Edinger - Anatomy of the psyche. Alchemical symbolism in psychotherapy

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]a armer naaos crah Apej Iaurt, idll tall cree 4-622-645->>62. Apej Iaurt Runl`sf`jg Iahpdjy `s d m`v`s`aj ac Idrus Runl`sf`jg Iahpdjy. ]f`s naao fds neej repramuiem `j d pr`jt -ajmehdjm carhdt crah tfe 400= Apej Iaurt pr`jt`jg.

Caurtf pr`jt`jg 4004 C`ctf pr`jt`jg 4009 Y`xtf pr`jt`jg 400= Dll r`gfts reservem. Ja pdrt ac tf`s punl`idt`aj hdy ne repramuiem, starem `j d retr`evdl systeh, ar trdjsh`ttem, `j djy carh ar ny djy hedjs, eleitraj`i, heifdj`idl, pfataiapy`jg, reiarm`jg, ar atferw`se, w`tfaut tfe pr`ar wr`ttej perh`ss`aj ac tfe punl`sfer. Apej Iaurt Runl`sf`jg Iahpdjy, 945 C`ctf Ytreet, R.A. Nax 922, Reru, @ll`ja`s 3495=-2922.

Rr`jtem djm naujm `j tfe Uj`tem Ytdtes ac Dher`id. L`nrdry ac Iajgress Idtdlag`jg `j Runl`idt`aj Runl`idt`aj Mdtd Em`jger, Emwdrm C. Djdtahy ac tfe psyife. (]fe ^edl`ty ac tfe psyife ser`es) N`nl`agrdpfy; p. 4. Rsyifadjdlys`s. >. Dlifehy. 9. @jm`v`mudt`aj. 4. ]`tle. @@. Yer`es. NC475.E>07 4065 452.40'5= 65-445=3 @YNJ; 2-64>3-0220-5 ]FE ^EDL@]P AC ]FE RYPIFE YE^@EY Ar`g`jdlly punl`sfem `j tfe callaw`jg `ssues ac Tudmrdjt; ]fe Kaurjdl ac tfe I. G. Kujg Caujmdt`aj car Djdlyt`idl Rsyifalagy. Ifdpters 4 djm > ” Saluhe Saluhe 44, Juhner 4 (Yuhher 4076) Ifdpter 9 ” Saluhe Saluhe 44, Juhner > (W`jter 4076) Ifdpter = ” Saluhe Saluhe 4>, Juhner 4 (Yuhher 4070) Ifdpter 5 ” Saluhe Saluhe 49, Juhner 4 (Ypr`jg 4062) Ifdpter 3 ” Saluhe Saluhe 4=, Juhner 4 (Ypr`jg 4064) Ifdpter 7 ” Saluhe Saluhe 4=, Juhner > (Cdll 4064) Ifdpter 6 ” Saluhe Saluhe 45, Juhner 4 (Ypr`jg 406>)  Jate aj aj Dn Dnnrev nrev`dt`a `dt`ajs js ]fe Ialleitem Waros ac Kujg dre i`tem ds IW. Sdr`aus vers`ajs ac tfe N`nle dre dnnrev`dtem ds callaws; DS Dutfar`zem (O`jg Kdhes) Sers`aj MS Maudy Sers`aj ^YS ^ev`sem Ytdjmdrm Sers`aj  JEN Jew E Ejgl` jgl`sf sf N`nle N`nle KN Kerusdleh N`nle  JDN Jew Jew D Dher`id her`idj j N`nle N`nle

 

_Let

u s X . . . stumy

tfdt true

N`nle, ds we iaujt `t, ac tfe

fuhdj namy djm ac tfe jdture ac hdj. Djmreds Sesdl`us

 

- •Y -Iajtejts-Y*-

L`st ac @llustrdt`ajs/x Rrecdie/x`x Ifdpter 4 / @jtramuit`aj/4 Ifdpter >/ Idli`jdt`a/47 Idli`jdt`a /47 Ifdpter 9 / Yalut`a / Yalut`a  / =7 Ifdpter =/ 6 9 Ifdpter 5/ Iadguldt`a/ 69 Yunl`hdt`ak 447 Yunl`hdt`ak  447 Ifdpter 3 /Hart`c`idt`a  /Hart`c`idt`a /4=7  /4=7 Ifdpter 7 4 Yepdrdt`a 4469 4469 Ifdpter 6/ Iaj`ujit`a / Iaj`ujit`a  / >44 N`nl`agrdpfy/>99

 

L`st ac @lustrdt`ajs

^icirijiis ta pr`hdry sauries dppedr ujmer `llustrdt`aj t`tles. Car seiajmdry sauries, see idpt`ajs car `jm`v`mudl `llustrdt`ajs djm N`nl`agrdpfy. Crajt`sp`eie ]fe Haujtd`j-Idve ac tfe Dmepts. Yyhnal`i ^àsuhà ac tfe Dlifeh`idl Apus. H`ifelspdifer, Apus.  H`ifelspdifer, Idndld Idndld (435=).  (435=). @-   @ (pdge =) Hdiraiash djm H`iraiash @jteriajjeitem. Wd`te, D. E., trdjs., ]fe  Ferhet`i  Ferhe t`i Hus Huseuh. euh.   4-   > (pdge 7) ]fe Dlifeh`st Gu`mem ny Gam. Ndrifusej,  Elehe  Elehejtd jtd If Ifeh`de eh`de (4746), Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque Jdt`ajdle.   4-   9 (pdge 49) ]fe ]fe Rr`hd  Rr`hd Hdter Hdter`d `d ds  ds Ifdas. Hdralles, ]dnledux mu tehple mes huses  huses   (4355), Lajmaj, Nr`t`sf Huseuh. 4-   = (pdge 4=) Iernerus ds tfe Mevaur`jg djm Ejtdjgl`jg Dspeit ac tfe  Rr`hd Hdter Hdter`d. `d.   (45tf iejtury), N`nl`ateid Dpastùl`id Sdt`idjd, Iam. Rdl. ldt. 4233, cal. >90. >-   4 (pdge 46) Idli`jdt`a ac Idli`jdt`a  ac tfe O`jg. ]fe Walc ds  Rr`h  Rr`hd d Hdter Hdter`d. `d. Mevaur`jg tfe Medm O`jg. Hd`er, Dtdld Hd`er,  Dtdldjtd jtd Cug Cug`ejs `ejs (4346).  (4346). >-   > (pdge >4) Idli`jdt`a ac Idli`jdt`a  ac dj Edrtf-Dj`hdl. HY. Yladje 4. 4943 (47tf iejtury), Lajmaj, Nr`t`sf Huseuh. >-   9 (pdge >>) Idli`jdt`a ac Idli`jdt`a  ac tfe Mevaur`jg Rdrejt.  Hutus L`ner  L`ner  (472>).   (472>).

