VII.Heat Entropy and Volume Changes for Polymer

SAVE OFFLINE

H e a t ,

E n t r o p y ,

a n d

V o l u m e

P o l y m e r - L i q u i d

C h a n g e s

f o r

M i x t u r e s

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

Robert A. O r w o l l Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA, USA

A. Introduction 1. Scope of the Table 2. Experimental Methods B. Key for the Tables C. Tables of Literature References for Heat, Entropy, and Volume Changes for Polymer-Solvent Mixtures Table 1. Main-Chain Carbon Polymers 1.1. Poly(dienes) 1.2. Poly(alkenes) 1.3. Poly(acrylics) 1.4. Vinyl Polymers 1.5. Poly(styrenes) 1.6. Other Compounds Table 2. Main-Chain Carbon Heteroatom Polymers 2.1. Poly(oxides) and Poly(esters) 2.2. Poly(amides) 2.3. Poly(siloxanes) 2.4. Derivatives of Cellulose 2.5. Other Compounds D. References

A.

VII-649 VII-649 VII-649 VII-650

VII-650 VII-650 VII-650 VII-651 VII-654 VII-655 VII-657 VII-659

VII-659 VII-659 VII-661 VII-661 VII-662 VIJ-663 VII-663

INTRODUCTION

deduced. The experimental methods utilized are also identified. This tabulation is limited to reports of measurements on solutions that contain only one nonelectrolyte homopolymer; solutions with a copolymer, polyelectrolyte, or polymer mixture have been excluded. Solvents for the solutions in this compilation are liquids comprising single molecular entities; i.e., references to studies in which the solvent is a binary or ternary mixture or a mixture of oligomers are not included. Most studies whose primary goal is to characterize the individual polymer molecule and its interaction in an infinitely dilute solution will not be found in this table. However, references to studies of dilute solutions are presented in some of the other tables of Part VII ("Solution Properties")- Most of the reports of changes in free energy on mixing or on dilution cited here have been limited to those that also provide sufficient data to determine the change in the enthalpy (or entropy). References to measurements of solvent activities which can yield information about changes in free energy can be found in "Polymer-Solvent Interaction Parameters". These references were collected without regard for the quality of data. 2. Experimental Methods

Tabulated below are references to the studies of the enthalpy, entropy, and volume changes that occur when polymer and solvent are mixed to form a homogeneous liquid solution. This bibliography follows closely the form employed by C. Booth (Manchester) in his contribution under the same title in the second edition of this Handbook. With several exceptions, references to work reported before 1972 were compiled by Professor Booth for the second edition. 1. Scope of the Table This table includes literature citations to studies from which the thermodynamic properties named in the title can be

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

Heat Several different kinds of enthalpy changes are recognized in the formation of solutions. The integral heat of mixing or integral heat of solution, (Al)

is the heat absorbed when pure solvent and pure polymer are combined to form a solution at constant temperature and pressure. Here AT80Int # ? , and H\ are the molar enthalpies of solution, pure solvent, and pure solute respectively; and n\ and n2 the number of moles of each component. The value of AHmiX is dependent on the degree of crystallinity for semicrystalline polymers and, usually to a lesser extent, on the thermal history of glassy polymers. However, if a Retrieved from: www.knovel.com

More often, the partial molar entropy of solvent (A6) is reported, using the temperature dependence of the activity of solvent (A7) Volume Volume changes reported in the literature cited below are measured directly (dilatometry) or from density determinations.

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

polymer solution already exists and more solvent is added, the accompanying enthalpy change, which is called the integral heat of dilution, is independent of any crystalline or glassy aspect of the pure polymeric solute. The integral heats, both of mixing and of dilution, are usually determined calorimetrically. The latter is often preferable for experimental reasons, because its measurement is not complicated by the long dissolution times usually required in the direct measurements of integral heats of solution. The partial or differential heat of solution, AH2, is the change in enthalpy when a very small amount of pure solute is added to a large amount of either solution or pure solvent. In the latter instance, the resultant quantity which is properly identified as the partial heat of solution at infinite dilution is sometimes referred to more simply as the heat of solution. For polymer solutions, AHj is often expressed as the heat absorbed per unit mass of solute added and can be found as the derivative of the integral heat of mixing: (A2)

Here ni2 is the mass of polymeric solute. Values of AH\ at infinite dilution for some polymer-solvent systems are listed in "Heats of Solution of Some Common Polymers". The partial or differential heat of dilution AH\ differs from AH2 in that it is a consequence of adding solvent, rather than solute, to a solution and is almost always expressed as the heat per mol of added solvent. Accordingly,

(A3)

It can also be obtained from the variation with concentration of the integral heat of dilution. Or it may be determined from the temperature dependence of the activity a\ of solvent according to the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation (A4)

I turn, the activity a \ of solvent in a polymer solution has a variety of sources including the osmotic pressure of the solution, the vapor pressure of solvent above the solution relative to that of the pure solvent, the gas-chromatographic retention volumes of volatile solvent on columns with polymeric solute as the stationary phase, swelling equilibria for polymer networks, the concentration dependence of Rayleigh scattering, and sedimentation equilibria. The first three methods are the ones used most frequently. Entropy The entropy of mixing pure polymer with pure solvent can be obtained from the difference between the integral heat of mixing and the free energy of mixing (A5) Free energies of mixing can be determined by integrating concentration-dependent functions of the chemical potential of the solvent.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

B. KEY FOR THE TABLES

The following abbreviations are used to identify the experimental methods utilized for the studies cited: CD CM D DL GC LS OS SD SW VP XS

