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Wall Centre Construction Ltd.
Confined Space Identification and Hazard Assessment
Exhaust Ventilation Shafts – New Construction Only
Owner: Wall Centre Financial
Location: Shannon Mews, 1525 West 57th Avenue (Granville & 57th Avenue), Vancouver
Assessed by: Neil McManus, CIH, ROH, CSP NorthWest OH&S Tel: 604-980-8512 Date: 2015-05-21
underground working?
designed/ intended for continuous human occupancy?
large enough and configured for entry to perform work?
Confined Space?
Yes
» All entries bold?
enclosed or partially enclosed?
No
Yes
Description: open-topped, vertically oriented, structures of poured concrete connecting the various levels of the parking garage with the atmosphere. These structures vary in height and horizontal cross-section. These structures typically have an air intake located in the wall of the parking garage and a vertical chamber that discharges at grade. The intake is a grille or bank of filters that partially defines the boundary surface. The structure can contain a chamber within a chamber. The chambers provide surface to support filters and dampers and direct air into the vertical shaft chamber through which removal and discharge to atmosphere occur.
Exterior Surroundings: open airspace at the top of the structure. Vehicles and fuel-powered equipment normally are not present
No
limited or restricted entry or exit?
Yes
Yes
Access/Egress: access opening in the end wall and interior wall (interior chamber) measuring about 75 cm by 75 cm. ladder or ladder from the top.
Contents: water from rain and snow, groundwater and occasionally tidewater possible depending on elevation above sea level, construction debris, leaves and other organic debris possible; insects, spiders and small animals possible. Additional materials including chemical products surreptitiously disposed and sharps (hypodermic syringes) possible. Presence of manmade items depends on the ability of site security to enforce the anti-trespass mandate.
Adjacent Spaces: levels of the parking garage
Equipment: motorized dampers, exhaust fans
Function/Use: conduct exhaust gases removed by the exhaust fans to the surface for discharge
Process: not applicable
Downgrading Conditions: none foreseen
Potential Impact on Work Activity: none foreseen
Notes: C at the time of this work mechanical and electrical equipment was not active. Piping was not pressurized and sewer lines were not tied in C when in service, preparation for this work may require isolation and lockout.
Hazard Assessment — Undisturbed Space This hazard assessment considers potentially hazardous conditions present or that can develop in these spaces during activities of new construction. This hazard assessment provides the basis for identifying control measures required prior to entry and work. C Atmospheric Hazards Oxygen Deficiency Possible Oxygen deficiency can occur in these structures, both open-topped and enclosed, but only through a limited number of mechanisms that may or may not apply in a specific situation. These include oxidation of metal surfaces, aging of reactive surfaces through oxidation, respiration by microorganisms, off-gassing of large quantities of vapour or gases from surfaces and vapours from liquids that displace and/or dilute the existing atmosphere, and adsorption by reactive surfaces.
Development of oxygen-deficient conditions in a structure requires quiescence (quiet) and the passage of considerable time. Passage of time is possible during construction following pouring, curing and removal of formwork The space can accumulate water from rain and snow and debris that have entered through the open top. The previous requirements are unlikely to occur in these structures owing to the fact that this is new construction and that the structure is often clean and dry. However, this assertion is not a guarantee and can never be seen as such. There are many examples in industry of unventilated spaces fabricated from poured concrete in which oxygen deficiency occurs only under special circumstances usually following incursion of moisture and organic debris. On the other hand, the dry tombs in Egypt illustrate that structures can remain sealed with artifacts containing organic materials for long periods without becoming oxygen-deficient. Fresh, wet concrete is believed capable of absorbing oxygen during the curing process, although this is subject to confirmation. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that an oxygen-deficient condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of the oxygen sensor, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Oxygen Enrichment
No
Bio/Chemical Possible Airborne biochemical and chemical agents result from a limited number of mechanisms. These include migration into the space of gases and vapours through porous soils that surround the boundary surface, evaporation of volatile substances present in residues of materials adhering to surfaces, evaporation from surfaces of volatile substances in products used in the space, production of toxic substances by welding, burning, cutting and possibly grinding, products of combustion produced in the space or such as engine exhaust that enter through ventilation, emission into the airspace from failed piping and other contained structures, and products of respiration by microorganisms. Boundary surfaces in this space are not likely sources of emission of gases and vapours from the soil. Hydrocarbons and solvents from spills and deliberate disposals can evaporate into the airspace of the structure. Extent of evaporation and risk posed by inhalation depends on the nature of the product, including vapour pressure (evaporation rate) and toxicological properties. The presence of vapours from substances foreign to the structure is usually unpredictable unless an accident or incident or incident involving a spill is known to have occurred in the immediate vicinity. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet, if available, for further information. The presence of these substances in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons. Exhaust gases from portable and mobile equipment could be present in the area of the structure where this work is occurring and entry of these gases into the structure is possible in air provided for ventilation. This situation is more likely in cool weather when exhaust gases generated near grade cool rapidly and can enter sub-grade structures. Exhaust from gasoline engines contains carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Exhaust from vehicles is less of a problem at this time due to use of catalytic converters in the exhaust system. Small engines used in generator sets, pumps and other small portable units usually lack catalytic converters, and as a result, are major sources of exposure to exhaust, especially where the geometry of the structure prevents dispersion. Exhaust from diesel engines contains nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Prevention of exposure to exhaust gases occurs most simply through use of an exhaust stack extension that discharges vertically at 2.5 m above grade, well above the heads of people at grade, or higher, as needed. Positioning this equipment well away (10 m) and downwind from the work zone are additional means to minimize exposure. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that a hazardous atmospheric condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of sensors in monitoring instruments, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Fire/Explosion
No
C Micro/Biological Possible Microbiological activity reflects the presence of organic debris (leaves and other materials) that act as a food source for microorganisms. Spores produced by fungi and bacteria can trigger immune responses in sensitized individuals. Potential for presence of organic debris in a particular location depends on the time-line of the construction sequence and its relative position on the time-line of growth during the year, proximity of sources of these materials to the space, the extent of opening, and temperature and availability of moisture. Accumulation and potential growth ranges upward from zero and depends on coverage of openings to prevent entry of debris. C Ingestion/Skin & Eye Contact Hazard Possible These spaces can contain sharps, usually in the form of discarded hypodermic syringes and needles . Hypodermic syringes and needles discarded into the space are potential sources of exposure to HIV and hepatitis viruses. HIV can survive a week outside the body, and hepatitis viruses, up to three months. The presence of these devices in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons.
C Physical Agents Noise/Vibration Possible Operation of portable tools and equipment and portable ventilation equipment creates noise levels that can impair communication and possibly exceed regulatory limits. The interior of the space is reflective to sources of sound energy. Heat/Cold Stress No These structures are partially outdoors. Outdoor structures are subject to the rigours of the weather. Resulting conditions can include hypothermia for much of the year due to the rain and heat illnesses in summer due to sun exposure. Work in these environments poses about the same risk from the weather as work in the open. Non/Ionizing Radiation
No
Laser
No
C Personal Confinement Yes These spaces can be confining because of narrow width and length of the interior passage. Entry requires vertical climb by ladder down from the top or entry from the base of the structure through the access opening in the side wall. This geometry restricts access and egress although there is sufficient room inside for unrestricted movement. Headroom is not an issue in these spaces. C Bio/Mechanical Hazard
No
C Hydraulic/Pneumatic/Vacuum Hazard
No
C Process Hazard
No
C Safety Hazards Rundown/Strikedown
No
Structural Hazard
No
Engulfment/Immersion No Accumulation of water can occur in these structures from snow and rainfall and groundwater and surface drainage, and occasionally, depending on location, tidewater. Drowning of a prone individual can occur in 15 cm of water. Entanglement Possible Use of lifelines by the entrant could pose an entanglement risk because of the presence of internal obstacles. Unimpeded vertical lift up to and through the access opening using a winch may not be possible because of the geometry of the space. Removal of an injured worker from the space may require horizontal movement to a lifting point where attachment of the lifting cable or rope would occur. Electrical/Electrostatic
No
Fall Yes Fall into these spaces is a serious concern because of depth. Fall prevention through installation of railings around openings in top surfaces is essential for safe work. Slip/Trip
No
Visibility/Light level Interior of space has no lighting. Lighting level is sufficient when one can read this document unaided.
Yes
Explosive/Implosive
No
Hot/Cold Surfaces
No Hazard Assessment — Undisturbed Space
Hazardous Condition Low *
C atmospheric hazards oxygen deficiency oxygen enrichment bio/chemical fire/explosion C micro/biological C ingestion/skin & eye contact C physical agents noise/vibration
x NA x NA x x x
Real or Potential Consequence Moderate High *
*
heat/cold stress non/ionizing radiation laser C personal confinement C bio/mechanical hazard C hydraulic/pneumatic/vacuum hazard C process hazard C safety hazards rundown/strikedown structural engulfment/immersion entanglement electrical/electrostatic fall slip/trip visibility/light level explosive/implosive hot/cold surfaces
NA NA NA x NA NA NA NA NA x NA NA x NA x NA NA
In this table, toxic substance, oxygen deficiency, oxygen enrichment and flammable or combustible atmosphere derive their meaning from Exposure Limits and standards contained in the OH&S Regulation. NA means not applicable. Action Required C Install a stack on the exhaust discharge from portable and mobile fuel-powered equipment. The stack should terminate at least 2.5 m above grade and discharge exhaust vertically. C Provide mechanical ventilation and purge the interior of the space with ambient air during preparation for occupancy. C Pump accumulated water from the space. C Provide fall protection around perimeter openings into the space. C Provide temporary lighting for work during dark conditions.