 

L@Y] AC @LLUY]^D]@AJY

> = (pdge >9) ]fe C`re ac tfe Mrdgaj Ne`jg Natf Cdjjem djm Ext`jgu`sfem. ]r`shas`j, Yplejmar Yal`s ( Yal`s ( 456>), >-   5 (pdge >5) ]fe C`ery Curjdie ac Mdj`el. N`nle ac Yt. Ytepfej Fdrm`jg (4>tf Iejtury), M`kaj, N`nl`atfæque Huj`i`pdle, HY. 4=. >-   3 (pdge >3) ]fe Ytdrry Ydldhdjmer ]fdt L`ves `j tfe C`re. ]fe Heriur`dl Yp`r`t ac tfe Rr`hd tfe  Rr`hd Hdter Hdter`d, `d, ds  ds Ydldhdjmer, Cral`io`jg `j tfe C`re. Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td  Cug`ejss (4346).  Cug`ej >-   7 (pdge >6) ]fe S`alejt ]arturem `j d ^d`j ac C`re. Marà,  @llustr  @llustrdt`ajs dt`ajs car M Mdjte‑s djte‑s  M`v`je Iahe Iahemy. my.   >-   6 (pdge 99) Idli`jdt`a ac Idli`jdt`a  ac tfe Ferhdpfram`te. Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td Cu Cug`ejs g`ejs (4346). >-   0 (pdge 9=) ]fe C`re Yawer. E. Kdiany. >-   42 (pdge 93) Rejteiast. Marà,  N`nle @llustrdt`ajs. @llustrdt`ajs. >-   44 (pdge 90) Yf`vd Mdji`jg `j d I`rile ac C`re. Nrajze (4>tf ar 49tf iejtury), Dhstermdh, Huseuh vdj Dz`dt`sife Oujst. >-   4> (pdge =4) Yt. Kafj Na`lem `j A`l. Mürer, 4=06. >-   49 (pdge ==) Expuls`aj ac tfe Mehajs. Ejgrdv`jg (47tf Iejtury). >-   4= (pdge =5) ]fe O`jg `j tfe Ywedtnax. Hd`er,  Dtdld  Dtdldjtd jtd Cu Cug`ejs g`ejs (4346).  (4346). 9-   4 (pdge 52) Y`egcr`em djm tfe ^f`je Hd`mejs. ^diofdh, Ialar @llustrdt`ajs car Wdgjer's “^`jg."   9-> (pdge 54) ]fe O`jg djm Tueej `j tfe Ndtf. Hyl`us,  Rf`las  Rf`lasapf`d apf`d recarh recarhdtd dtd (43>>).  (43>>). 9-   9 (pdge 59 Yalut`a ac tfe O`jg. Ndiograujm; Mrawj`jg O`jg Idll`jg car Felp. Yalut`a ac Caregraujm; ]fe O`jg ^enarj. ]r`shas`j. Yplejmar Yal`s (456>). Yal`s (456>).

 

DJD]AHP AC ]FE RYPIFE  

9-   = (pdge 5=) ]fe N`rtf ac Dpfram`te, (i. =32 n.i.), ^ahe, ]erhe Huseuh. 9-   5 (pdge 55) Fylds djm tfe Jyhpfs. Kafj W`ll`dh Wdterfause, Hdjifester, Ejgldjm, I`ty Drt Gdllery. 9-   3 (pdge 53) Ndtfsfend. ^ehnrdjmt, Rdr`s, tfe Lauvre. 9-   7 (pdge 57) Yusdjjd djm tfe Elmers. ]`jtaretta, S`ejjd, Gehílmegdler`e.   9-   6 (pdge 50) M`djd djm Ditdeaj. ]`t`dj, Em`jnurgf, Jdt`ajdl Gdllery ac Yiatldjm. 9-   0 (pdge 34) Ndpt`sh w`tf Lujdr Wdter Wf`le Ne`jg N`ttej ny Mrdgajs. Dsfhale, em., ]fedtruh Ifeh`iuh Nr`tdjj`iuh (435>). Nr`tdjj`iuh (435>). 9-   42 (pdge 3>) Ndiifdjdl ac tfe Djmr`djs. ]`t`dj, Hdmr`m, Rrdma. 9-   44 (pdge 35) Ndtfers. ^eja`r, Rf`ldmelpf`d, Ialleit`aj ac Idrrall ]ysaj. 9-   4> (pdge 37) ]fe Claam. Marà,  N`nle @llustrdt`ajs. @llustrdt`ajs. 9-  

49 (pdge 30)

“Ydve He, A Gam? car tfe Wdters Dre Iahe `j Ujta Hy Yaul." @llustrdt`aj car Rsdlh 30, ]fe S`siajt` Faurs, Clarejie,  Jdt `aj dl L`nr dry. 9-  

4= (pdge 79)

Rfdrdaf's Drhy Mrawj`jg `j tfe ^em Yed. ]fe S`siajt` Faurs,  Faurs,  Clarejie, Jdt`ajdl L`nrdry. 9-  

45 (pdge 7=)

]fe Wahdj Wdsf`jg Ilatfes. Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td Cug Cug`ejs `ejs (4346). 9-   43 (pdge 73) ]fe Iarpse ac tfe Hergem O`jg djm Tueej Ne`jg Rur `c`em djm ^edj`hdtem ny Fedvejly Mew.  ^asdr`  ^asdr`uh uh Rf`lasapf Rf`lasapfaruh aruh..  Crdjocurt (4552).

=-   4 (pdge 6=) Edrtf Jurses tfe C`l`us tfe  C`l`us Rf`las Rf`lasapfaru apfaruh. h. Hd`er,  Hd`er, Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td Cug Cug`ejs `ejs   (4346).   (4346).

 

L@Y] AC @LLUY]^D]@AJY

=   > (pdge 67) Edgle Ifd`jem ta d Graujm Dj`hdl. Ytali`u«, S`r`mdjuh Ifyh`iuh  Ifyh`iuh  (43>=). =-   9 (pdge 60) ]fe Cdll ac tfe ^enel Djgels.  Les ]ræs ]ræs ^`ife  ^`ifess Feu Feures res m mu u Mui me Ne Nerry, rry,   Ifdjt`lly, Husàe Iajmà.   =-   = (pdge 0>) ]fe Ytaje ac Ydturj. Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldj`d `d Cu Cug`ejs g`ejs (4346).  (4346). =-   5 (pdge 0=) ]fe ]arture ac Rrahetfeus. Haredu. =-   3 (pdge 03) S`rg`j djm If`lm aj Iresiejt Haaj. Mürer.   =-   7 (pdge 07) L`nerty Ledm`jg tfe Reaple. Meldira`x, Rdr`s, tfe Lauvre. =-   6 (pdge 42>) Cartuje ar Jehes`s Idrry`jg tfe Iup djm Fdrjess ac Mest`jy.