Calorimetry: integral heat of dilution Calorimetry: integral heat of mixing Density Dilatometry Gas chromatography with polymeric stationary phase Rayleigh light scattering Osmotic pressure Sedimentation equilibrium Swelling of polymer network Vapor pressure including manometry, isopiestic distillation, vapor phase osmometry, etc. X-ray scattering

A Chemical Abstracts Service registry number accompanies most of the polymers named in the table. Although some polymers have more than one registry number owing to particular stereochemistries, different terminal groups, etc., only the most common number appears in the table for each polymer. C. TABLES OF LITERATURE REFERENCES FOR HEAT, ENTROPY, AND VOLUME CHANGES FOR POLYMER-SOLVENT MIXTURES

TABLE 1. MAJN-CHAIN CARBON POLYMERS Polymer-Solvent

1.1. POLY(DIENES) Poly(l,3-butadiene) [9003-17-2] Benzene

ds-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane rran5-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane 1,3-Butadiene Butane

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Method

Refs.

CD CM GC VP CM CM DL GC DL GC

140 19,84 308,327 73 293 293 374 327 374 327

TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLE 1. cont'd

Polymer-Solvent

Method

PoIy(1,3-butadiene) cont'd 1-Butene dj-2-Butene tmns-2-Butene Carbon dioxide Carbon tetrachloride 1-Chlorobutane Chloroform

Cyclooctane Cyclopentane

Decane 3,3-Diethylpentane 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane 3,3-Dimethylpentane 1,4-Dioxane Dodecane

Ethane Ethylbenzene Ethylene 3-Ethylpentane 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane Heptane Hexadecane Hexane 2-Methylbutane 3-Methylhexane 2-Methylpropane 2-Methylpropene Nonane Octane

DL DL DL SW GC GC GC VP CM GC CM CM GC GC CM GC CM CM CM CM VP CM GC SW GC SW CM CM CM GC CM GC GC CM DL GC DL CM GC CM GC GC CM GC CM CM CD GC GC CM GC SW

374 374 374 350 308 308 308 119 293 327 293 293 327 327 293 327 293 293 293 293 165 294 327 350 327 350 293 294 294 327 294 327 327 293 374 327 374 294 327 294 308,327 308 294 308,327 293,294 293 140 308,327 327 294 327 388

CM GC GC GC VP GC GC GC GC GC GC

19 308 308 308 126 308 308 308 308 308 308

Polymer-Solvent

Method

1-Octene 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane Pentane 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane Toluene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane w-Xylene Water Poly(chloroprene) [9010-98-4] Benzene Butyl alcohol Carbon tetrachloride 2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene 1-Chlorobutane Chloroform Decane Octane 1-Octene 2-Pentanone

Refs.

PoIy(Cw-1,3-isoprene) [9003-31-0] and [104389-31-3] Acetone SW 9,120 VP 120 Benzene CM 6,8,55 DL 5,166 OS 5,166 SW 9,121,130 VP 5,8,74,130,166 Butane VP 46 2-Butanone DL 120 SW 9,120 VP 120 Butyl acetate SW 9 Butyl butyrate SW 9 Carbon disulfide SW 9 Carbon tetrachloride SW 9 Chloroform SW 9 Cyclohexane SW 9 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone SW 9 2,2-Dimethylpropane VP 46 Ethyl acetate DL 120 SW 9,120 VP 63,120 Heptane CM 6 SW 9 Hexane VP 59 Isoprene VP 126 Methyl acetate SW 9,120 Methyl alcohol VP 6 2-Methylbutane VP 46 2-Methylpropane VP 46 Octane VP 177 Pentane SW 9 VP 46 2-Pentanone SW 120 Propyl acetate SW 9 Toluene OS 1 SW 9 VP 1 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane VP 177 Polygons-1,3-isoprene) [9003-31-0] and [104389-32-4] Octane VP 177 Toluene OS 2 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane VP 167,177

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Cyclohexane

Refs.

1.2. POLY(ALKENES)

PoIy(I-butene) [9003-28-5J ds-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane rra/w-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane Cyclohexane Cyclooctane Cyclopentane Decane 3,3-Diethylpentane 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane 3,3-Dimethylpentane Dodecane

3-Ethylpentane 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane Heptane Hexadecane

CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM VP CM CM CM CM

293 293 293 293 293 248 293 293 293 293 293 248 107 293 294 248 248

References page VII - 663 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

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TABLE 1. confd

TABLE 1.

Polymer-Solvent Hexane 3-Methylhexane Nonane Octane 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane Pentane Tetradecane

Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexyl chloride Cyclopentane Decahydronaphthalene Decane

Refs.

CM CM CM CM VP CM CM CM GC CM CM CM

248 293 248 248 102 294 248 248 281 293,294 293 294

VP

195

VP

195

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Methyl sulfoxide Nonane Octacosane Octane 1-Octene 2-Pentanone Phenol Phenyl ether Propyl ether Propyl sulfide 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetradecane 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Toluene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane /7-Xylene PoIy(I-heptene) [25511-64-2] Toluene Poly(isobutene) [9003-27-4], polyisobutylene Benzaldehyde Benzene

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2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Poly(l-decene) [25189-70-2] Toluene PoIy(I-dodecene) [25067-08-7] Toluene Poly(ethylene) [9002-88-4] Benzene Bromomethane 2-Butanone Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene 1-Chlorobutane Chloroform 1-Chlorohexane 1-Chloronaphthalene Cyclohexane