Hazard Assessment — Work Tasks Involving Exhaust Ventilation Shafts – New Construction Only This hazard assessment considers potentially hazardous conditions present in the space or that can develop during activities of new construction. These activities include inspection, general clean-up, concrete work including chipping, drilling, bush hammering, grinding and sanding, jackhammering, sacking grouting, benching, and installation of coatings and lining materials on the floor. This hazard assessment provides the basis for identifying control measures required prior to entry and work. C Hot Work
No
C Atmospheric Hazards Oxygen Deficiency No Oxygen deficiency can occur in these structures, both open-topped and enclosed, but only through a limited number of mechanisms that may or may not apply in a specific situation. These include oxidation of metal surfaces, aging of reactive surfaces through oxidation, respiration by microorganisms, off-gassing of large quantities of vapour or gases from surfaces and vapours from liquids that displace and/or dilute the existing atmosphere, and adsorption by reactive surfaces. Development of oxygen-deficient conditions in a structure requires quiescence and the passage of considerable time. Passage of time is possible during construction following pouring, curing and removal of formwork The space can accumulate water from rain and snow and debris that have entered through access openings. The previous requirements are unlikely to occur in these structures owing to the fact that this is new construction. However, this assertion is not a guarantee and can never be seen as such. There are many examples in industry of unventilated spaces fabricated from poured concrete, in which oxygen deficiency occurs only under special circumstances usually following incursion of moisture and organic debris. On the other hand, the dry tombs in Egypt illustrate that structures can remain sealed with artifacts containing organic materials for long periods without becoming oxygen-deficient. Fresh, wet concrete is believed capable of absorbing oxygen during the curing process, although this is subject to confirmation. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that an oxygen-deficient condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of the oxygen sensor, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Continuous mechanical ventilation and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. The alarm setting on the oxygen sensor of 20.5% will prevent exposure to an oxygen-deficient condition (19.5%). Refer to the Ventilation Assessment for further discussion. Oxygen Enrichment
No
Bio/Chemical Possible Airborne biochemical and chemical agents result from a limited number of mechanisms. These include migration into the space of gases and vapours through porous soils that surround the boundary surface, evaporation of volatile substances present in residues of materials adhering to surfaces, evaporation from surfaces of volatile substances in products used in the space, production of toxic substances by welding, burning, cutting and possibly grinding, products of combustion produced in the space or such as engine exhaust that enter through ventilation, emission into the airspace from failed piping and other contained structures, and products of respiration by microorganisms. Boundary surfaces in this space are not likely sources of emission of gases and vapours from the soil. Hydrocarbons and solvents from spills and deliberate disposals can evaporate into the airspace of the structure. Extent of evaporation and risk posed by inhalation depends on the nature of the product, including vapour pressure (evaporation rate) and toxicological properties. The presence of vapours from substances foreign to the structure is usually unpredictable unless an accident or incident or incident involving a spill is known to have occurred in the immediate vicinity. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet, if available, for further information. The presence of these substances in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons. Exhaust gases from portable and mobile equipment could be present in the area of the structure where this work is occurring and entry of these gases into the structure is possible in air provided for ventilation. This situation is more likely in cool weather when exhaust gases generated near grade cool rapidly and can enter sub-grade structures. Exhaust from gasoline engines contains carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Exhaust from vehicles is less of a problem at this time due to use of catalytic converters in the exhaust system. Small engines used in generator sets, pumps and other small portable units usually lack catalytic converters, and as a result, are major sources of exposure to exhaust, especially where the geometry of the structure prevents dispersion. Exhaust from diesel engines contains nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Prevention of exposure to exhaust gases occurs most simply through use of an exhaust stack extension that discharges vertically at 2.5 m above grade, well above the heads of people at grade, or higher, as needed. Positioning this equipment well away (10 m) and downwind from the work zone are additional means to minimize exposure. Concrete, grout products, cement, and brick contain quartz, a form of crystalline silica. Tasks during concrete work that generate airborne dust and exposure to silica include, chipping, drilling, bush hammering, grinding and sanding, jackhammering, sacking grouting, and benching. These tasks are short in duration relative to the length of the work day. Portland cement and cementitious grouts are highly powdered. Quartz in the respirable form (particles smaller than 10 µm) is an ALARA substance to which WorkSafeBC requires exposure to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of 0.025 mg.m3 averaged over 8 hours. Dust suppression using wet methods and dust collection are required. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet for further information. The coating Contractor reports that they do not intend to use a primer in this application and intend to use BASF coating HLM 5000 or Henry Company BAKOR 790-11 on pressure-washed concrete. BASFcoating HLM 5000 is a solvent-based, asphalt containing, moisture-curing polyurethane product according to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The MSDS reports that the product contains Stoddart solvent, light aromatic solvent naphtha, hydrotreated heavy naphthenic petroleum distillates and 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene as the solvent blend. The product also contains a very small quantity of an ingredient described as ‘toluene di-isocyanate mix’ and an undisclosed resin that constitutes about 70% of the container of the product. Further examination of the MSDS indicates that it contains very small quantities of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene di-isocyanate. This is consistent with an isocyanate resin. The MSDS reports that irritation is likely to pose the greatest concern following uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an ever-present risk with polyurethane products containing isocyanates. Many amines are allergic sensitizers and the MSDS indicates this possibility. Roll-on application will occur in this circumstance. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. The MSDS for Henry Company BAKOR 790-11 Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt indicates that this product is hot applied to horizontal and vertical surfaces. The product is used in conjunction with a fabric reinforcing layer and a primer. Primers in use with the products include Bakor 910-01 Primer or Bakor 930-18 Primer. Bakor 910-01 contains 1-chloro, 2-trifluromethyl benzene and Stoddart solvent. These substances are irritants and can cause typical solvent effects including drowsiness. Refer to the MSDS for this product for further information. Bakor 930-18 contains a high proportion of toluene. Toluene is an irritant and produces typical solvent effects by inhalation. Refer to the MSDS for this product for further information. Bakor 790-11 is applied hot. At these temperatures, vapours of asphalt readily enter the air. Asphalt vapours are irritating. Emission of hydrogen sulphide is also possible because of the presence of sulphur as an ingredient in the mixture. Refer to the MSDS for this product for further information. CIM 1000 is a two-part polyurethane coating. The Activator contains Diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate (MDI), Modified MDI, and triethyl phosphate. The MSDS for the product indicates that allergic sensitization is likely to pose the greatest concern following
uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an everpresent risk with isocyanates. The MSDS also indicates potential capability of MDI to cause cancer and birth defects in laboratory animals. The MSDS also indicates the potential capability of MDI and ethyl phosphate to cause mutagenic effects in laboratory effects in laboratory animals. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers and mutagenic substances as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. The second component of CIM 1000 is the Premix. The Premix contains petroleum asphalt, amine compounds, and aromatic petroleum distillates. The MSDS reports that irritation is likely to pose the greatest concern following uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an ever-present risk with polyurethane products containing isocyanates. Many amines are allergic sensitizers and the MSDS indicates this possibility. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. This work occurs using roller application. The roller is mounted on a long pole. Controlled use of ventilation can prevent contact with airborne droplets of the coating. Continuous mechanical ventilation and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that a hazardous atmospheric condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of sensors in monitoring instruments, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Continuous mechanical ventilation and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. Refer to the Ventilation Assessment for further discussion. Fire/Explosion No The flash point of the solvent mix in BASF coating HLM 5000 is 49E C. This product poses a fire risk only following direct contact with hot surfaces. The installation plan for the coating is for four workers to roll on the coating. Two workers will work at each end of the larger structure and work toward the middle where the access/egress opening is located. The workers will apply coating to the end- and sidewalls of the structure to a height of about 0.6 m. The floor is to remain uncoated until the last step. When coating of the walls is complete, coating of the floor will occur from the ends toward the middle and the access/egress opening. Unneeded workers will vacate the space as coating application nears the middle. The flash point of the solvent in Bakor 930-18 is 6E C. During the summer months, temperatures easily exceed the temperature of the flash point. Control of vapour emissions through ventilation is essential to prevent fire. The flash point of the solvent mix in CIM 1000 Premix is 39E C. Blending with the Activator will increase this slightly in the mixture to be applied to the concrete. Use of thinners such as toluene or xylene in these products must not occur as this will reduce the flash point of the solvent mixture in these products. Heating of these products above room temperature (20E C to 22E C) prior to application must not occur. Continuous mechanical ventilation providing very high air exchange and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. This work will occur at temperatures only a few degrees above 0E C. C Micro/Biological Possible Microbiological activity reflects the presence of organic debris (leaves and other materials) that act as food source for microorganisms. Spores produced by fungi and bacteria can trigger immune responses in sensitized individuals. Potential for presence of organic debris in a particular location depends on the time-line of the construction sequence and its relative position on the time-line of growth during the year, proximity of sources of these materials to the space, the extent of opening, and temperature and availability of moisture. Accumulation and potential growth ranges upward from zero and depends on coverage of openings to prevent entry of debris. The space is to be powerwashed to remove all contaminants from the concrete prior to transfer to the coating Contractor. Powewashing creates droplets of liquid potentially containing vegfetative microorganisms and spores. Surfaces must be dry for proper adhesion of the coating. Removal of water will occur prior to the start of work. C Ingestion/Skin & Eye Contact Hazard Yes These spaces can contain sharps, usually in the form of discarded hypodermic syringes and needles. Hypodermic syringes and needles discarded into the space are potential sources of exposure to HIV and hepatitis viruses. HIV can survive a week outside the body, and hepatitis viruses, up to three months. The presence of these devices in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons. The space is to be powerwashed to remove all contaminants from the concrete prior to transfer to the coating Contractor. Powerwashing aerosolizes spores present on surfaces of concrete. Aerosolized spores can provoke allergic reactions in the eyes and respiratory system. Grouts and cement powders and concrete slurry have high pH when wet and are extremely irritating to membranes in the eye and surface of the cornea and the skin and are capable of causing chemical burns.