Mürer.   =-   0 (pdge 425) ]fe Djjuji`dt`aj. Mrdw`jg ny ^ehnrdjmt, Nesdjçaj. Husàe Iahhujdl. =-   42 (pdge 423) “Yaw Paur Galm `j Wf`te Edrtf.‘ Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldj`d `d Cug Cug`ejs `ejs (4346). =-   44 (pdge 427) Irui`c`x`aj. Mrdw`jg crah ^dhsey Rsdlter (i. 062), Lajmaj, Nr`t`sf Huseuh. =-   4> (pdge 426) ]fe Heriur`dl Yerpejt Irui`c`em. Dlif`h`e me Cldhel. HY. Crdjçd`s 4=735, Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque Jdt`ajdle.   =-   49 (pdge 420) ]rdjsc`x`aj ac tfe Heriur`dl Yerpejt djm tfe O`jg. “Ypeiuluh ver`tdt`s,‘ Iam. Sdt`idjus Ldt`jus 7>63 (47tf Iejtury), N`nl`ateid Sdt`idjd. =-   4= (pdge 442) Dmdh djm Eve. Mürer.  =-   45 (pdge 44>) ]fe Ldst Yupper. Jate tfe ]`jy Nldio Mev`l Ejter`j g Kumds' Hautf. ]fe Faurs ac Idtfer`je ac Ileves. ]fe Ileves.  ]fe Guejjal Ialleit`aj djm tfe R`erpajt Hargdj L`nrdry.

 

5-   4 (pdge 440) Ydtell`te Rfatagrdpf ac Idpe Iam djm S`i`j`ty.  Rfata Dtlds ac tfe Uj`tem Ytdtes.  Ytdtes.  5-   > (pdge 4>2) Yunl`hdt`a. Ydpejt`d veteruh pf`lasapfaruh s`ve maitr`jd earujmuh me suhhd et uj`versdl` hem`i`jd (46tf hem`i`jd  (46tf iejtury), Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque me rDrsejdl, HY. 07=.  07=.   5-   9 (pdge 4>4) Extrdit`aj ac tfe Wf`te Mave. ]r`shas`j, Yplejmar Yal`s (456>). 5-   = (pdge 4>>) ]fe Iry. Hujif (4605), Asla, Jdt`ajdl Huseuh. 5-   5 (pdge 4>=) Extrdit`aj ac Heriur`us djm Iarajdt`aj ac tfe S`rg`j. Lawer Level; Heriur`us (^epresejtem ds d Hajstras`ty) Ne`jg Extrditem crah tfe  Rr`h  Rr`hd d Hdter`d. Hdter`d.  Upper Level; Dssuhpt`aj djm Iarajdt`aj ac tfe S`rg`j, ]rdjscarh`jg tfe ]r`j`ty `jta d Tudteh`ty. Ypeiuluh tr`j`tdt`s  tr`j`tdt`s  crah ^eusjer, Rdjma ^eusjer,  Rdjmard rd (4566). 5-   3 (pdge 49>) Dsiejs`aj ac El`kdf. Marà,  N`nle @llustrdt`ajs @llustrdt`ajs..  5-   7 (pdge 499) Dssuhpt`aj ac tfe S`rg`j. ]fe Faurs ac Idtfer`je ac Ileves, ]fe Guejjal Ialleit`aj djm tfe R`erpajt Hargdj L`nrdry. 5-   6 (pdge 495) As`r`s ds d Ldmmer. Crah tfe pdpyrus ac Dj`, Nr`t`sf Huseuh. 5-   0 (pdge 496)

]fe Hyst`is‑ Ldmmer ta Fedvej. @iaj crah Yt. Idtfer`je‑s Hajdstery, Haujt Y`jd` ( @ ltf-4>tf iejtury). 5-   42 (pdge 4=2) Y`heaj Ytyl`tes aj F`s Ialuhj Nes`egem ny d Yerpejt. ^el`qudry (3tf iejtury), Rdr`s, tfe Lauvre. 5-   44 (pdge 4=4) Mdjte‑s Ldmmer ac Ydturj. Marà,  @llustr  @llustrdt`ajs dt`ajs car M Mdjte‑s djte‑s  M`v`je Iah  M`v`je Iahemy emy..  5-   4> (pdge 4=9) ]fe ]awer ac Ndnel. Nruegel (4539), S`ejjd, Oujstf`star`sifes Huseuh.

 

L@Y] AC @LLUY]^D]@AJY

3-4 (pdge 4=6) Yoeletaj ds  Hart`c`  Hart`c`idt`a idt`a @hdge.  @hdge. Wd`te, D. E., trdh.. ]fe Ferhet`i  Huseuh..   Huseuh 3-> (pdge 4=0) ]fe ]r`uhpf ac Medtf. Cresia ny Crdjiesia ]rd`j` (i. 4952), R`sd, Idhpasdjta. 3-   9 (pdge 454) Yal djm Lujd O`ll tfe Mrdgaj. Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldj`d `d Cug Cug`ejs `ejs (4346). 3-   = (pdge 45>) Medtf Raurs d Mr`jo car tfe O`jg. Falne`j, ]fe Mdjie ac Medtf  Medtf  (4596). 3-   5 (pdge 459) Medtf ac tfe O`jg. Ytali`us, S`r`mdr`uh Ifyh`iuh (43>=). Ifyh`iuh (43>=). 3-   3 (pdge 453) Hdssdire ac tfe @jjaiejts. Dlifeh`idl mrdw`jg. 3-   7 (pdge 457) Medtf Nlaw`jg tfe Warh ]ruhpet. K. Heymejndif, Heymejndif, Matej  Matej Mdjtz   (i. 4=0>), Hd`jz. 3-   6 (pdge 450) Iaj`ujit`a `j Iaj`ujit`a  `j tfe Nldio Sds. ]fe  J`gr  J`grema. ema. Rdr`s,  Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque me l‑Drsejdl, HY. 075, cal. 4=.   3-   0 (pdge 434) Grd`j Graw`jg crah tfe Iarpse ac As`r`s. Crah d nds-rel`ec dt Rf`lde. 3-   42 (pdge 43>) Grd`j Graw`jg crah tfe Grdve, Yyhnal`z`jg ^esurreit`aj. Wd`te, D. E., trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh.  Huseuh.  3-   44 (pdge 43=) Medtf djm tfe Ldjmsojeift. Mürer.  3-   4> (pdge 435) ]fe J`gre ]fe  J`grema. ma. Hyl`us,  Hyl`us,  Rf`las  Rf`lasapf`d apf`d recarhdtd recarhdtd (43>>).  (43>>).   3-   49 (pdge 433) Ydlahe w`tf tfe Fedm ac Kafj tfe Ndpt`st.  Les Nelles Nelles Feures Feures mu Huseuh  Mui me me Ner Nerry, ry, Jew  Jew Paro, ]fe Hetrapal`tdj ac Drt.