Method

confd

2,6-Di-rerf-butyl-4-methylphenol 1,5-Dichloropentane /V,N-Dimethylacetamide WV-Dimethylformamide 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,3-Dimethy !naphthalene 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,5-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,7-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,4-Dimethylpentane Dodecane 1-Ethylnaphthalene 2-Ethylnaphthalene Ethyl propionate 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane Heptane Hexadecane Hexane 2-Methylbutane 1-Methylnaphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene

GC VP GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC CM CM GC GC GC GC CM CD CM DL GC VP GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC CM VP GC GC GC CM GC VP CM VP CM GC GC

299 87 351 351 299 299 299,351 351,299 299,351 351 151,367 367 299,351 299 299,351 299 367 246 367,369 252 299,351 361 351 351 351 234 234 234 234 234 234 234 234 234 234 367 100,107,351 234 234 351 367 351 38 367 87 367 234 234

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

m-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane fra^Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane Butane 2-Butanone Butyl ether Butyl propionate Carbon tetrachloride

Chlorobenzene

Chloroform

Cyclohexane

Cyclooctane Cyclopentane Decahydronaphthalene Decane

Decyl alcohol 0-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 3,3-Diethylpentane

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Refs.

GC GC SW GC GC GC GC VP GC GC GC GC CM GC CM GC VP

351 299 93 281,351 299 299 299 180 351 351 351 281 151 351 367 351 131

VP

195

GC CD CM

291 72,98 19,88,94,116, 141,157,184,278 73,82,128,211,254 69,137,159,184 263,287,291,378 61,159 56,73,159,259,318 293 293 35 291 95 105 104 104,116,278 254 105 98 88,94,184 82,254 137,184 96 254 291 255 88,94,104,116, 184,278,293 128 137,155,184 263,378 158 61 26,56,105,155 293 293 254 94 254 137,160 291 254 254 293

D DL GC OS VP CM CM VP GC CM VP CD CM D VP CD CM D DL OS D GC CD CM D DL GC LS OS VP CM CM D CM D DL GC D D CM

TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLE 1. cont'd

Polymer-Solvent 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane 2,2-Dimethylhexane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane

3,3-Dimethylpentane 2,2-Dimethylpropane Dodecane

Ethyl acetate Ethylbenzene Ethyl decanoate Ethyl ether Ethyl heptanoate Ethyl hexadecanoate Ethyl hexanoate Ethyl nonanoate Ethyl octanoate 3-Ethylpentane Ethyl tetradecanoate Heptadecane 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane Heptane

Hexadecane Hexane

Hexyl ether Methyl alcohol 2-Methylbutane

Methy lcyclohexane 2-Methylheptane 4-Methylheptane 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane 2-Methylpentane 3-Methylpentane 2-Methylpropane Naphthalene Nitrobenzene Nonane

Refs.

GC GC GC GC CM GC CM GC CM GC CM VP CM D GC CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM D CM CM

378 378 378 378 293 378 293 378 293 378 293 35 94,278,294 254 291 88,297,378 95 94,95 95 95 95 95 95 293 95 254 294 19,88,94,116,157, 184,278,294 69,137,160,184 263,378 221 94,278,294 160 94,184 254 137,160,184 263,378 221 95 105 94 35 94,116,184 137,184 378 378 378 293 378 378 94 378 35 291 291 94,294 291,378 94,294 254 160 263,378 160 294 291

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Pentane

Pentyl ether Propyl alcohol Propyl ether Pyridine Tetradecane 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane Toluene

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2,4-Dimethylpentane

Method

Octane

2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane Pentanal

DL GC OS CM DL CM D DL GC OS CM VP CM VP CM DL GC GC GC CM GC GC CM GC VP GC GC CM GC CM D DL GC OS CM GC

Tridecane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

2,3,4-Trimethylpentane Undecane PoIy(I-octadecene) [25511-67-5] Toluene Poly(propylene) [9003-07-0] Benzene ds-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane rranj-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane Carbon tetrachloride

Chloroform

1-Chloronaphthalene Cyclohexane

Cyclooctane Cyclopentane Decane

3,3-Diethylpentane 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane 3,3-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone Dodecane

Ethylbenzene 3-Ethylpentane 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane

Refs.

CD 255 CM 94,278 D 254,338 DL 97,160 GC 263,378 LS 238 OS 221 VP 35,97,156 CM 95 GC 291 CM 95 GC 291 CM 94 D 254 CM 293,294 CM 293 CD 98,104 CM 19,104,184 D 254 DL 69,137,184 GC 291,378 VP 105 CM 94 CM 19,94,104,157,294 D 211 DL 69 GC 287,378 LS 145,158,238 VP 14,237,259 GC 378 CM 94 VP

195

CM D VP CM CD CD CM D VP CD CM D CM CM D CM CM CM GC CM CM CM CM CM VP CM GC VP CM CM CM

315 315 101 293 293 280 315 315 216 280 315 315 151 293,315 315 293 293 315 281 293 293 293 293 293 123 294 281 125,171 315 293 294

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TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLE 1. cont'd

Polymer-Solvent Heptane

Hexadecane Hexane

3-Pentanone Tetradecane 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane Toluene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane m-Xylene 0-Xyiene p-Xy lene 1.3.

Refs.