The MSDS for Bakor 910-01 indicates that the liquid and vapour can cause severe eye and skin irritation and burns and leading to permanent eye damage. High concentrations of vapour are irritating to the respiratory system. The MSDS for Bakor 930-18 indicates that the liquid and vapour can cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. The MSDSs for the other coatings report that irritation is likely to pose the greatest concern following uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an ever-present risk with polyurethane products containing isocyanates. Many amines are allergic sensitizers and the MSDS indicates this possibility. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. This work occurs using roller application. The roller is mounted on a long pole. Controlled use of ventilation can prevent contact with airborne droplets of the coating. Applicators normally wear disposable suits and gloves when working with these products. C Physical Agents Noise/Vibration Possible Operation of portable tools and equipment and portable ventilation equipment creates noise levels that can impair communication and possibly exceed regulatory limits. The interior of the space is reflective to sources of sound energy. Heat/Cold Stress No These structures are partially outdoors. Outdoor structures are subject to the rigours of the weather. Resulting conditions can include hypothermia for much of the year due to the rain and heat illnesses in summer due to sun exposure. Work in these environments poses about the same risk from the weather as work in the open. Non/Ionizing Radiation
No
Laser
No
C Personal Confinement Yes These spaces can be confining because of narrow width and length of the interior passage. Entry requires vertical climb by ladder down from the top or entry from the base of the structure through the access opening in the side wall. This geometry restricts access and egress although there is sufficient room inside for unrestricted movement. Headroom is not an issue in these spaces. C Bio/Mechanical Hazard Postures required for work on all surfaces in the structure pose a risk of musculoskeletal injury.
Yes
C Hydraulic/Pneumatic/Vacuum Hazard Yes Powerwashing poses an injection hazard (up to 5000 lb/in2). Fluid injected into the tissues in this manner follows an unpredictable path. This path can damage tissues under the skin. This kind of injury requires prompt attention from an experienced medical practitioner, as there is a risk of gangrene and loss of the limb. The risk of gangrene is related to the delay in receiving proper medical attention. C Process Hazard
No
C Safety Hazards Rundown/Strikedown
No
Structural Hazard
No
Engulfment/Immersion No Accumulation of water can occur in these structures from snow and rainfall and groundwater and surface drainage, and occasionally, depending on location, tidewater. Drowning of a prone individual can occur in 15 cm of water. Removal of accumulated water will occur prior to the start of work. Surfaces must be dry for proper adhesion of the coating. Entanglement Possible Use of lifelines by the entrant could pose an entanglement risk because of the presence of internal obstacles. Unimpeded vertical lift up to and through the access opening using a winch may not be possible because of the geometry of the space. Removal of an injured worker from the space may require horizontal movement to a lifting point where attachment of the lifting cable or rope would occur. Electrical/Electrostatic Possible Portable electric tools containing faulty, inappropriate or deteriorated wiring or components pose an electrocution hazard. The space can contain conductive surfaces that can provide a path to ground. This situation is no different from work that occurs in non-confined work locations. Fall No Fall into these spaces is a serious concern because of depth. Fall prevention through installation of railings around openings in top surfaces is essential for safe work. Installation of fall protection will occur prior to commencing work. Slip/Trip
No
Visibility/Light level No Interior of space has no lighting. Interior of space has no lighting. Lighting level is sufficient when one can read this document unaided. Supplementary lighting will be provided, as needed. Temporary lighting must not make contact with the coating. This product poses a fire risk only following direct contact with hot surfaces. The installation plan for the coating is for four workers to roll on the coating Explosive/Implosive
No
Hot/Cold Surfaces Yes Bakor 790-11 is applied hot. Serious thermal burn can occur during contact or the liquid product with unprotected skin. The heat retention properties of the molten product exacerbate this situation. Thermal burn can occur following prolonged contact of substances at 45E C or higher with the skin.
Hazardous Condition
Work Tasks Involving Exhaust Ventilation Shafts – New Construction Only Real or Potential Consequence Low Moderate High *
C hot work C atmospheric hazards oxygen deficiency oxygen enrichment bio/chemical fire/explosion C micro/biological C ingestion/skin & eye contact C physical agents noise/vibration heat/cold stress non/ionizing radiation laser C personal confinement C bio/mechanical hazard C hydraulic/pneumatic/vacuum hazard C process hazard C safety hazards rundown/strikedown structural engulfment/immersion entanglement electrical/electrostatic fall slip/trip visibility/light level explosive/implosive hot/cold surfaces
*
*
NA NA NA x NA x x x NA NA NA x x x NA NA NA NA x x NA NA NA NA x
In this table, toxic substance, oxygen deficiency, oxygen enrichment and flammable or combustible atmosphere derive their meaning from Exposure Limits and standards contained in the OH&S Regulation. NA means not applicable. Action Required Refer to the entry and work procedure.
Wall Centre Construction Ltd.
First Aid Assessment
Ventilation Exhaust Shafts – New Construction Only –
Owner: Wall Centre Financial
Work Location: 1525 West 57th Avenue (Granville & 57th Avenue), Vancouver
Project:: Shannon Mews
Number of Workers: 2 to 3
Assessed by: Neil McManus, CIH, ROH, CSP NorthWest OH&S Tel: 604-980-8512 Date: 2015-05-21
Work Activity:
Probable Incident/Accident:
Probable Injury:
C work on construction sites
C rundown by mobile crane, slip, trip, strike by moving objects
C broken bones, soft tissue injury
C lifting and moving tools, equipment, supplies
C slip, trip, fall, overexertion, fall from ladder
C broken bones, soft tissue injury, muscle strain
C powerwashing
C slip, trip, overexertion, suction injury involving vacuum system, foreign object in the eye
C soft tissue injury, muscle strain, back injury, broken bones, corneal scratch
C chipping, drilling, bush hammering, grinding and sanding, jackhammering, sacking, grouting, and benching
C dust and material in the eye, skin contact with hot surface, overexposure to noise
C soft tissue injury, muscle strain, back injury, temporary hearing loss
C grouting and concrete work
C slip, trip, overexertion, foreign object in the eye, contact with the substance
C soft tissue injury, muscle strain, back injury, chemical burn in the eye, eye injury, skin burn
C lining and coating
C slip, trip, overexertion, contact with undried coating
C muscle strain, chemical burn in the eye, eye injury, skin irritation, chemical and thermal burn
Workplace Hazard Rating: high risk (This rating applies to the industry and not necessarily to the work to be performed.)
Types of Work Activity/Accidents: typical of industry; refer to hazard assessment
Types of Injury: typical of industry; some types require hospital treatment
Rating Modification Factors: possible need to package victim in a basket stretcher on worksite for transfer to roadway
FAA Required: one, Level 1 minimum + transportation endorsement
FAA Selected: one Level 3 and one Level 2 provided by the prime contractor
Site Access Issues: refer to Site Emergency plan
Nearest Hospital: refer to the site specific emergency response plan
Alternate Hospital: refer to the sitespecific emergency response plan
Route to Hospital:
Route to Hospital:
Estimated Distance:
Estimated Distance:
Estimated Travel Time:
Estimated Travel Time:
Transportation Issues:
Transportation Issues:
Title: Corporate Health & Safety Manager
Date: 2015-05-21
External Emergency Response: FIRE and AMBULANCE through 911 service
Transportation: provincial Ambulance Service, company vehicle, taxi, industrial ambulance; varies with location
Implementation Name: Sarah Dickson
Comments: C refer to the site-specific emergency response plan for detail.
This document is for the use of Wall Centre Construction Ltd. and is not to be reproduced.
Wall Centre Construction Ltd.
Permit Required: No
Confined Space Procedure
Work Tasks in Cast-inPlace, Water Storage Structures – New Construction Only
Pgm Admin: Sarah Dickson Tel: xxx-yyy-zzzz Cell/Pgr: 778-896-4648
At time of entry, atmosphere is expected to be low hazard and not to exceed moderate hazard during work activity. Space contains no requirement for lockout or isolation nor is there a risk of immersion of engulfment.