 

3-  

4= (pdge 430)

]fe Medtf Fedm Ra`jts ta tfe Iash`i Ypfere. Falne`j, ]fe Mdjie ac  Medtf   (4596).  Medtf 3-  

45 (pdge 473)

]fe Yiaurg`jg ac Ifr`st. Hd`r ac Ldjmsfut (45tf iejtury), Lajmaj, Nr`t`sf Huseuh. 3-  

43 (pdge 470)

Rdt`ejt‑s Mrdw`jg.   7-   4 (pdge 46=) Gam Iredt`jg tfe Warlm. Hdjusir`pt `llustrdt`aj (49tf iejtury), S`ejjd, Dustr`dj Jdt`ajdl L`nrdry. 7-   > (pdge 465) Iutt`jg tfe Rf`lasapf`idl Egg. Hd`er,  Dtdld  Dtdldjtd jtd C Cug`ejs ug`ejs (4346). 7-   9 (pdge 463) ]fe Yepdrdt`aj ac Fedvej djm Edrtf; Jut L`ctem Dnave Gen ny Yfu. Mrdw`jg dcter dj `llustrdt`aj `j D. Kereh`ds,  Mds Dlte Dlte ]estdhejt `h L`ifte mes Dltej Ar`ejts. Le`pz`g Ar`ejts.  Le`pz`g (402=). ]ur`j, Egypt`dj Huseuh. 7-   = (pdge 402) ]fe Dies ac tfe Caur ]drat Yu`ts ; Ywarms, Ytdves, Ia`js, djm Iups. Hdrse`lles ]drat. 7-   5 (pdge 40>) Ifr`st ac tfe Dpaidlypse. Mürer.   7-   3 (pdge 40=) Kaust Netweej Yal djm Lujd.  Dura  Durard rd Ia Iajsurge jsurgejs js (4=tf  (4=tf iejtury), [ur`if, [ejtrdln`nl`atfeo, Iam. rfejavdiejs`s 47>, cal. 42. 7-   7 (pdge 405) ]fe Dwdoej`jg ac tfe Yleep`jg O`jg ds d Kumghejt ac Rdr`s. ]fahds Dqu`jds _pseum.X, “Me Dlifeh`d,‘ (43tf iej tury), Le`mej, N`nl`atfeo mer ^`kosuj`vers`te`t, Iam. Sass`djus >0, cal. 76. 7-   6 (pdge 403) Yif`shdt`is. Marà,  @llustr  @llustrdt`ajs dt`ajs car M Mdjte‑s djte‑s M`v`je Iahemy Iahemy--

7-   0 (pdge 406) je Dlifeh`st ds Geaheter. Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td Cug`ejs Cug`ejs (4346).  (4346).

 

L@Y] AC @LLUY]^D]@AJY

7-   42 (pdge 400) Kust`ie. Hdrse`lles ]drat. 7-  

44 (pdge >24)

Hases Ytr`o`jg Wdter crah tfe ^aio. N`nl`d Rduperuh Ndvdr`d (4=4=), Huj`if, Ndyer`sife Ytddtsn`nl`atfeo. Ilh. 6>24, cal. 63v. 7-   4> (pdge >25) Irui`c`x`aj djm Ldst Kumghejt. F. Sdj Eyio, Jew Paro, ]fe Hetrapal`tdj Huseuh ac Drt. 7-   49 (pdge >27) ]fe Yaul ac tfe Meiedsem @s We`gfem `j tf e Ndldjie. Crah tfe  pdp yru s a c D j`, ]fe Nr` t`s f Hu seu h. 7-  

4=

(pdge >26)

]fe Drifdjgel H`ifdel We`gf`jg Yauls. Sdj mer Weymej (45tf iejtury), Naurgagje, Fasp`ie me Neduhe. 6-   4 (pdge >49) ]fe Mrdgaj O`lls tfe Wahdj djm Yfe O`lls @t. Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td  Cug`ejss (4346).  Cug`ej 6-   > (pdge >47) Iaj`ujit`a `j Iaj`ujit`a  `j tfe Dlifeh`idl Sessel. (47tf iejtury), Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque me 4‑Drsejdl, HY. 075, cal. 49.   6-   9 (pdge >40) ]fe Irui`c`x`aj ds d Iaj`ujit`a Iaj`ujit`a Netweej  Netweej Yal djm Lujd. (Ldte 0tf iejtury), Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque Jdt`ajdle, HY. ldt. >57, cal. 4>v. 6-   = (pdge >>4) ]fe I`rile ac tfe Pedr ds d Iaj`ujit`a Iaj`ujit`a ac  ac Yal djm Lujd. Hem`evdl Mrdw`jg, Ytuttgdrt, Wurttehnerg`sife Ldjmesn`nl`atfeo, Iam. f`st. cal. =45, cal. 47v. 6-   5 (pdge >>>) ]fe Jew Kerusdleh ds d Iaj`ujit`a Iaj`ujit`a ac  ac Yal djm Lujd. ]fe Ila`sters  Dpaidlypse,  Dpaidl ypse, cat. 93, 93, Jew  Jew Paro, tfe Hetrapal`tdj Huseuh ac Drt.

 

6-  @llustrd 3 (pdge >>5) ]fe Fedvejly ^ase. Marà,  @llustrdt`ajs t`ajs car Mdjte's Mdjte's M`v`je Iahemy. Iahemy. 6-   7 (pdge >>3) Ytdr ]rd`ls Draujm tfe Rale. Rfata Peroes Anservdtary.

 

6-   6 (pdge >>0) Dutan`agrdpfy ds d Hdjmdte. Evejts `j tfe L`ce ac Ap`i`jus me Idj`str`s Drrdjgem Iajiejtr`idlly crah F`s Iajiept`aj aj Hdrif >=, 4>03, ta Iahplet`aj ac Mrdw`jg aj Kuje 9, 4993.

N`nl`ateid Dpastùl`id Sdt`idjd, HY. Rdl. ldt. 4009 cal. @ @j

 

Rrecdie

Kujg‑s m`siavery ac tfe redl`ty ac tfe psyife apejs tfe wdy car d jew dppradif ta trdm`t`ajdl hdter`dl. ^el`g`aus djm l`terdry sir`ptures, ds well ds tfe grap`jgs ac tfe pratasi`ejies suif ds dlifehy, dstralagy, djm pre-Yairdt`i pf`lasapfy, idj jaw ne ujmerstaam ds tfe pfejahejalagy ac tfe ankeit`ve psyife.