CM D VP CM CM D VP CM CM VP CM CM CM D VP VP GC CM CM CM CM CM VP CM CM CM

294,315 315 101,217 294 315 315 101 293 294,315 134 294,315 294 315 315 217 117,123 281 151 293,294 293 315 294 101 315 315 315

CD D

313 196,313

CM CM CD D CD CM CD CM CD CM D VP

381 381 343 343 292 292 292 292 233,292,343 292,381 196,343 366

GC CM GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC CM GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC

307 55 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 260 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307

POLY(ACRYLICS)

Poly(acrylamide) [9003-05-8] Water

Poly (acrylic acid) [9003-01-4] Butyl alcohol A^Dimethylformamide Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Formamide Water

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Poly(WV-dimethylacrylamide) [26793-31 -0] Water Poly(ethyl methacrylate) [9003-42-3] Acetone Acetonitrile Acrylonitrile Benzene Bromobenzene 1-Bromobutane 2-Butanone Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol Butylamine Butyraldehyde Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Cyclohexane Decane Ethane Ethylbenzene Ethylcyclohexane Ethylene Heptane Methylcyclohexane Nitroethane Nitromethane 1-Nitropropane Nonane Octane 1-Octene Pentyl alcohol Propane

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3-Methylhexane Nonane Nonyl alcohol Octane 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane Pentane

Method

Poly(butyl methacrylate) [9003-63-8] Benzene Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol Butylbenzene terf-Butylbenzene Butylcyclohexane Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene 1-Chlorobutane Chloroform

Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Decane Dichloromethane Octane 2-Pentanone 3,4,5-Trimethylheptane 2,2,4 ~ -Trimethylpentane

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Propionic acid Propionitrile Propyl acetate Propyl alcohol Propyl ether Toluene Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [25189-55-3] Acetic acid Butyl alcohol 1-Chloronaphthalene Hexadecane Naphthalene Water Poly(methacrylic acid) [54193-36-1] Water Poly(Af-methylacrylamide) [25722-14-9] Water Poly(methyl acrylate) [9003-21-8] Benzene Butylbenzene ferr-Butylbenzene Butylcyclohexane Cyclohexane ds-Decahydronaphthalene frans-Decahydronaphthalene Decane Dodecane Ethylbenzene Naphthalene

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Refs.

CD D

313 313

CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD D CD CD D CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD D VP CD CD CD CD CD CD

284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 360 284 284 360 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 284 360 341 284 284 284 284 284 284

GC GC GC GC GC CM OS

198 198,281 198 198 198 353 368

CM

381

CD D

313 313

GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC

282 282 282 282 282 282 282 282 282 282 282

TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLEI. cont'd

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Benzene

2-Butanone Butyl acetate Carbon dioxide

Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform

Cyclohexane 0-Dichlorobenzene Dichloroethane

1,2-Dichloroethy lene 1,4-Dioxane Ethyl acetate Methyl isobutyrate 3-Pentanone Tetrahydrofuran Toluene

m-Xylene

GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC

282 282 282 282 282 282 282 282

CD D OS VP CD CM D OS VP D OS D OS DL VP D CD D CD CM D DL OS OS CD CM D CM VP OS CD D OS D OS CM VP D OS D OS CD D DL OS D OS

148,161 60,178 31,178,261 220 162,186 224 60,178 31,178,261 220 60 261 60 36 387 387 60 162 60 212 193 60 210 31 261 162 266 60 83 83 149 148 60 31,149 60 36,261 83 83 60 31 60 31 148,212 60 210 31,261 60 31

VP CM VP CM

126 47 47 47

CM DL

75,184,345 184

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Refs.

GC LS OS VP GC CD CM GC OS VP CD CM DL GC LS OS CM DL GC GC GC GC CM D GC LS GC CM GC GC VP VP GC OS GC GC GC GC GC CD CM GC GC CD D CD D CD D CD D CD D GC GC CM GC GC CM D DL GC LS OS VP

354 158 261 37,75 354 170 41,224 288,295,299,354 261 37,76,85 170 184 184 354 158 15,261 55,184 184 299 288 288 299,354 41 49,82 299,354 158 299 41,345 299,354 354 37 37 288,295,299,354 261 299 299 299 288 288,299 232 41 295,354 354 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 354 354 342 295,354 288 30,184 211 184 354 158 261 237

Acetonitrile Benzene

2-Butanone

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Octane Tetradecane 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 3,3,4,4-Tetramethylhexane Toluene 3,4,5-Trimethylheptane 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Poly(methyl methacrylate) [9011-14-7] Acetone

Refs.

1.4. VINYL POLYMERS Poly(acrylonitrile) [25014-41-9] Acrylonitrile Benzene WV-Dimethytformamide Poly(vinyl acetate) [9003-20-7] Acetone

Butyl acetate

Butyl alcohol Butylbenzene Butylcyclohexane Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene

1-Chlorobutane Chloroform

l-Chlorohexane 1-Chloropropane 3-Chloropropene Cyclohexane

Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexyl chloride c/i-Decahydronaphthalene Decane Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,5-Dichloropentane Diethyl adipate Diethyl malonate Diethyl oxalate

Diethyl sebacate

Diethyl succinate

A^Dimethylacetamide MiV-Dimethylformamide 1,4-Dioxane Dodecane Ethyl acetate

References page VII - 663 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

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TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLEI.