Prepared by: N. McManus, CIH, ROH, CSP NorthWest OH&S
Site Contact: to be determined Tel: xxx-yyy-zzzz Cell/Pgr: xxx-yyy-zzzz
Date: 2015-05-21
Equipment Required
Co-ordination of Work Activities
Tel: 604-980-8512
Sub-Contractor: C on arrival at the site, contact the Superintendent, Wall Centre Construction or designate, to inform about work activity and to determine constraints imposed by site conditions and actions of other Sub-Contractors C co-ordinate emergency communication with the Superintendent, Wall Centre Construction for summoning assistance in the event of an accident C operating vehicles and fuelpowered equipment C stack extensions C barriers C secondary barricades, barrier tape, warning signs
All Workers C keep operating vehicles and fuel-powered portable equipment at least 10 m downwind from the entry to the space and intake of ventilating equipment to prevent entry of exhaust gases C install stack extensions on the point of emission of exhaust from mobile or portable equipment containing engines and combustion sources to discharge at least 2.5 m above grade in a vertical direction C erect primary barriers around the perimeter/circumference of the work zone to prevent falls C as needed to keep bystanders away from the area while work is occurring, erect secondary barriers C at the end of the work or the workshift, replace access covers or barricade access to the work platform, as appropriate
Equipment Required
Isolation & Lockout
C not applicable
C not applicable
Equipment Required
Cleaning, Purging, Venting or Inerting
C Americ VAF 3000, 2091 ft3/min free air delivery C duct, clamps
C locate the fan outside the space in the parkade in a source of clean, respirable air and operate as a supply unit C direct airflow from outside the space through the duct to the bottom of the space C do NOT operate fan(s) in exhaust mode during work with coatings containing flammable solvents C ventilate for 5 minutes prior to the start of work C when testing (see below) indicates that the atmosphere in the space poses no hazard, entry can occur and work can begin
Equipment Required
Verification & Testing
C atmosphere testing instrument (to be determined) containing sensors for oxygen, flammable/combustibles, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide C calibration kit C additional instrument containing a sensor for carbon dioxide where exposure to gases from combustion is possible. This is not a normal requirement. C additional instrument containing sensor for nitrogen dioxide (Note: Monitoring for nitrogen dioxide is required where exposure to diesel exhaust can occur. If one can smell diesel, one must monitor it. The converse also applies.)
C calibrate or bump test the instrument at the beginning of the workshift or immediately before use, per the manufacturer’s instructions. Persons calibrating and operating the instrument must have appropriate training. Keep records of calibration and testing. C measure conditions progressively downward to the bottom of the space at the access opening and progressively through the space through which access/egress will occur, and extrication will occur in the event of an emergency or accident. Remember that there is a delay in response as air is pumped into the instrument. C measure conditions in the work area, as described C record these readings and readings obtained periodically during work activity
C entry and work in the space without respiratory protection for gases can occur only if the following conditions are met: Entry Work Activity/Alarm Setting oxygen: 20.9 or 21.0% 20.5 % or greater flammable/combustibles: 0 % of LEL 5 % of LEL or less carbon monoxide: 0 ppm 25 ppm or less carbon dioxide: ~400 ppm 5000 ppm nitrogen dioxide: 0 ppm 1.0 ppm or less hydrogen sulphide: 0 ppm 10 ppm or less toluene: 0 ppm 20 ppm or less C if these conditions are not met prior to entry, continue ventilating the space for 10 minutes and retest. If these conditions cannot be met, this situation must be reevaluated. C the entrant must wear the instrument at all times while in the space, and must vacate in the event that the alarm sounds. If an alarm sounds, the standby shall order the entrant(s) to vacate the space immediately. C at the end of the workshift record all data provided by the instrument (peak, TWA, STEL, occurrence of alarms) Equipment Required
C Americ VAF 3000, 2091 ft3/min free air delivery C duct, clamps
Equipment Required
Ventilation C for continuation of work from day to day, leave the fan and duct in position, as described, and restart the fan at the beginning of the work period C ventilate for 5 minutes prior to entry C if the equipment is dismantled, reassemble as follows C locate the fan outside the space in the parkade in a source of clean, respirable air and operate as a supply unit C direct airflow from outside the space through the duct to the bottom of the space C do NOT operate fan(s) in exhaust mode during work with coatings containing flammable solvents C ensure that solvent vapours escape through the top of the space to atmosphere and not into the parkade and the work area C ventilate for 5 minutes prior to the start of work C when testing (see below) indicates that the atmosphere in the space poses no hazard, entry can occur and work can begin C work toward clean air Personal Protective Equipment & Other Precautions
C hard hat, safety glasses + sideshields, hearing protection (muffs or plugs) when noise sources are present, work clothing, protective gloves. Powerwashing requires a faceshield in addition to the above. Disposable suit required during coating preparation and application. Refer to the MSDS for specific information.
C all persons working in the space require personal protective equipment, as specified. Personal protective equipment shall comply with requirements of the respective certifying and testing agencies, CSA (Canadian Standards Association) and ANSI (American National Standards Institute).
C brush or roll application: NIOSHapproved full-facepiece respirator containing organic vapour + HEPA filter cartridges
C in view of the information available, respiratory protection is required when coating work is occurring as a means to protect the eyes and skin of the face against splashes and the possible presence of vapour in the air. In the event that this strategy does not provide sufficient protection, this situation requires re-evaluation. Refer to the MSDS for the product for specific information
C supplemental lighting
C supplemental lighting must contain shielding to prevent contact between the light source and the air and liquid of the coating C the light source must not make contact with the coating at any time C do NOT operate fan(s) in exhaust mode during work with coatings containing flammable solvents at any time
C GFCIs
C all electrical circuits require Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) C position electrical cords and cables off the floor of the space to prevent damage
Equipment Required
Personal Hygiene & Decontamination
C portable eyewash, ANSI-compliant eyewash
C portable eyewash must be immediately available for use during work that creates a known eye hazard C continue flushing the eye after extrication using the ANSI-compliant eyewash
C soap, water
C wash hands, face and exposed skin with soap and water prior to eating, drinking or smoking
Equipment Required
Lifelines, Harnesses & Lifting Equipment
C harness (dorsal D-ring for fall or shoulder D-rings for lift only):
C a harness is necessary for vertical extrication. The harness is to assist in extrication of an injured worker. Tethering is required at all times during work while suspended in a bosun’s chair. C when multiple workers are present, one worker or the First Aid Attendant may put the harness onto the injured worker following an injury. This situation requires entry by the First Aid Attendant. The First Aid Attendant must wear the same protective equipment as other workers during such an action. C tethering is not required during normal performance of work on walking surfaces. C a fellow worker or a rescue person (see below) entering to assess the condition of an injured worker and to assist the person to the lifting point for extrication also could attach the harness to the lifting cable C for horizontal extrication, use a spine board or basket stretcher to immobilize the injured worker and pass the device containing the injured worker through the access opening in the wall. C inspect all equipment for damage before use. Remove damaged equipment from service.
C fall restraint device:
C used in conjunction with a vertical retrieval system for ladder entry where fall injury is a concern
C retrieval system: tripod or davit arm, man-rated winch
C retrieval device required for removing the injured victim from the space up the ramp C attach the lifting device to a structure capable of withstanding the imposed load C practice the extrication to ensure that this concept is feasible and functional
Equipment Required
Standby Person
C cellular telephone, two-way radio, airhorn
C standby person must maintain periodic contact with the entrant. Closer surveillance is needed when equipment noise makes communication difficult. Standby must have training in monitoring duties, initiating emergency response, operation of retrieval equipment and removal of injured victims using this equipment. C the standby person does not enter the space until or unless relieved by a second standby.
Equipment Required
Rescue
C cellular telephone, two-way radio, airhorn
C Wall Centre Construction has trained and maintains through practice a rescue team within each work crew C rescue personnel have training in first aid and CPR, and activities related to handling a packaged victim in a basket stretcher or spine board, directing emergency response personnel, and operating extrication equipment C rescue team members assist the First Aid Attendant C to initiate the emergency response, the Standby calls on the radio, indicates the occurrence of the emergency and exact location C the First Aid Attendant/Construction Safety Officer and Site Superintendent proceed to the scene of the accident to assess the situation C unnecessary work ceases C as appropriate, the First Aid Attendant/Construction Safety Officer directs a call to request assistance from AMBULANCE and FIRE through the 911 service C the First Aid Attendant sizes up the situation to determine the possible nature of the injury and determines actions that are feasible in the circumstances for extrication. C if the testing instrument(s) in the space is/are not alarming and no other hazardous condition has arisen, the First Aid Attendant can enter the space to assess the condition of the victim and to determine whether serious injury has occurred and whether serious injury has occurred to the head, neck or back. If serious injury has not occurred and does not involve the head, neck or back, the victim may be assisted to the entry and removed from the space by the human-rated lifting device. C if the victim cannot move or be moved without further injury from the space, the victim is to rest in place, comforted as much as possible by rescue personnel until packaging can occur
This document is for the use of Wall Centre Construction Ltd. and is not to be reproduced. References McManus, Neil: Safety and Health in Confined Spaces. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999. McManus, Neil: Portable Ventilation Systems Handbook. New York and London: Taylor & Francis, 2000. McManus, Thomas Neil: Management of Hazardous Energy: Deactivation, De-Energization, Isolation, and Lockout. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/ Taylor & Francis, 2012.
Confined Space Identification and Hazard Assessment
Exhaust Ventilation Shafts – New Construction Only
Owner: Wall Centre Financial
Location: Shannon Mews, 1525 West 57th Avenue (Granville & 57th Avenue), Vancouver
Assessed by: Neil McManus, CIH, ROH, CSP NorthWest OH&S Tel: 604-980-8512 Date: 2015-05-21
underground working?
designed/ intended for continuous human occupancy?
large enough and configured for entry to perform work?