Iajt`ju`jg Kujg‑s stumy ac dlifehy, tf`s naao dttehpts ta nr`jg `jta v`s`n`l`ty iertd`j exper`ejt`dl hames ar idtegar`es ac tfe `jm`v`mudt`aj  pr aies s tfd t dpp edr `j dlif eh` idl syhn al` sh. Dltf augf tfe mdt d use m car dhpl`c`idt`aj mer`ve crah tfe hast vdr`em sauries, tfey dll serve ta `llustrdte pdtterjs djm reguldr`t`es ac tfe ankeit`ve psyife ” tfdt t fdt `s, drifetypdl `hdges ac trdjscarhdt`aj. Wfdt @ presejt `s je`tfer d tfearet`idl iajstruit jar d pf`lasapf`idl speiuldt`aj, nut rdtfer dj armer`jg ac psyif`i cdits psyif`i  cdits ndsem  ndsem aj tfe hetfam ac Kuj g. ]fese cdits ga ta hdoe up dj djdtahy ac tfe psyife,  psyife,   wf`if `s dt tfe sdhe t`he dj ehnryalagy, s`jie we dre medl`jg w`tf d praiess ac mevelaphejt djm trdjscarhdt`aj. ]fe gredt vdlue ac dlifeh`idl `hdges `s tfdt tfey g`ve us dj ankeit`ve ankeit`ve   nds`s crah wf`if ta dppradif mredhs djm atfer ujiajsi`aus hdter`dl. W`tf tfe psyife hare tfdj w`tf djy atfer sunkeit `t `s very m`cc`iult ta m`st`jgu`sf netweej ankeit`ve cdit djm persajdl n`ds. D waro`jg ojawlemge ac dlifeh`idl `hdges idj ne very felpcul `j prahat`jg tf`s huif jeemem ankeit`v`ty. Aur gadl, g`vej succ`i`ejt cdh`l`dr`ty w`tf drifetypdl syhnal`sh djm succ`i`ejt selcojawlemge crah persajdl djdlys`s, `s dj djdtahy ac tfe psyife tfdt `s ds ankeit`ve ds tfe djdtahy ac tfe namy.

 

 Djdtah  Djd tahy y ac ac tfe tfe Rsyif Rsyifee

 

@jtramuit`aj

FE R^AIEYY AC RYPIFA]FE^DRP ,   wfej

`t gaes dt dll meep, sets `jta

 hat`aj pracaujm djm hyster`aus fdppej`jgs. @t `s very edsy car

]

 nat f p dt` ejt djm tfe rdp `st ta lase tfe `r wdy. ]f`s `s wfy jdr raw djm `jdmequdte tfear`es ac tfe psyife dre ilujg ta sa mesperdtely ” dt d t ledst

tfey prav`me sahe sejse ac ar`ejtdt`aj. @c we dre jat ta sunh`t psyif`i  pfej ahej d t a tf e R rai rus ted j n em ac d pre iaj ie` vem tfe ary, we h ust seeo tfe idtegar`es car ujmerstdjm`jg tfe psyife w`tf`j tfe psyife `tselc.

Dj alm dlifeh`idl m`ituh sdys, “M`ssalve tfe hdtter `j `ts awj wdter.‘   ]f`s `s wfdt we ma wfej we try ta ujmerstdjm tfe praiess ac psyifatferdpy `j terhs ac dlifehy. Ds Kujg fds mehajstrdtem, dlifeh`idl syhnal`sh `s ldrgely d pramuit ac tfe

ujiajsi`aus psyife. “]fe redl jdture ac hdtter wds ujojawj ta tfe dlifeh`st? fe ojew `t ajly `j f`jts. @jdshuif ds fe tr`em ta explare `t fe prakeitem tfe ujiajsi`aus `jta tfe mdrojess ac hdtter `j armer ta `lluh`jdte `t QQQQ Wf`le waro`jg aj f`s ifeh`idl exper`hejts tfe aperdtar fdm iertd`j psyif`i exper`ejies wf`if dppedrem ta f`h ds tfe pdrt`iuldr nefdv`ar ac tfe ifeh`idl praiess. Y`jie `t wds d quest`aj ac prakeit`aj, fe wds jdturdlly ujiajsi`aus ac tfe cdit tfdt tfe exper`ejie fdm jatf`jg ta ma w`tf hdtter `tselc. Fe exper`ejiem f`s prakeit`aj ds d praperty ac hdtter? nut wfdt fe wds `j redl`ty exper`eji`jg wds f`s awj ujiajsi`aus."4   Ds Kujg stum`em dlifehy fe caujm tfdt tf`s luxur`djt jetwaro ac `hdges wds,

`jmeem, tfe psyife‑s “awj wdter‘ wf`if iaulm ne usem ta ujmerstdjm tfe iahplex iajtejts ac tfe psyife. Fe wrate; @ fdm very saaj seej tfdt djdlyt`idl psyifalagy ia`ji`mem `j d hast iur`aus wdy w`tf dlifehy. ]fe exper`ejies ac tfe dlifeh`sts, were, `j d sejse, hy exper`ejies, djm tfe`r warlm wds hy warlm. ]f`s wds, ac iaurse, d hahejtaus m`siavery; 4 fdm stuhnlem upaj tfe f`star`idl iaujterpdrt ac hy psyifalagy ac tfe ujiajsi`aus. ]fe pass`n`l`ty ac d iahpdr`saj w`tf dlifehy, djm tfe uj`jterruptem `jtelleitudl ifd`j ndio ta Gjast`i`sh, gdve sunstdjie

  4>, pdrs. 9=5 cc.  cc.   ‑Kujg,  Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy, IW  4>,

 