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Heptane 3-Heptanone Hexane Isopropyl alcohol Isopropylamine Methyl acetate

Methyl sulfoxide Nonane 1-Octene 2-Pentanone Propyl acetate

Propyl alcohol Propylamine Propyl ether Propyl sulfide 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 3,3,4,4-Tetramethylhexane Toluene

1,2,3-Trichloropropane Undecane Vinyl acetate Water Poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-89-5] Carbon tetrachloride Chloroacetic acid 1,4-Dioxane Ethyl alcohol Water

PoIy(iV-vinylcarbazole) [25067-59-8] Benzene Poly(vinyl chloride) [9002-86-2] Benzene Cyclohexane Cyclohexanone

Cyclopentanone

GC CM DL GC GC VP CM DL CD CM D LS GC GC GC CM DL GC CM DL VP VP GC GC CM GC GC GC CD CM GC OS OS GC VP CM

295,354 141,184 184 354 295 37 184 184 271 41,48,345 211,271 158 354 288,299 299 184 184 299 184 184 37 37 354 354 41,48 354 288 288 64,232 41 295,354 261 15 288 85 342

CM CM CD CM CD CM LS VP

359 112 342 30 57,58 30,55,342 219 86,219

CD VP

161 124

GC GC CD CM D DL CD CM VP CM GC VP VP GC GC GC

295 295 231 106,231 273 106 243 243 250 55 295 250 250 295 281 295

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Isopropyl alcohol Tetrahydrofuran Toluene Poly(vinylidene fluoride) [24937-79-9] Acetophenone 2-Butanone Butyl acetate Butylbenzene y-Butyrolactone Chlorobenzene 1-Chlorodecane 2-Chloroethyl ether 1-Chlorohexane 1-Chlorooctane Cyclohexanone ds-Decahydronaphthalene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,5-Dichloropentane AW-Dimethylacetamide MN-Dimethylethyleneurea MN-Dimethylformamide AfyV-Dimethylpropyleneurea Dodecane Ethyl acetate Ethylbenzene Ethyl propionate Hexadecane Hexamethylphosphoramide l-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Methyl sulfoxide Pentachloroethane Propylene carbonate Propyl sulfide Pyridine 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetradecane Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetramethylene sulfone 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylurea Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane m-Xylene Poly(vinyl methyl ether) [9003-09-2] Cyclohexane Ethylbenzene

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Methyl alcohol

Refs.

cont'd

Dibutyl phthalate Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Diethyl phthalate Dioctyl phthalate 1,4-Dioxane Dodecane Heptane

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Toluene

Water Poly(2-vinylpyridine) [25014-15-7] Benzene 2-Butanone Butyl alcohol Cyclohexanone 1,4-Dioxane Ethyl alcohol

Methyl alcohol Propyl alcohol Poly(#-vinylpyrrolidone) [9003-39-8] Butyl alcohol

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Refs.

GC CD CM GC

295 244 244 295

GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC

354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354 354

VP CM D OS CM D OS CM

372 332 332 332 332 332 332 353

D D D D D D LS D D

267 267 267 267 267 267 111 267 267

CD

309

TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLE 1. cont'd

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Chloroform

CD CM D CD CD CD CD CM D OS

1.5.

Polymer-Solvent

330 174 174 309 269 309 269 174 174 214

Butane 2-Butanone

Poly(p-bromostyrene) [24936-50-3] Toluene Poly(p-chlorostyrene) [24991 -47-7] Benzene Ethyl acetate Heptane Hexane Isopropylbenzene Pentane Propylbenzene Toluene

Poly(ot-methylstyrene) [25014-31-7] Benzene Isopropylbenzene a-Methylstyrene Toluene Poly(p-methylstyrene) [24936-41 -2] Toluene Poly(styrene) [9003-53-6] Acetic acid Acetone

Benzaldehyde Benzene

VP

103

GC VP GC GC GC GC GC GC VP

363 199 363 363 363 363 363 363 103

CM VP VP VP

223 136 136,355 355

VP

103

GC CM D GC OS VP GC CD GC CD GC GC CD

306 29,34,43 43,60 306 261 51,220 306,354 279 306 135,279,286 336 306 28,70,81,147, 191,192,225 19,29,32,44,55, 90,184,192 222, 333 24,39,60,128,247, 283,296,329 12,69,184 235,282,305,306, 307,325,336,354 23,114,143, 145,158 12,33,147,261 147 13,28,32,147, 192,220 200 306 279 25

CM D

DL GC LS

OS SW VP Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ether Bromobenzene

VP CD CM D DL GC OS

Butyl acetate

POLY(STYRENES)

Acetonitrile Acetophenone Aniline Anisole

Method

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

Ethyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Propyl alcohol Water

Refs.

XS GC CD D

Butyl alcohol sec-Butyl alcohol Buty !benzene

terf-Butylbenzene Butylcyclohexane Carbon dioxide Carbon tetrachloride

Chlorobenzene

1-Chlorobutane Chloroform

1-Chlorohexane Cyclohexane

Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene

VP CM D GC OS VP GC SW CM DL GC GC GC DL CD CM D GC LS OS VP CD CM D GC LS OS SW GC CD CM D GC OS SW VP GC CD CM D DL GC LS OS SD SW VP CD GC CD CM VP

Refs. 337 135,249,255 29,68,146 24,39,45,60 12,207,256 235,306,354 12,18,33, 207,256,261 17 29 60 306 33 13 306 115 184 184 282,325 307 282 339 104,240 104,240 60 235,306,307 114 33 13,220 53 53,146 25,60,82 306,354 114 127 115 307 54,191,225 29 45,60,82 306,307,354 33 115 51 354 53,70,81,192,285 29,34,43,53, 184,192,359 43,45,60,189, 211,296,329 12,69,184, 189,209 282,306, 307,325,354 114,143,190,206 18,33,71,80,261 189,229 115 13,52,80, 192,237,259 289 306,354 192 29,192 201

References page VII - 663 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

Retrieved from: www.knovel.com

TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLE 1.