Confined Space?
Yes
» All entries bold?
enclosed or partially enclosed?
No
Yes
Description: open-topped, vertically oriented, structures of poured concrete connecting the various levels of the parking garage with the atmosphere. These structures vary in height and horizontal cross-section. These structures typically have an air intake located in the wall of the parking garage and a vertical chamber that discharges at grade. The intake is a grille or bank of filters that partially defines the boundary surface. The structure can contain a chamber within a chamber. The chambers provide surface to support filters and dampers and direct air into the vertical shaft chamber through which removal and discharge to atmosphere occur.
Exterior Surroundings: open airspace at the top of the structure. Vehicles and fuel-powered equipment normally are not present
No
limited or restricted entry or exit?
Yes
Yes
Access/Egress: access opening in the end wall and interior wall (interior chamber) measuring about 75 cm by 75 cm. ladder or ladder from the top.
Contents: water from rain and snow, groundwater and occasionally tidewater possible depending on elevation above sea level, construction debris, leaves and other organic debris possible; insects, spiders and small animals possible. Additional materials including chemical products surreptitiously disposed and sharps (hypodermic syringes) possible. Presence of manmade items depends on the ability of site security to enforce the anti-trespass mandate.
Adjacent Spaces: levels of the parking garage
Equipment: motorized dampers, exhaust fans
Function/Use: conduct exhaust gases removed by the exhaust fans to the surface for discharge
Process: not applicable
Downgrading Conditions: none foreseen
Potential Impact on Work Activity: none foreseen
Notes: C at the time of this work mechanical and electrical equipment was not active. Piping was not pressurized and sewer lines were not tied in C when in service, preparation for this work may require isolation and lockout.
Hazard Assessment — Undisturbed Space This hazard assessment considers potentially hazardous conditions present or that can develop in these spaces during activities of new construction. This hazard assessment provides the basis for identifying control measures required prior to entry and work. C Atmospheric Hazards Oxygen Deficiency Possible Oxygen deficiency can occur in these structures, both open-topped and enclosed, but only through a limited number of mechanisms that may or may not apply in a specific situation. These include oxidation of metal surfaces, aging of reactive surfaces through oxidation, respiration by microorganisms, off-gassing of large quantities of vapour or gases from surfaces and vapours from liquids that displace and/or dilute the existing atmosphere, and adsorption by reactive surfaces.
Development of oxygen-deficient conditions in a structure requires quiescence (quiet) and the passage of considerable time. Passage of time is possible during construction following pouring, curing and removal of formwork The space can accumulate water from rain and snow and debris that have entered through the open top. The previous requirements are unlikely to occur in these structures owing to the fact that this is new construction and that the structure is often clean and dry. However, this assertion is not a guarantee and can never be seen as such. There are many examples in industry of unventilated spaces fabricated from poured concrete in which oxygen deficiency occurs only under special circumstances usually following incursion of moisture and organic debris. On the other hand, the dry tombs in Egypt illustrate that structures can remain sealed with artifacts containing organic materials for long periods without becoming oxygen-deficient. Fresh, wet concrete is believed capable of absorbing oxygen during the curing process, although this is subject to confirmation. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that an oxygen-deficient condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of the oxygen sensor, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Oxygen Enrichment
No
Bio/Chemical Possible Airborne biochemical and chemical agents result from a limited number of mechanisms. These include migration into the space of gases and vapours through porous soils that surround the boundary surface, evaporation of volatile substances present in residues of materials adhering to surfaces, evaporation from surfaces of volatile substances in products used in the space, production of toxic substances by welding, burning, cutting and possibly grinding, products of combustion produced in the space or such as engine exhaust that enter through ventilation, emission into the airspace from failed piping and other contained structures, and products of respiration by microorganisms. Boundary surfaces in this space are not likely sources of emission of gases and vapours from the soil. Hydrocarbons and solvents from spills and deliberate disposals can evaporate into the airspace of the structure. Extent of evaporation and risk posed by inhalation depends on the nature of the product, including vapour pressure (evaporation rate) and toxicological properties. The presence of vapours from substances foreign to the structure is usually unpredictable unless an accident or incident or incident involving a spill is known to have occurred in the immediate vicinity. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet, if available, for further information. The presence of these substances in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons. Exhaust gases from portable and mobile equipment could be present in the area of the structure where this work is occurring and entry of these gases into the structure is possible in air provided for ventilation. This situation is more likely in cool weather when exhaust gases generated near grade cool rapidly and can enter sub-grade structures. Exhaust from gasoline engines contains carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Exhaust from vehicles is less of a problem at this time due to use of catalytic converters in the exhaust system. Small engines used in generator sets, pumps and other small portable units usually lack catalytic converters, and as a result, are major sources of exposure to exhaust, especially where the geometry of the structure prevents dispersion. Exhaust from diesel engines contains nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Prevention of exposure to exhaust gases occurs most simply through use of an exhaust stack extension that discharges vertically at 2.5 m above grade, well above the heads of people at grade, or higher, as needed. Positioning this equipment well away (10 m) and downwind from the work zone are additional means to minimize exposure. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that a hazardous atmospheric condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of sensors in monitoring instruments, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Fire/Explosion
No
C Micro/Biological Possible Microbiological activity reflects the presence of organic debris (leaves and other materials) that act as a food source for microorganisms. Spores produced by fungi and bacteria can trigger immune responses in sensitized individuals. Potential for presence of organic debris in a particular location depends on the time-line of the construction sequence and its relative position on the time-line of growth during the year, proximity of sources of these materials to the space, the extent of opening, and temperature and availability of moisture. Accumulation and potential growth ranges upward from zero and depends on coverage of openings to prevent entry of debris. C Ingestion/Skin & Eye Contact Hazard Possible These spaces can contain sharps, usually in the form of discarded hypodermic syringes and needles . Hypodermic syringes and needles discarded into the space are potential sources of exposure to HIV and hepatitis viruses. HIV can survive a week outside the body, and hepatitis viruses, up to three months. The presence of these devices in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons.
C Physical Agents Noise/Vibration Possible Operation of portable tools and equipment and portable ventilation equipment creates noise levels that can impair communication and possibly exceed regulatory limits. The interior of the space is reflective to sources of sound energy. Heat/Cold Stress No These structures are partially outdoors. Outdoor structures are subject to the rigours of the weather. Resulting conditions can include hypothermia for much of the year due to the rain and heat illnesses in summer due to sun exposure. Work in these environments poses about the same risk from the weather as work in the open. Non/Ionizing Radiation
No
Laser
No
C Personal Confinement Yes These spaces can be confining because of narrow width and length of the interior passage. Entry requires vertical climb by ladder down from the top or entry from the base of the structure through the access opening in the side wall. This geometry restricts access and egress although there is sufficient room inside for unrestricted movement. Headroom is not an issue in these spaces. C Bio/Mechanical Hazard
No
C Hydraulic/Pneumatic/Vacuum Hazard
No
C Process Hazard
No
C Safety Hazards Rundown/Strikedown
No
Structural Hazard
No
Engulfment/Immersion No Accumulation of water can occur in these structures from snow and rainfall and groundwater and surface drainage, and occasionally, depending on location, tidewater. Drowning of a prone individual can occur in 15 cm of water. Entanglement Possible Use of lifelines by the entrant could pose an entanglement risk because of the presence of internal obstacles. Unimpeded vertical lift up to and through the access opening using a winch may not be possible because of the geometry of the space. Removal of an injured worker from the space may require horizontal movement to a lifting point where attachment of the lifting cable or rope would occur. Electrical/Electrostatic
No
Fall Yes Fall into these spaces is a serious concern because of depth. Fall prevention through installation of railings around openings in top surfaces is essential for safe work. Slip/Trip
No
Visibility/Light level Interior of space has no lighting. Lighting level is sufficient when one can read this document unaided.
Yes
Explosive/Implosive
No
Hot/Cold Surfaces
No Hazard Assessment — Undisturbed Space
Hazardous Condition Low *
C atmospheric hazards oxygen deficiency oxygen enrichment bio/chemical fire/explosion C micro/biological C ingestion/skin & eye contact C physical agents noise/vibration
x NA x NA x x x
Real or Potential Consequence Moderate High *
*
heat/cold stress non/ionizing radiation laser C personal confinement C bio/mechanical hazard C hydraulic/pneumatic/vacuum hazard C process hazard C safety hazards rundown/strikedown structural engulfment/immersion entanglement electrical/electrostatic fall slip/trip visibility/light level explosive/implosive hot/cold surfaces
NA NA NA x NA NA NA NA NA x NA NA x NA x NA NA
In this table, toxic substance, oxygen deficiency, oxygen enrichment and flammable or combustible atmosphere derive their meaning from Exposure Limits and standards contained in the OH&S Regulation. NA means not applicable. Action Required C Install a stack on the exhaust discharge from portable and mobile fuel-powered equipment. The stack should terminate at least 2.5 m above grade and discharge exhaust vertically. C Provide mechanical ventilation and purge the interior of the space with ambient air during preparation for occupancy. C Pump accumulated water from the space. C Provide fall protection around perimeter openings into the space. C Provide temporary lighting for work during dark conditions.