ta hy psyifalagy. Wfej 4 parem aver tfase alm texts everytf`jg cell `jta pldie; tfe cdjtdsy-`hdges, tfe ehp`r`idl hdter`dl @ fdm gdtferem `j hy prdit`ie, djm tfe iajilus`ajs 4 fdm mrdwj crah `t. 4 jaw negdj ta ujmerstdjm wfdt tfese psyif`i iajtejts hedjt wfej seej `j f`star`idl p erspeit`ve. >   Dt tfe ejm ac Hyste ac  Hyster`uh r`uh I Iaj`uji aj`ujit`aj`s t`aj`s fe  fe suhs up tfe hedj`jg ac dlifehy; ... tfe ejt`re dlifeh`idl praiemure... iaulm kust ds well represejt tfe `jm`v`mudt`aj praiess ac d s`jgle `jm`v`mudl, tfaugf w`tf tfe jat uj`hpartdjt m`ccerejie tfdt ja s`jgle `jm`v`mudl ever dttd`js ta tfe r`ifjess djm siape ac tfe dlifeh`idl syhnal`sh. ]f`s fds tfe dmvdjtdge ac fdv`jg neej nu`lt up tfraugf tfe iejtur`es... @t `s... d m`cc`iult djm tfdjoless tdso ta try ta mesir`ne tfe jdture ac tfe `jm`v`mudt`aj praiess crah idse hdter`dl... Ja idse `j hy exper`ejie `s iahprefejs`ve ejaugf ta sfaw dll tfe dspeits `j suif metd`l tfdt `t iaulm ne regdrmem ds pdrdm`ghdt`i QQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ QQQ Dlifehy, tferecare, fds percarhem car he tfe gredt djm `jvdludnle serv`ie ac prav`m`jg hdter`dl `j wf`if hy exper`ejie iaulm c`jm succ`i`ejt raah, djm fds tfereny hdme `t pass`nle car he ta mesir`ne tfe `jm`v`mudt`aj praiess dt ledst `j `ts essejt`dl dspeits. 4   We idj tferecare sdy tfdt dlifeh`idl `hdges mesir`ne tfe praiess ac meptf  psyi fat fer dpy wf` if `s `me jt` idl w`t f wf dt Kuj g i dll s ` jm` v`m udt `aj . W fdt @ t fus  pra pas e t a m a ` s t a ex dh`j e s ahe ac tfe nds `i `hd ges ac dli feh y t a se e f aw t fey iarrespajm ta tfe exper`ejies ac psyifatferdpy.

]fe terh “psyifatferdpy‘ `s usem fere `j `ts nradmest, etyhalag`idl sejse. ]fe Greeo warm `ferdpeue`j, `ferdpeue`j,   “ta fedl,‘ ar`g`jdlly hedjt “serv`ie ta tfe gams.‘ Fedl`jg tfus taao pldie dt c`rst `j d sdirem iajtext. Rf`la tells us ac d graup ac  pre -If r`s t`d j, Kew` sf iaj tehp ldt `ve s wfa idl lem tfe hsel ves ]ferdpeuts ]ferdpeuts   “e`tfer  nei duse tfe y p rac ess dj drt ac hem `i` je har e ex iel lej t t fdj tfd t ` j g eje rdl use `j i`t`es (car tfdt ajly fedls nam`es, nut tfe atfer fedls sauls wf`if dre ujmer tfe hdstery ac terr`nle djm dlhast `jiurdnle m`sedses, wf`if pledsures djm dppet`tes, cedrs djm gr`ecs, djm iavetausjess, djm call`es, djm `jkust`ie, djm dll tfe rest ac tfe `jjuherdnle hult`tume ac atfer pdss`ajs djm v`ies, fdve `jcl`item upaj tfeh), ar else neiduse tfey fdve neej `jstruitem ny jdture djm tfe sdirem ldws ta

serve tfe l`v`jg Gam.‘ =  Rsyifatferdpy tfus hedjs, nds`idlly, serv`ie ta tfe  psyi fe. Wfdt hdoes dlifehy sa vdludnle car psyifatferdpy `s tfdt `ts `hdges iajiret`ze

tfe

exper`ejies

ac

trdjscarhdt`aj

tfdt

aje

ujmergaes

`j

 psyi fat fer dpy. ]doe j ds d wfal e, dlif ehy pra v`m es d o`j m ac djd tah y ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. @ts `hdges w`ll ne hast hedj`jgcul, ac iaurse, ta tfase wfa fdve fdm d persajdl exper`ejie ac tfe ujiajsi`aus.

Kujg,  Hehar`es. Mredhs. ^ecleit`ajs, p. ^ecleit`ajs, p. >25.  >25.    OW  4=,   4=, pdr. 704

‚Rf`la, “Aj tfe Iajtehpldt`ve L`ce," `j ]fe Essejt`dl Rf`la, p. Rf`la, p. 944.

 

] FE DLIFEH@IDL W A^LM S @EW  

Car tfe dlifeh`st, upper djm lawer djm `jjer djm auter were l`joem ny f`mmej iajjeit`ajs djm `mejt`t`es. Wfdt fdppejs `j f edvej `s mupl`idtem ny wfdt fdppejs aj edrtf, ds `jm`idtem `j tf`s dlifeh`idl verse; Fedvej dnave Fedvej nelaw Ytdrs dnave Ytdrs nelaw Dll tfdt `s dnave Dlsa `s nelaw Grdsp tf`s Djm reka`ie. 5  

L`oew`se, d pdssdge crah tfe  Eher  Eherdlm dlm ]dnlet   sdys, “Wfdt `s nelaw `s l`oe tfdt wf`if `s dnave, djm wfdt `s dnave `s l`oe tfdt wf`if `s nelaw, ta diiahpl`sf tfe

h`rdiles ac aje tf`jg.‘ 3  ]fe pldjets `j fedvej iarrespajm ta tfe hetdls `j tfe edrtf; Yuj 8 galm, Haaj 8 s`lver, Heriury 8 qu`ios`lver, Sejus 8 iapper, Hdrs 8 `raj, Kup`ter 8 t`j, djm Ydturj 8 ledm. Ds tfe pldjets revalve draujm tfe edrtf, tfey grdmudlly sp`j tfe`r iarrespajm`jg hetdls `jta tfe edrtf, wf`if peaple idj extrdit ny tfe`r ifeh`idl aperdt`ajs (see c`gure 4-4). Rsyifalag`idlly we idj ujmerstdjm tf`s `hdge ds recerr`jg ta tfe drifetypdl iajst`tuejts ac tfe ega. ]fe nu`lm`jg nlaios ac tfe ega dre m`v`je qudl`t`es stalej crah tfe gams ar pramuits ac tfe m`shehnerhejt ac d me`ty ” edrtfly e drtfly represejtdt`ves ac trdjspersajdl pr`ji`ples. Yuif `hdgery `s st`ll dl`ve `j tfe hamerj psyife ds `jm`idtem ny tfe callaw`jg mredh ac d h`mmle-dgem nus`jesshdj djm iahheri`dl drt`st wfa fdm ja ojawlemge ac dlifehy;  Caur hetdl-ildm c`gures mesie mesiejm jm tawdrm he crah tfe soy. ]fey Kladt mawj aver dj dji`ejt ^ahdj wdll. Edif su`t `s hdme ac d m`ccerejt hetdl. Aje `s nrajze, djatfer ledm , djatfer `raj, djm tfe caurtf `s hdme ac pldt`juh. ]fe pldt`juh-su`tem c`gure  sepdrdtes  sepdr dtes f`hselc crah tfe atfers djm dppradife dppradifes. s. “We dre seeo`jg hetdl," fe sdys. “]fe hetdl we seeo hdtifes tfe hdter`dl ac aur su`ts." ]fe c`gures rehd`j suspejmem `j tfe d`r ny sahe uj`que hetfam. ]fe hetdl-su`tem hej iarrespajm ta tfe pldjetdry me`t`es ac tfe dlifeh`sts. Y`jie tfey fdve ja we`gft, tfey dre sp`r`t ne`jgs djm `jfdn`tdjts ac tfe soy. ]fus tfey waulm represejt drifetypdl `hdges ac tfe

5

I`tem `j Kujg, ]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy. I W  43,   43, pdr. 96=.  