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Decahydronaphthalene

Decane o-Dichlorobenzene

1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,5-Dichloropentane WV-Dimethylformamide 2,2-Dimethylpropane 1,4-Dioxane

1,3-Diphenylbutane

Dodecane Ethane 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate Ethyl acetate

Ethyl alcohol Ethylbenzene

CM

D DL GC LS OS SW VP

Ethylene glycol Ethyl ether Formamide Heptane Hexadecane Hexane Hexyl alcohol Hexylbenzene Isobutyl alcohol Isopentyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol

192 184,192,359 24 184 114,145 201 282 282 238 290 281,282,305,307 24,60 235 306,354 306,307 354 354 245 135 55,184 24,60 184 235,306,354 127 13 113,147 113,147 281,282 337 29 135,257 29,68 24,60,296 257 306 18,33,261 52 306 50,53,54,81,113, 147,192,228,255 30,44,53,78,90, 104,184,192, 228,264 24,39,113,147,211 69,184,208 235,325,336,354 114 113,147,208 113,115,147 50,90.113,147, 237,259 306 306 306 306,325,335,354 115 281,282 306,325,335,354 115 115 325 306 115 306

Polymer-Solvent Isopropyl ether Methyl alcohol 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylheptane 2-Methylpentane 3-Methylpentane Naphthalene Nitrobenzene Nitromethane Nonane Octane

Method

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

ds-Decahydronaphthalene frans-Decahydronaphthalene

CD CM D DL LS VP GC GC LS OS GC D GC GC GC GC GC VP CD CM D DL GC OS VP CD SW GC VP CM CD CM D DL GC OS VP GC CD

Refs.

cont'd

GC GC GC GC SW GC GC SW SW GC GC SW GC

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

l-Octene c/^-2-Octene Octyl alcohol Pentane

3-Pentanone

Pentyl alcohol Pentylbenzene Propane Propyl acetate Propyl alcohol Propylbenzene

Propyl ether

Propyl sulfide Pyridine Styrene

Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene

3,3,4,4-Tetramethylhexane Toluene

GC GC VP GC GC GC GC GC VP GC GC SW VP GC GC GC GC SW VP CD D VP GC GC VP VP GC SW CM DL GC GC VP GC GC CM GC VP GC D GC CM GC GC CD

CM

D DL GC LS OS SD SW VP

Retrieved from: www.knovel.com

Refs. 306 306 245 325 325 325 282 306 13 305,325 305,306,307,325 115 13 325 325 306 306 115 245 319 60 13 306 325 337 51 306 115 184 184 325 354 13 354 306,336,354 10,29 235 126 281,282 60 306 192 282 282 28,53,54,81,135, 183,188,191,192, 225,228,240, 255,286 29,34,43,53,55,90, 146,154,184,192, 226,228,240, 264,332,333 11,24,39,43, 45,60,189,332 12,69,184, 189,210 235,305,306, 325,336,354 114,190 12,18,33,71,144, 203,261,332 189 115 13,17,28,52,103

TABLE 1. cont'd

TABLE 2. cont'd

Polymer-Solvent Trichloroethylene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

oXylene

Refs.

GC CM D DL GC GC GC GC CM D DL GC OS VP CM GC OS

306 29,184 60 184 305 307 306,307,325 306 29,184 60 184 305 33 13 29 235,306 33

VP

187

1.6. OTHER COMPOUNDS Poly(nitro-l,4-phenylene) 1,4-Dioxane

TABLE 2. MAIN-CHAIN CARBON HETEROATOM POLYMERS Polymer-Solvent

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Refs.

Butylcyclohexane Carbon dioxide

GC 362 CM 377,385 DL 338,386 Chlorobenzene GC 310,362 Chloroform GC 362 Cyclohexanol GC 362 Cyclohexanone GC 362 Decane GC 310,362 o-Dichlorobenzene GC 310 Dichloromethane GC 362 1,4-Dioxane CD 161 Dodecane GC 362 Ethylbenzene GC 362 Methane DL 386 Methylcyclohexane GC 362 2-Pentanone GC 362 Propyl alcohol GC 362 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane GC 362 Tetradecane GC 362 Toluene GC 362 Water DL 386 Poly(oxyethylene) [25322-68-3] and [9004-74-4], polyethylene glycol), poly(ethylene oxide) Acetone GC 268,302,317,376 Acetonitrile GC 268,320,376 Acetophenone GC 316 Aniline GC 239 Benzaldehyde GC 239 Benzene CD 262,312 CM 138,277,312 D 213,382 GC 239,268,274,276, 302,317,320,376 VP 175,213 Benzyl alcohol GC 239 p-Bromoacetophenone GC 316 2-Butanone GC 268,302,320,376 Butyl acetate GC 268,376 Butyl alcohol CD 218 GC 258,268,302 sec-Butyl alcohol GC 258,302 Carbon tetrachloride CM 129,185,277,357 DL 185 GC 268,302,376 VP 185,357 p-Chloroacetophenone GC 316 Chlorobenzene GC 239,317 Chloroform CD 230 CM 185,230 DL 185 GC 268,302,320,376 VP 117,185 1-Chlorohexane GC 376 Chloromethane CD 230 CM 230 Cyclohexane GC 302,317,320 Decane GC 239,302,320,376 1,2-Dichloroethane GC 268,376 Dichloromethane GC 276,376 1,5-Dichloropentane GC 376 1,2-Dimethoxyethane GC 320 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene GC 234 1,3-Dimethylnaphthalene GC 234 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene GC 234 1,5-Dimethylnaphthalene GC 234

