my age. But l've also often had clients who have done so because of my age so it can work in my favour. When I asked them why, they said it was because they wanted a 'fresh, younger approach' to business.

B

Lucas started a magazine about skateboarding

I wanted to do something that nobody else around me was doing and I love writing so I started my own magazine. l'm like my dad - if he says he's going to do something, nothing will get in the way of that. I started the magazine when I was 13, so by the end of this year l'll have produced 24 editions in four years. At one point recently, I wondered if it was putting too much strain on me with homework and everything. I thought I might have to stop, despite the fact that the magazine was doing well, but I got through that by asking for help from my family and I bounced back. l'll move on to something else if I get bored with it - maybe a blog or something related - but forthe moment I stillfind it inspiring.

52

3 4 5

6 7

I

G

Yana has a business maHng üdeos of musicians

Young and inexperienced go together in a lot of people's minds but that's not the way I see it. lt's a kind of prejudice. I've certainly come up against it and most young people will face some prejudice before anyone recognises their talent and expertise. When I left school I told my parents I didn't want to go to college. I wanted to be creative and make videos. They told me to give it a go and if it didn't work out after ayear, I could reconsider my options. They thought I would always regret it otherwise. I'm not sure I would have gone ahead without them behind me. Some people say, 'This isn't a success and I've been trying for a week' but you have to give it more of a chance. Next month I will have been making videos for a year and they're now getting thousands of hits a day online.

D

Annie has a photography business

You won't know until you try whether a business will work. lt's like riding a roller coaster at the funfair. At every turn you take there is another twist to throw you off track. The lows for me have. been loq but the highs can be really high and l'm now where I want to be. There will be times, though, when you need to accept advice.

lf you're still in or just through those teen years and you think you know everything, it's difficult to say to somebody 'You're right about that. How can I improve the way l'm doing this?' lt's not something l'm really comfortable with but I've figured out that it is really important if I want to succeed. I always knew I wanted to do something I felt passionate about - and that's photography. I really wasn't interested in business but I ended up starting my own just so I could spend my time doing what I enjoy.

Without looking back at the text above, complete these extracts with the conect form of the verbs.

1 I

wa,É gomg tp

(do) a course in graphic design but I started doing websites.

2

If he says he

3

By the end of this year

4

l'll move on to- something else when

5

Most young people will face some prejudice before anyone (recogntse) their talent and expertise.

6

Next month

7

You won't know until you

I

There will be times, though, when you

(do) something, nothing will get in the way of that.

(produce) 24 editions in four years.

I

(gef) bored with it.

I

I

(make) videos for a year.

(tü

whether a business will work. (need) to accept advice.

s3