‚^edm,  Rrelume ta Ifeh`stry; Dj Autl`je Autl`je ac Dlifehy, Dlifehy, p.  p. 5=.  5=.  

 

C@GU^E @ - 4. Hdiraiash djm H`iraiash @jteriajjeitem (]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh, trdjs. Huseuh,  trdjs. ny D. E. Wd`te.)

ankeit`ve psyife. ]fe`r mesiejt `j sedrif ac tfe`r iarrespajm`jg hetdls `jm`idtes tfdt edif hetdl-sp`r`t `s seeo`jg f`s awj edrtfly ehnam`hejt. ]fey wdjt ta ne iajiretely ditudl`zem `j tfe iajsi`aus exper`ejie ac dj `jm`v`mudl ega. ]f`s `s dj drifetypdl mredh djm iledrly fds d ialleit`ve ds well ds  pe rsa jdl hed j` jg. ]fe gam s we fd ve last la st dre mes iej m` jg aj us, us , meh mehdj djm`j m`j g reiajjeit`aj. L`oe Ndui`s djm Rf`lehaj, hamerj `jm` v`mudls dre ne`jg v`s`tem reiajjeit`aj.  ny djm dso em ta pr av` me fas p` tdl `t y car trd js per saj dl cdi tar s w`t f wf` if tfey tf ey fdve last iajjeit`aj. ]fe mredh `s dlsa relevdjt ta aur eccarts ta ujmerstdjm dlifehy. ]fe sp`r`ts ac dlifehy ” tfe t fe syhnal`i `hdges tfdt fdve iahe mawj ta us ” dre d re dso`jg car tfe`r edrtfly iaujterpdrts ” tfdt t fdt `s, tfe`r hedj`jgcul redl`zdt`aj `j hamerj exper`ejie. Hdjy g`ctem djm mevatem peaple accerem up

tfe`r wfale l`ves ta tfe quest car tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje. Ny ujmerstdjm`jg tfe `hdges tfey servem we idj remeeh tfe`r l`ves crah cut`l`ty djm reiagj`ze tfeh ta ne w`tjesses ta djm idrr`e idrr`ers rs ac t fe hystery ac `jm`v`mudt`aj.

]  FE A RUY  

]fe iejtrdl `hdge ac dlifehy `s tfe `med ac tfe apus. apus. ]fe  ]fe dlifeh`st tfaugft ac f`hselc ds iahh`ttem ta d sdirem waro  ” d sedrif car tfe

 

suprehe djm ult`hdte vdlue. Dlifeh`idl texts fdve d gredt medl ta sdy dnaut tfe jdture ac tfe apus apus djm  djm tfe dtt`tume tfdt sfaulm ne tdoej tawdrms `t. Iertd`j v`rtues dre

`jm`spejsdnle prerequ`s`tes. Aje text sdys, “A dll ye seeoers dcter tf`s Drt, ye idj redif ja usecul result w`tfaut d pdt`ejt, ldnar`aus, djm sal`i`taus saul, persever`jg

iaurdge, djm iajt`juaus reg`hej.‘ 7  ]fese dre requ`rehejts ac ega cujit`aj. Rdt`ejie `s nds`i. Iaurdge hedjs d w`ll`jgjess ta cdie djx`ety. Iajt`juaus reg`hej hedjs tfdt tfraugf dll sf`cts ac haam djm hejtdl stdte aje `s w`ll`jg ta persevere `j tfe eccart ta sirut`j`ze djm ujmerstdjm wfdt `s fdppej`jg.

Djatfer relevdjt text iahes crah ]fahds Jartaj‑s Arm`jdl ac Dlifehy. Car Dlifehy. Car djyaje wfa fds fdm tfe exper`ejie ac psyifatferdpy, tfe pdrdllels w`ll ne `hhem`dtely ev`mejt. Djyaje wfa g`ves f`hselc up ta tf`s sedrif hust tferecare expeit ta heet w`tf huif vexdt`aj ac sp`r`t. Fe w`ll crequejtly fdve ta ifdjge f`s iaurse `j iajsequejie ac jew m`siaver`es wf`if fe hdoes QQQQQQ ]fe mev`l w`ll ma f`s uthast ta crustrdte yaur sedrif ny aje ar tfe atfer ac tfe tfree stuhnl`jg nlaios, jdhely, fdste, mespd`r, ar meiept`aj... fe wfa `s `j d furry w`ll iahplete f`s waro je`tfer `j d hajtf, jar yet `j d yedr? djm `j tf`s Drt `t w`ll dlwdys ne true tfdt tfe hdj wfa `s `j d furry w`ll jever ne w`tfaut hdtter ac iahpld`jt QQ @c tfe ejehy maes jat prevd`l dgd`jst yau ny furry, fe w`ll dssdult yau w`tf mespajmejiy, djm w`ll ne iajstdjtly putt`jg `jta yaur h`jms m`siaurdg`jg tfaugfts, faw tfase wfa seeo tf`s Drt dre hdjy, wf`le tfey dre cew tfdt c`jm `t, djm faw tfase wfa cd`l dre actej w`ser hej tfdj yaurselc. Fe w`ll tfej dso yau wfdt fape tfere idj ne ac yaur dttd`j`jg tfe grdjm dridjuh? hareaver, fe w`ll vex yau w`tf maunts wfetfer yaur hdster `s f`hselc passessem ac tfe seiret wf`if fe pracesses ta `hpdrt ta yau? ar wfetfer fe `s jat iajiedl`jg crah yau tfe nest pdrt ac tfdt wf`if fe ojaws. ...]fe tf`rm ejehy dgd`jst wfah yau hust gudrm `s meie`t, djm tf`s `s perfdps hare mdjgeraus tfdj tfe atfer twa. ]fe servdjts wfah yau hust ehplay ta ceem yaur curjdies dre crequejtly hast ujtrustwartfy. Yahe dre idreless djm ga ta sleep wfej tfey sfaulm ne dttejm`jg tfe c`re? atfers dre meprdvem, djm ma yau dll tfe fdrh tfey idj? atfers dgd`j dre e`tfer stup`m ar iajie`tem djm aver-iajc`mejt, djm m`saney `jstruit`ajs... ar tfey dre mrujoej, jegl`gejt, djm dnsejt-h`jmem. Ne aj yaur gudrm dgd`jst dll tfese, `c yau w`sf ta ne spdrem sahe gredt lass." D prah`jejt cedture ac tfe apus apus   `s tfdt `t `s iajs`merem d sdirem waro requ`r`jg d rel`g`aus dtt`tume. ...tf`s dridjuh sfaulm ne regdrmem, jat ajly ds d truly gredt, nut ds d hast faly Drt QQ ]ferecare, `c djy hdj mes`re ta redif tf`s gredt djm ujspedodnle hystery, fe hust rehehner tfdt `t `s antd`jem jat ajly ny tfe h`gft ac hdj, nut  ny tfe grdi e ac Gam , djm tfd t jat aur w`l l ar mes` re, nut ajl y tf e her iy ac tfe Hast F`gf, idj nestaw `t upaj us. Car tf`s redsaj yau hust c`rst ac dll