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

3,4,5-Trimethylheptane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Water m-Xylene

Method

Method

2.1. POLY(OXIDES) AND POLY(ESTERS) Epoxy from bis(4-glycidylphenyl) propane and 1,6 hexanediamine Chloroform SW VP 1,4-Dioxane SW VP Poly(oxy-l,4-butanediyl) [25190-06-1], polytetrahydrofuran Acetone GC Acetonitrile GC Benzene GC 2-Butanone GC Butyl acetate GC Carbon tetrachloride GC Chlorobenzene GC Chloroform GC 1-Chlorohexane GC Cyclohexane GC Decane GC 1,2-Dichioroethane GC Dichloromethane GC 1,5-Dichloropentane GC 1,4-Dioxane GC Ethyl acetate GC Ethylbenzene GC Heptane GC Propyl ether GC Propyl sulfide GC Pyridine GC Tetrahydrofuran GC Toluene GC Poly(oxycarbonyloxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene-1,4-phenylene) [24936-68-3J and [25037-45-0J, poly(bisphenol A carbonate), poly (carbonate) Acetone DL Benzene GC Butyl acetate GC Butylbenzene GC te/7-Butylbenzene GC

Refs.

110 110 110 110

376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376 376

386 362 362 362 362

References page VII - 663 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

Retrieved from: www.knovel.com

TABLE 2.

TABLE 2. cont'd

contd

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Refs.

1-Methylnaphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene c-Nitroacetophenone p-Nitroacetophenone Nitroglycerin Nitromethane Nonane Octane Octyl alcohol Pentane 2-Pentanol Pentyl alcohol Phenol Phenyl acetate Propyl alcohol Propyl ether Propyl sulfide Pyridine Tetrahydrofuran Toluene

GC GC GC GC GC GC CM GC GC GC GC CD CM GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC CD CM GC LS GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

LS GC

234 234 234 234 234 234 129 302,320,376 239,302,320 317 276,317,320,376 218 138,277 258,276,302,317 320,376 302 234 234 316 316 239,302,320,376 302 302 258 239,276,302,317 258 258 302 258 316 316 258,320 316 316 320 302 316 316 218 138,277 258,268,274,317 242 234 234 316 316 346 302 239,302,344 239,302,317 258 302 258 258 239 239 258,317,320,344 376 376 302,320,376 268,376 268,302,317, 320,376 314 268

1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,7-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,4-Dioxane

Method

2,2,2-Trifluoroet.hanol Undecane Water

Ethylbenzene Ethyl ether 1-Ethylnaphthalene 2-Ethylnaphthalene o-Fluoroacetophenone p-Fluoroacetophenone Heptane 3-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl alcohol Hexane 2-Hexanol 3-Hexanol 1-Hexene Hexyl alcohol o-Hydroxyacetophenone /?-Hydroxyacetophenone Isopropyl alcohol 0-Methoxyacetophenone /?-Methoxyacetophenone 2-Methoxyethyl ether Methyl acetate oMethylacetophenone p-Methylacetophenone Methyl alcohol

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

GC GC CD

GC OS VP GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC GC CD CM D VP GC GC GC GC

234 234 234 231 234 234 234 231 234 234 265 132 265 132,165 234 234 234 234

D

m-Xylene o-Xylene Poly(oxyethyleneoxyadipoyl) [24937-05-1 ] 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,3-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,5-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,7-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene 1,4-Dioxane

Refs. 320 239,302 150,230,303,312, 324,352,365 62,91,139,194, 230,311,312,324, 348,356 62,176,300, 365,382 268 214,368 62,176,375 302 268

CM

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

Dodecane 2-Ethoxyethyl ether Ethyl acetate Ethyl alcohol

Polymer-Solvent

1-Ethylnaphthalene 2-Ethylnaphthalene 1-Methylnaphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene Poly(oxyethyleneoxysebacoyl) [26762-06-11 ] Butyl butyrate VP 197 1,4-Dioxane CM 132 VP 132 Poly(oxyethyleneoxysuccinyl) [25667-11-2] 1,4-Dioxane CM 132 VP 132 Poly(oxyhexamethyleneoxyadipoyl) [24937-10-8] 1,4-Dioxane CD 265 D 265 Poly(oxy- 1-oxopentamethylene) [26354-94-9] 1,4-Dioxane CD 265 D 265 Poly(oxypropylene) [25322-69-4], polypropylene glycol), poly(propylene oxide) Benzene CM 347,349 GC 331 VP 215 Butyl alcohol CM 118 DL 118 SW 118 ,sec-Butyl alcohol CM 118 SW 118 tert-Butyl alcohol CM 118 SW 118 Carbon tetrachloride CM 118,163,371 DL 163 SW 118 VP 163,371 Chloroform CM 163 DL 163 VP 163

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TABLE 2. cont'd

Cyclohexane

Cyclohexene Ethyl alcohol

Heptane 1-Heptene 2-Heptene Hexane

1-Hexene cw-2-Hexene fra/w-2-Hexene Isobutyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Methyl alcohol

2-Methylhexane 2-Methylpentane Nonane 2-Pentanol Pentyl alcohol Propyl alcohol

Pyridine Water

Method

Refs.