Hazard Assessment — Work Tasks Involving Exhaust Ventilation Shafts – New Construction Only This hazard assessment considers potentially hazardous conditions present in the space or that can develop during activities of new construction. These activities include inspection, general clean-up, concrete work including chipping, drilling, bush hammering, grinding and sanding, jackhammering, sacking grouting, benching, and installation of coatings and lining materials on the floor. This hazard assessment provides the basis for identifying control measures required prior to entry and work. C Hot Work
No
C Atmospheric Hazards Oxygen Deficiency No Oxygen deficiency can occur in these structures, both open-topped and enclosed, but only through a limited number of mechanisms that may or may not apply in a specific situation. These include oxidation of metal surfaces, aging of reactive surfaces through oxidation, respiration by microorganisms, off-gassing of large quantities of vapour or gases from surfaces and vapours from liquids that displace and/or dilute the existing atmosphere, and adsorption by reactive surfaces. Development of oxygen-deficient conditions in a structure requires quiescence and the passage of considerable time. Passage of time is possible during construction following pouring, curing and removal of formwork The space can accumulate water from rain and snow and debris that have entered through access openings. The previous requirements are unlikely to occur in these structures owing to the fact that this is new construction. However, this assertion is not a guarantee and can never be seen as such. There are many examples in industry of unventilated spaces fabricated from poured concrete, in which oxygen deficiency occurs only under special circumstances usually following incursion of moisture and organic debris. On the other hand, the dry tombs in Egypt illustrate that structures can remain sealed with artifacts containing organic materials for long periods without becoming oxygen-deficient. Fresh, wet concrete is believed capable of absorbing oxygen during the curing process, although this is subject to confirmation. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that an oxygen-deficient condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of the oxygen sensor, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Continuous mechanical ventilation and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. The alarm setting on the oxygen sensor of 20.5% will prevent exposure to an oxygen-deficient condition (19.5%). Refer to the Ventilation Assessment for further discussion. Oxygen Enrichment
No
Bio/Chemical Possible Airborne biochemical and chemical agents result from a limited number of mechanisms. These include migration into the space of gases and vapours through porous soils that surround the boundary surface, evaporation of volatile substances present in residues of materials adhering to surfaces, evaporation from surfaces of volatile substances in products used in the space, production of toxic substances by welding, burning, cutting and possibly grinding, products of combustion produced in the space or such as engine exhaust that enter through ventilation, emission into the airspace from failed piping and other contained structures, and products of respiration by microorganisms. Boundary surfaces in this space are not likely sources of emission of gases and vapours from the soil. Hydrocarbons and solvents from spills and deliberate disposals can evaporate into the airspace of the structure. Extent of evaporation and risk posed by inhalation depends on the nature of the product, including vapour pressure (evaporation rate) and toxicological properties. The presence of vapours from substances foreign to the structure is usually unpredictable unless an accident or incident or incident involving a spill is known to have occurred in the immediate vicinity. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet, if available, for further information. The presence of these substances in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons. Exhaust gases from portable and mobile equipment could be present in the area of the structure where this work is occurring and entry of these gases into the structure is possible in air provided for ventilation. This situation is more likely in cool weather when exhaust gases generated near grade cool rapidly and can enter sub-grade structures. Exhaust from gasoline engines contains carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Exhaust from vehicles is less of a problem at this time due to use of catalytic converters in the exhaust system. Small engines used in generator sets, pumps and other small portable units usually lack catalytic converters, and as a result, are major sources of exposure to exhaust, especially where the geometry of the structure prevents dispersion. Exhaust from diesel engines contains nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), unburned fuel vapour and particulates. Prevention of exposure to exhaust gases occurs most simply through use of an exhaust stack extension that discharges vertically at 2.5 m above grade, well above the heads of people at grade, or higher, as needed. Positioning this equipment well away (10 m) and downwind from the work zone are additional means to minimize exposure. Concrete, grout products, cement, and brick contain quartz, a form of crystalline silica. Tasks during concrete work that generate airborne dust and exposure to silica include, chipping, drilling, bush hammering, grinding and sanding, jackhammering, sacking grouting, and benching. These tasks are short in duration relative to the length of the work day. Portland cement and cementitious grouts are highly powdered. Quartz in the respirable form (particles smaller than 10 µm) is an ALARA substance to which WorkSafeBC requires exposure to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of 0.025 mg.m3 averaged over 8 hours. Dust suppression using wet methods and dust collection are required. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet for further information. The coating Contractor reports that they do not intend to use a primer in this application and intend to use BASF coating HLM 5000 or Henry Company BAKOR 790-11 on pressure-washed concrete. BASFcoating HLM 5000 is a solvent-based, asphalt containing, moisture-curing polyurethane product according to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). The MSDS reports that the product contains Stoddart solvent, light aromatic solvent naphtha, hydrotreated heavy naphthenic petroleum distillates and 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene as the solvent blend. The product also contains a very small quantity of an ingredient described as ‘toluene di-isocyanate mix’ and an undisclosed resin that constitutes about 70% of the container of the product. Further examination of the MSDS indicates that it contains very small quantities of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene di-isocyanate. This is consistent with an isocyanate resin. The MSDS reports that irritation is likely to pose the greatest concern following uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an ever-present risk with polyurethane products containing isocyanates. Many amines are allergic sensitizers and the MSDS indicates this possibility. Roll-on application will occur in this circumstance. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. The MSDS for Henry Company BAKOR 790-11 Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt indicates that this product is hot applied to horizontal and vertical surfaces. The product is used in conjunction with a fabric reinforcing layer and a primer. Primers in use with the products include Bakor 910-01 Primer or Bakor 930-18 Primer. Bakor 910-01 contains 1-chloro, 2-trifluromethyl benzene and Stoddart solvent. These substances are irritants and can cause typical solvent effects including drowsiness. Refer to the MSDS for this product for further information. Bakor 930-18 contains a high proportion of toluene. Toluene is an irritant and produces typical solvent effects by inhalation. Refer to the MSDS for this product for further information. Bakor 790-11 is applied hot. At these temperatures, vapours of asphalt readily enter the air. Asphalt vapours are irritating. Emission of hydrogen sulphide is also possible because of the presence of sulphur as an ingredient in the mixture. Refer to the MSDS for this product for further information. CIM 1000 is a two-part polyurethane coating. The Activator contains Diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate (MDI), Modified MDI, and triethyl phosphate. The MSDS for the product indicates that allergic sensitization is likely to pose the greatest concern following
uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an everpresent risk with isocyanates. The MSDS also indicates potential capability of MDI to cause cancer and birth defects in laboratory animals. The MSDS also indicates the potential capability of MDI and ethyl phosphate to cause mutagenic effects in laboratory effects in laboratory animals. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers and mutagenic substances as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. The second component of CIM 1000 is the Premix. The Premix contains petroleum asphalt, amine compounds, and aromatic petroleum distillates. The MSDS reports that irritation is likely to pose the greatest concern following uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an ever-present risk with polyurethane products containing isocyanates. Many amines are allergic sensitizers and the MSDS indicates this possibility. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. This work occurs using roller application. The roller is mounted on a long pole. Controlled use of ventilation can prevent contact with airborne droplets of the coating. Continuous mechanical ventilation and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. None of the preceding factors is predictable in a particular circumstance to the extent needed to guarantee that a hazardous atmospheric condition cannot or will not develop. One statement that is reasonable in these circumstances is that conditions created by ventilation using portable equipment and ascertained through atmospheric testing and very conservative setting of the alarm level of sensors in monitoring instruments, in the absence of other measures, will not change during occupancy. Continuous mechanical ventilation and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. Refer to the Ventilation Assessment for further discussion. Fire/Explosion No The flash point of the solvent mix in BASF coating HLM 5000 is 49E C. This product poses a fire risk only following direct contact with hot surfaces. The installation plan for the coating is for four workers to roll on the coating. Two workers will work at each end of the larger structure and work toward the middle where the access/egress opening is located. The workers will apply coating to the end- and sidewalls of the structure to a height of about 0.6 m. The floor is to remain uncoated until the last step. When coating of the walls is complete, coating of the floor will occur from the ends toward the middle and the access/egress opening. Unneeded workers will vacate the space as coating application nears the middle. The flash point of the solvent in Bakor 930-18 is 6E C. During the summer months, temperatures easily exceed the temperature of the flash point. Control of vapour emissions through ventilation is essential to prevent fire. The flash point of the solvent mix in CIM 1000 Premix is 39E C. Blending with the Activator will increase this slightly in the mixture to be applied to the concrete. Use of thinners such as toluene or xylene in these products must not occur as this will reduce the flash point of the solvent mixture in these products. Heating of these products above room temperature (20E C to 22E C) prior to application must not occur. Continuous mechanical ventilation providing very high air exchange and continuous atmospheric testing will occur during this work. This work will occur at temperatures only a few degrees above 0E C. C Micro/Biological Possible Microbiological activity reflects the presence of organic debris (leaves and other materials) that act as food source for microorganisms. Spores produced by fungi and bacteria can trigger immune responses in sensitized individuals. Potential for presence of organic debris in a particular location depends on the time-line of the construction sequence and its relative position on the time-line of growth during the year, proximity of sources of these materials to the space, the extent of opening, and temperature and availability of moisture. Accumulation and potential growth ranges upward from zero and depends on coverage of openings to prevent entry of debris. The space is to be powerwashed to remove all contaminants from the concrete prior to transfer to the coating Contractor. Powewashing creates droplets of liquid potentially containing vegfetative microorganisms and spores. Surfaces must be dry for proper adhesion of the coating. Removal of water will occur prior to the start of work. C Ingestion/Skin & Eye Contact Hazard Yes These spaces can contain sharps, usually in the form of discarded hypodermic syringes and needles. Hypodermic syringes and needles discarded into the space are potential sources of exposure to HIV and hepatitis viruses. HIV can survive a week outside the body, and hepatitis viruses, up to three months. The presence of these devices in a space reflects the ability of security to prevent intrusion onto the site during off-hours by unauthorized persons. The space is to be powerwashed to remove all contaminants from the concrete prior to transfer to the coating Contractor. Powerwashing aerosolizes spores present on surfaces of concrete. Aerosolized spores can provoke allergic reactions in the eyes and respiratory system. Grouts and cement powders and concrete slurry have high pH when wet and are extremely irritating to membranes in the eye and surface of the cornea and the skin and are capable of causing chemical burns.