CM 118 GC 331 SW 118 GC 331 CM 118,347,348 DL 118 SW 118 GC 331 GC 331 GC 331 CD 241 CM 118,241 D 241 GC 331 SW 118 GC 331 GC 331 GC 331 CM 118 SW 118 CM 118 SW 118 CM 89 D 89 VP 89 GC 331 GC 331 GC 344 CM 118 SW 118 CM 118 SW 118 CM 118 GC 344 SW 118 CM 347 CD 241 CM 62,91,164,241,272, 311,322,348,353,373 D 62,241 VP 62,323

cont'd

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Refs.

2.3. POLY(SILOXANES) Poly(oxydimethylsilylene) [9016-00-6], poly(dimethylsiloxane) Acetone SW 182 Benzene CD 253 CM 20,116,169 D 169 SW 182 VP 20,204 ds-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane CM 293 /ra/?s-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane CM 293 Bromocyclohexane CM 184 DL 184 Butane VP 99 2-Butanone CM 141,184,205,380 DL 184 GC 383 LS 380 SW 182 Butyl acetate CM 122 Butyl ether CM 122 Butyl propionate CM 122 Carbon dioxide CM 377 Carbon tetrachloride CM 116 Chlorobenzene CM 116 GC 310 OS 168 Cyclohexane CM 116,169,293 D 169 OS 168 Cyclopentane CM 293 Cyclooctane CM 293 Decane CD 253 CM 95 GC 270,310 Decyl acetate CM 122 tf-Dichlorobenzene GC 310 Diethoxymethane CM 122 3,3-Diethylpentane CM 293 1,2-Dimethoxyethane CM 122 2,3-Dimethylbutane GC 270 2,5-Dimethylhexane GC 270 2,2-Dimethylpentane CM 293 GC 270 2,3-Dimethylpentane CM 293 2,4-Dimethylpentane CM 293 3,3-Dimethylpentane CM 293 2,2-Dimethylpropane VP 99 Dodecane CM 95,294 Ethyl acetate CM 122,184,205 DL 184 Ethylbenzene CD 253 CM 169 D 169 VP 204 Ethyl butyrate CM 122 Ethyl decanoate CM 122 Ethyl dodecanoate CM 122 Ethyl ether CM 122,205 Ethyl heptanoate CM 122 Ethyl hexanoate CM 122 Ethyl nonanoate CM 122 Ethyl octanoate CM 122 3-Ethylpentane CM 293 Ethyl pentanoate CM 122

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

Polymer-Solvent

TABLE 2.

Poly(oxytrimethyleneoxyadipoyl) [36221 -42-8] 1,4-Dioxane CM VP

132 132

2.2. POLY(AMIDES) Poly[L~iminocarbonyl(benzyloxycarbony!ethyl) methylene] [25038-53-3], poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate) Chloroform CD 179 Dichloroacetic acid CD 179 CM 142 1,2-Dichloroethane CM 142 D 133 VP 133 WV-Dimethylformamide VP 227 Pyridine D 133 VP 133 Poly[L-iminocarbonyl(benzyloxycarbonylmethyl) methylene] [25736-41-8], poly(y-benzyl-L-aspartate) Chloroform D 133 VP 133 Poly[imino(l-oxohexarnethylene)] [25038-54-4], nylon 6 Decyl alcohol VP 197 Water VP 370

References page VII - 663 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

Retrieved from: www.knovel.com

TABLE 2. confd

TABLE 2. cont'd

Polymer-Solvent Ethyl propionate Ethyl undecanoate 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane Heptane

Hexane

Hexyl acetate Hexyl alcohol Hexyl ether Isopropylbenzene

Methyl alcohol Methyl butyrate Methylcyclohexane Methyl decanoate Methyl heptanoate 3-Methylhexane Methyl heptanoate Methyl nonanoate Methyl octanoate Methyl pentanoate 2-Methylpropane Methyl propionate Nonane

Nonyl acetate Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Octamethyltrisiloxane Octane

Octyl acetate 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane Pentane

2-Pentanone Pentyl acetate Pentyl ether Pentyl propionate Propyl acetate

Refs.

CM CM CM CD CM D DL GC CM CM CD CM DL CD CM DL GC VP CM SW CM CM D SW CM CM D CM CM CM CM CM CM CM VP CM CM GC CM CM DL VP CD CD CM GC VP CM CM CD CM GC VP SW CM CM CM CM DL SW CM CM CD CM CM

122 122 294 253 95,116,169,184 169 184 270 122 95,294 253 181,184 184 253 95,184 184 270 204 122 182 122 169 169 182 122 169 169 122 122 293 122 122 122 122 99 122 95 270 122 40,184 184 40 253 253 95,294 270 204 122 294 253 95 270 99 182 122 122 122 122,184 184 182 122 122 253 95 293,294

Polymer-Solvent

Method

Refs.

CM CD CM D OS SW VP CM CM D CM GC CM CM D SW CM D SW CD CM D SW

293 253 169 169 168 182 204,372 95,205 169 169 294 270 95 169 169 182 169 169 182 253 169 169 182

D LS OS VP D D D VP D CM D VP DL D VP CM VP D OS VP D VP D OS

65,152 304 65 65,108 152 152 152 109 152 251 152 108 335 152 108 251 109 65 65 65 152 108 3 3

CD CM D OS VP VP D CM D VP CM VP VP

4,7 21,55 4,7,128 202 4,7,16,42,67,108 42 128 21,55 128 42 21,328,379 42 42

2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane Toluene

Tridecane 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

Co py rig hte dM ate ria l

Heptyl acetate Hexadecane Hexamethyldisiloxane

Method

Propyl alcohol Propyl ether Propyl propionate Tetradecane 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons

Undecane m-Xylene