The MSDS for Bakor 910-01 indicates that the liquid and vapour can cause severe eye and skin irritation and burns and leading to permanent eye damage. High concentrations of vapour are irritating to the respiratory system. The MSDS for Bakor 930-18 indicates that the liquid and vapour can cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. The MSDSs for the other coatings report that irritation is likely to pose the greatest concern following uncontrolled exposure to the skin or eyes. Allergic sensitization of the eyes, nasal passages, respiratory system and the skin is an ever-present risk with polyurethane products containing isocyanates. Many amines are allergic sensitizers and the MSDS indicates this possibility. WorkSafeBC designates allergic sensitizers as ALARA substances, to which exposure is to be maintained as low as reasonably achievable below the exposure limit of the causative agent. This work occurs using roller application. The roller is mounted on a long pole. Controlled use of ventilation can prevent contact with airborne droplets of the coating. Applicators normally wear disposable suits and gloves when working with these products. C Physical Agents Noise/Vibration Possible Operation of portable tools and equipment and portable ventilation equipment creates noise levels that can impair communication and possibly exceed regulatory limits. The interior of the space is reflective to sources of sound energy. Heat/Cold Stress No These structures are partially outdoors. Outdoor structures are subject to the rigours of the weather. Resulting conditions can include hypothermia for much of the year due to the rain and heat illnesses in summer due to sun exposure. Work in these environments poses about the same risk from the weather as work in the open. Non/Ionizing Radiation
No
Laser
No
C Personal Confinement Yes These spaces can be confining because of narrow width and length of the interior passage. Entry requires vertical climb by ladder down from the top or entry from the base of the structure through the access opening in the side wall. This geometry restricts access and egress although there is sufficient room inside for unrestricted movement. Headroom is not an issue in these spaces. C Bio/Mechanical Hazard Postures required for work on all surfaces in the structure pose a risk of musculoskeletal injury.
Yes
C Hydraulic/Pneumatic/Vacuum Hazard Yes Powerwashing poses an injection hazard (up to 5000 lb/in2). Fluid injected into the tissues in this manner follows an unpredictable path. This path can damage tissues under the skin. This kind of injury requires prompt attention from an experienced medical practitioner, as there is a risk of gangrene and loss of the limb. The risk of gangrene is related to the delay in receiving proper medical attention. C Process Hazard
No
C Safety Hazards Rundown/Strikedown
No
Structural Hazard
No
Engulfment/Immersion No Accumulation of water can occur in these structures from snow and rainfall and groundwater and surface drainage, and occasionally, depending on location, tidewater. Drowning of a prone individual can occur in 15 cm of water. Removal of accumulated water will occur prior to the start of work. Surfaces must be dry for proper adhesion of the coating. Entanglement Possible Use of lifelines by the entrant could pose an entanglement risk because of the presence of internal obstacles. Unimpeded vertical lift up to and through the access opening using a winch may not be possible because of the geometry of the space. Removal of an injured worker from the space may require horizontal movement to a lifting point where attachment of the lifting cable or rope would occur. Electrical/Electrostatic Possible Portable electric tools containing faulty, inappropriate or deteriorated wiring or components pose an electrocution hazard. The space can contain conductive surfaces that can provide a path to ground. This situation is no different from work that occurs in non-confined work locations. Fall No Fall into these spaces is a serious concern because of depth. Fall prevention through installation of railings around openings in top surfaces is essential for safe work. Installation of fall protection will occur prior to commencing work. Slip/Trip
No
Visibility/Light level No Interior of space has no lighting. Interior of space has no lighting. Lighting level is sufficient when one can read this document unaided. Supplementary lighting will be provided, as needed. Temporary lighting must not make contact with the coating. This product poses a fire risk only following direct contact with hot surfaces. The installation plan for the coating is for four workers to roll on the coating Explosive/Implosive
No
Hot/Cold Surfaces Yes Bakor 790-11 is applied hot. Serious thermal burn can occur during contact or the liquid product with unprotected skin. The heat retention properties of the molten product exacerbate this situation. Thermal burn can occur following prolonged contact of substances at 45E C or higher with the skin.
Hazardous Condition
Work Tasks Involving Exhaust Ventilation Shafts – New Construction Only Real or Potential Consequence Low Moderate High *
C hot work C atmospheric hazards oxygen deficiency oxygen enrichment bio/chemical fire/explosion C micro/biological C ingestion/skin & eye contact C physical agents noise/vibration heat/cold stress non/ionizing radiation laser C personal confinement C bio/mechanical hazard C hydraulic/pneumatic/vacuum hazard C process hazard C safety hazards rundown/strikedown structural engulfment/immersion entanglement electrical/electrostatic fall slip/trip visibility/light level explosive/implosive hot/cold surfaces
*
*
NA NA NA x NA x x x NA NA NA x x x NA NA NA NA x x NA NA NA NA x
In this table, toxic substance, oxygen deficiency, oxygen enrichment and flammable or combustible atmosphere derive their meaning from Exposure Limits and standards contained in the OH&S Regulation. NA means not applicable. Action Required Refer to the entry and work procedure.
Wall Centre Construction Ltd.
First Aid Assessment
Ventilation Exhaust Shafts – New Construction Only –
Owner: Wall Centre Financial
Work Location: 1525 West 57th Avenue (Granville & 57th Avenue), Vancouver
Project:: Shannon Mews
Number of Workers: 2 to 3
Assessed by: Neil McManus, CIH, ROH, CSP NorthWest OH&S Tel: 604-980-8512 Date: 2015-05-21
Work Activity:
Probable Incident/Accident:
Probable Injury:
C work on construction sites
C rundown by mobile crane, slip, trip, strike by moving objects
C broken bones, soft tissue injury
C lifting and moving tools, equipment, supplies
C slip, trip, fall, overexertion, fall from ladder
C broken bones, soft tissue injury, muscle strain
C powerwashing
C slip, trip, overexertion, suction injury involving vacuum system, foreign object in the eye
C soft tissue injury, muscle strain, back injury, broken bones, corneal scratch
C chipping, drilling, bush hammering, grinding and sanding, jackhammering, sacking, grouting, and benching
C dust and material in the eye, skin contact with hot surface, overexposure to noise
C soft tissue injury, muscle strain, back injury, temporary hearing loss
C grouting and concrete work
C slip, trip, overexertion, foreign object in the eye, contact with the substance
C soft tissue injury, muscle strain, back injury, chemical burn in the eye, eye injury, skin burn
C lining and coating
C slip, trip, overexertion, contact with undried coating
C muscle strain, chemical burn in the eye, eye injury, skin irritation, chemical and thermal burn
Workplace Hazard Rating: high risk (This rating applies to the industry and not necessarily to the work to be performed.)
Types of Work Activity/Accidents: typical of industry; refer to hazard assessment
Types of Injury: typical of industry; some types require hospital treatment
Rating Modification Factors: possible need to package victim in a basket stretcher on worksite for transfer to roadway
FAA Required: one, Level 1 minimum + transportation endorsement
FAA Selected: one Level 3 and one Level 2 provided by the prime contractor
Site Access Issues: refer to Site Emergency plan
Nearest Hospital: refer to the site specific emergency response plan
Alternate Hospital: refer to the sitespecific emergency response plan
Route to Hospital:
Route to Hospital:
Estimated Distance:
Estimated Distance:
Estimated Travel Time:
Estimated Travel Time:
Transportation Issues:
Transportation Issues:
Title: Corporate Health & Safety Manager
Date: 2015-05-21
External Emergency Response: FIRE and AMBULANCE through 911 service
Transportation: provincial Ambulance Service, company vehicle, taxi, industrial ambulance; varies with location
Implementation Name: Sarah Dickson
Comments: C refer to the site-specific emergency response plan for detail.
This document is for the use of Wall Centre Construction Ltd. and is not to be reproduced.
Wall Centre Construction Ltd.
Permit Required: No
Confined Space Procedure
Work Tasks in Cast-inPlace, Water Storage Structures – New Construction Only
Pgm Admin: Sarah Dickson Tel: xxx-yyy-zzzz Cell/Pgr: 778-896-4648
At time of entry, atmosphere is expected to be low hazard and not to exceed moderate hazard during work activity. Space contains no requirement for lockout or isolation nor is there a risk of immersion of engulfment.
Prepared by: N. McManus, CIH, ROH, CSP NorthWest OH&S
Site Contact: to be determined Tel: xxx-yyy-zzzz Cell/Pgr: xxx-yyy-zzzz
Date: 2015-05-21
Equipment Required
Co-ordination of Work Activities
Tel: 604-980-8512
Sub-Contractor: C on arrival at the site, contact the Superintendent, Wall Centre Construction or designate, to inform about work activity and to determine constraints imposed by site conditions and actions of other Sub-Contractors C co-ordinate emergency communication with the Superintendent, Wall Centre Construction for summoning assistance in the event of an accident C operating vehicles and fuelpowered equipment C stack extensions C barriers C secondary barricades, barrier tape, warning signs
All Workers C keep operating vehicles and fuel-powered portable equipment at least 10 m downwind from the entry to the space and intake of ventilating equipment to prevent entry of exhaust gases C install stack extensions on the point of emission of exhaust from mobile or portable equipment containing engines and combustion sources to discharge at least 2.5 m above grade in a vertical direction C erect primary barriers around the perimeter/circumference of the work zone to prevent falls C as needed to keep bystanders away from the area while work is occurring, erect secondary barriers C at the end of the work or the workshift, replace access covers or barricade access to the work platform, as appropriate
Equipment Required
Isolation & Lockout
C not applicable
C not applicable
Equipment Required
Cleaning, Purging, Venting or Inerting
C Americ VAF 3000, 2091 ft3/min free air delivery C duct, clamps
C locate the fan outside the space in the parkade in a source of clean, respirable air and operate as a supply unit C direct airflow from outside the space through the duct to the bottom of the space C do NOT operate fan(s) in exhaust mode during work with coatings containing flammable solvents C ventilate for 5 minutes prior to the start of work C when testing (see below) indicates that the atmosphere in the space poses no hazard, entry can occur and work can begin
Equipment Required
Verification & Testing
C atmosphere testing instrument (to be determined) containing sensors for oxygen, flammable/combustibles, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide C calibration kit C additional instrument containing a sensor for carbon dioxide where exposure to gases from combustion is possible. This is not a normal requirement. C additional instrument containing sensor for nitrogen dioxide (Note: Monitoring for nitrogen dioxide is required where exposure to diesel exhaust can occur. If one can smell diesel, one must monitor it. The converse also applies.)
C calibrate or bump test the instrument at the beginning of the workshift or immediately before use, per the manufacturer’s instructions. Persons calibrating and operating the instrument must have appropriate training. Keep records of calibration and testing. C measure conditions progressively downward to the bottom of the space at the access opening and progressively through the space through which access/egress will occur, and extrication will occur in the event of an emergency or accident. Remember that there is a delay in response as air is pumped into the instrument. C measure conditions in the work area, as described C record these readings and readings obtained periodically during work activity
C entry and work in the space without respiratory protection for gases can occur only if the following conditions are met: Entry Work Activity/Alarm Setting oxygen: 20.9 or 21.0% 20.5 % or greater flammable/combustibles: 0 % of LEL 5 % of LEL or less carbon monoxide: 0 ppm 25 ppm or less carbon dioxide: ~400 ppm 5000 ppm nitrogen dioxide: 0 ppm 1.0 ppm or less hydrogen sulphide: 0 ppm 10 ppm or less toluene: 0 ppm 20 ppm or less C if these conditions are not met prior to entry, continue ventilating the space for 10 minutes and retest. If these conditions cannot be met, this situation must be reevaluated. C the entrant must wear the instrument at all times while in the space, and must vacate in the event that the alarm sounds. If an alarm sounds, the standby shall order the entrant(s) to vacate the space immediately. C at the end of the workshift record all data provided by the instrument (peak, TWA, STEL, occurrence of alarms) Equipment Required
C Americ VAF 3000, 2091 ft3/min free air delivery C duct, clamps
Equipment Required
Ventilation C for continuation of work from day to day, leave the fan and duct in position, as described, and restart the fan at the beginning of the work period C ventilate for 5 minutes prior to entry C if the equipment is dismantled, reassemble as follows C locate the fan outside the space in the parkade in a source of clean, respirable air and operate as a supply unit C direct airflow from outside the space through the duct to the bottom of the space C do NOT operate fan(s) in exhaust mode during work with coatings containing flammable solvents C ensure that solvent vapours escape through the top of the space to atmosphere and not into the parkade and the work area C ventilate for 5 minutes prior to the start of work C when testing (see below) indicates that the atmosphere in the space poses no hazard, entry can occur and work can begin C work toward clean air Personal Protective Equipment & Other Precautions
C hard hat, safety glasses + sideshields, hearing protection (muffs or plugs) when noise sources are present, work clothing, protective gloves. Powerwashing requires a faceshield in addition to the above. Disposable suit required during coating preparation and application. Refer to the MSDS for specific information.
C all persons working in the space require personal protective equipment, as specified. Personal protective equipment shall comply with requirements of the respective certifying and testing agencies, CSA (Canadian Standards Association) and ANSI (American National Standards Institute).
C brush or roll application: NIOSHapproved full-facepiece respirator containing organic vapour + HEPA filter cartridges
C in view of the information available, respiratory protection is required when coating work is occurring as a means to protect the eyes and skin of the face against splashes and the possible presence of vapour in the air. In the event that this strategy does not provide sufficient protection, this situation requires re-evaluation. Refer to the MSDS for the product for specific information
C supplemental lighting
C supplemental lighting must contain shielding to prevent contact between the light source and the air and liquid of the coating C the light source must not make contact with the coating at any time C do NOT operate fan(s) in exhaust mode during work with coatings containing flammable solvents at any time
C GFCIs
C all electrical circuits require Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) C position electrical cords and cables off the floor of the space to prevent damage
Equipment Required
Personal Hygiene & Decontamination
C portable eyewash, ANSI-compliant eyewash
C portable eyewash must be immediately available for use during work that creates a known eye hazard C continue flushing the eye after extrication using the ANSI-compliant eyewash
C soap, water
C wash hands, face and exposed skin with soap and water prior to eating, drinking or smoking
Equipment Required
Lifelines, Harnesses & Lifting Equipment
C harness (dorsal D-ring for fall or shoulder D-rings for lift only):
C a harness is necessary for vertical extrication. The harness is to assist in extrication of an injured worker. Tethering is required at all times during work while suspended in a bosun’s chair. C when multiple workers are present, one worker or the First Aid Attendant may put the harness onto the injured worker following an injury. This situation requires entry by the First Aid Attendant. The First Aid Attendant must wear the same protective equipment as other workers during such an action. C tethering is not required during normal performance of work on walking surfaces. C a fellow worker or a rescue person (see below) entering to assess the condition of an injured worker and to assist the person to the lifting point for extrication also could attach the harness to the lifting cable C for horizontal extrication, use a spine board or basket stretcher to immobilize the injured worker and pass the device containing the injured worker through the access opening in the wall. C inspect all equipment for damage before use. Remove damaged equipment from service.
C fall restraint device:
C used in conjunction with a vertical retrieval system for ladder entry where fall injury is a concern
C retrieval system: tripod or davit arm, man-rated winch
C retrieval device required for removing the injured victim from the space up the ramp C attach the lifting device to a structure capable of withstanding the imposed load C practice the extrication to ensure that this concept is feasible and functional
Equipment Required
Standby Person
C cellular telephone, two-way radio, airhorn
C standby person must maintain periodic contact with the entrant. Closer surveillance is needed when equipment noise makes communication difficult. Standby must have training in monitoring duties, initiating emergency response, operation of retrieval equipment and removal of injured victims using this equipment. C the standby person does not enter the space until or unless relieved by a second standby.
Equipment Required
Rescue
C cellular telephone, two-way radio, airhorn
C Wall Centre Construction has trained and maintains through practice a rescue team within each work crew C rescue personnel have training in first aid and CPR, and activities related to handling a packaged victim in a basket stretcher or spine board, directing emergency response personnel, and operating extrication equipment C rescue team members assist the First Aid Attendant C to initiate the emergency response, the Standby calls on the radio, indicates the occurrence of the emergency and exact location C the First Aid Attendant/Construction Safety Officer and Site Superintendent proceed to the scene of the accident to assess the situation C unnecessary work ceases C as appropriate, the First Aid Attendant/Construction Safety Officer directs a call to request assistance from AMBULANCE and FIRE through the 911 service C the First Aid Attendant sizes up the situation to determine the possible nature of the injury and determines actions that are feasible in the circumstances for extrication. C if the testing instrument(s) in the space is/are not alarming and no other hazardous condition has arisen, the First Aid Attendant can enter the space to assess the condition of the victim and to determine whether serious injury has occurred and whether serious injury has occurred to the head, neck or back. If serious injury has not occurred and does not involve the head, neck or back, the victim may be assisted to the entry and removed from the space by the human-rated lifting device. C if the victim cannot move or be moved without further injury from the space, the victim is to rest in place, comforted as much as possible by rescue personnel until packaging can occur
This document is for the use of Wall Centre Construction Ltd. and is not to be reproduced. References McManus, Neil: Safety and Health in Confined Spaces. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999. McManus, Neil: Portable Ventilation Systems Handbook. New York and London: Taylor & Francis, 2000. McManus, Thomas Neil: Management of Hazardous Energy: Deactivation, De-Energization, Isolation, and Lockout. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/ Taylor & Francis, 2012.
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