7

Wd`te, trdjs., ]urnd Rf`lusapfaruh, p. Rf`lusapfaruh, p. 4>7, m`ituh 90.

•Wd`te, trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh, >;>> Huseuh, >;>> >5.

 

iledjse yaur fedrt, l`ct `t ta F`h dlaje, djm dso ac F`h tf`s g`ct `j true edrjest, djm ujmaunt`jg prdyer. Fe dlaje idj g`ve djm nestaw `t. 0    Jaw, tfe reg` hej `s gre dte r t fdj `s per ie` vem ny red saj , exie pt tfr augf m`v `je `jsp`rdt`aj. 42   Wae ujta yau wfa cedr jat Gam, car Fe hdy mepr`ve yau ac tf`s drt! 44   Aur drt, `ts tfeary ds well ds `ts prdit`ie, `s dltagetfer d g`ct ac Gam, Wfa g`ves `t wfej djm ta wfah Fe eleits; `t `s jat ac f`h tfdt w`lls, ar ac f`h tfdt rujs,  nut s`h ply tf rau gf t fe her iy a c G am. 4>   Yuif pdssdges ds tfese hdoe iledr tfdt d idrecul dwdrejess ac tfe trdjspersajdl level ac tfe psyife `s requ`rem. ]f`s hedjs aje hust ne Yelc-ar`ejtem rdtfer tfdj ega-ar`ejtem. ]fere `s d pdrdmax fere ” ds d s sa actej `j dlifehy djm psyifatferdpy. Dj dwdrejess ac tfe Yelc djm tfe rel`g`aus dtt`tume tfdt suif dj dwdrejess nr`jgs dre tfe gadls ac psyifatferdpy rdtfer tfdj requ`rehejts dt tfe neg`jj`jg. Fawever, tfe patejt`dl dt ledst hust ex`st crah tfe stdrt. Ds aje dlifeh`st sdys, aje hust stdrt w`tf d n`t ac tfe R f`lasapfers‑ Ytaje `c aje `s ta c`jm `t. Ds tfe  pr aies s m eep ejs, aje red l`z es hare djm har e tfd t `js `gf ts iah e n y g rdi e djm tfd t mevelaphejt aiiurs jat ny tfe w`ll ac tfe ega nut ny tfe urge ta `jm`v`mudt`aj crah tfe Yelc (see c`gure 4->). Djatfer dspeit ac tfe apus apus   `s tfdt `t `s d f`gfly `jm`v`mudl waro. Dlifeh`sts were mei`memly sal`tdr`es. ]fey h`gft fdve fdm aje felper nut ja hare. ]f`s recers ta tfe uj`quely `jm`v`mudl jdture ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. @j `ts meepest dspeits `t `s exper`ejiem dlaje. ]fe apus apus   idjjat ne percarhem ny d iahh`ttee. @t tfus

gejerdtes d iertd`j ujdva`mdnle dl`ejdt`aj crah tfe warlm, dt ledst car d t`he. “Nut wfej Gam grdjts f`s grdie, ta saheaje wfa ujmerstdjms (tfe Drt)

tf`s w`ll

dppedr `jiahprefejs`nle `j tfe eyes ac tfe warlm djm tfase wfa fdve tf`s hystery

w`ll ne siarjem ac hej djm laaoem mawj upaj.‘ 49  ]f`s iarrespajms ta tfe waro ac  psy ifa tfe rdp y, wf` if `s `hp ass` nle car djy aje ta ujm ers tdj m cra h tfe aut s`m e. @t w`ll ne siarjem djm r`m`iulem ny tfe ialleit`ve, iajvejt`ajdl stdjmpa`jt e`tfer

crah djatfer persaj ar aje‑s awj sfdmaw. Rdrdllel ta tf`s text dre tfese warms ac Kesus; “@c yau nelajgem ta tfe warlm, tfe warlm waulm lave `ts awj? nut neiduse yau ma jat nelajg ta tfe warlm, neiduse @ fdve ifasej yau aut ac tfe warlm, car

tfdt redsaj tfe warlm fdtes yau‘ (Kafj 45;40, JEN). Djatfer cedture ac tfe apus apus   iajierjs `ts seiret jdture. ]fe dlife-

0

@n`m., 4;4>7.

 ,2

]urnd Rf`lasapfaruh. p. Rf`lasapfaruh. p. 496, m`ituh 90.  

"@n`m., p. 07, m`ituh >0. l>

Wd`te, trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh, 4;0. Huseuh, 4;0.

“@n`m., 479.  

 

 

C@GU^E 4 - > ]fe Dlifeh`st Gu`mem ny Gam (Ndrifusej,  Elehe  Elehej`d j`d I Ifeh`de feh`de.. 4746. Rdr`s. N`nl`atfæque Jdt`ajdle. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg,  Rsyi  Rsyifalagy falagy djm D Dlifehy lifehy.) .)  

h`sts iajs`merem tfehselves ta ne tfe gudrm`djs ac d hystery tfdt wds jat ta ne m`vulgem ta tfe ujwartfy. ]ferecare yau sfaulm idrecully test djm exdh`je tfe l`ce, ifdrditer, djm hejtdl dpt`tume ac djy persaj wfa waulm ne `jt`t`dtem `j tf`s Drt, djm tfej yau sfaulm  n`j m f`h , ny d sdi rem adtf , jat ta let aur Hdg` ste r y ne iahh ajl y ar vul gdr ly ojawj. Ajly wfej fe neg`js ta graw alm djm ceenle, fe hdy revedl `t ta aje  per saj , nut jat ta har e ” djm d jm tfdt aje hdj hust ne v`rtuaus, djm gejerdlly dppravem ny f`s cellaws. Car tf`s Hdg`stery hust dlwdys rehd`j d seiret si`ejie, djm tfe redsaj tfdt iahpels us ta ne idrecul `s anv`aus. @c djy w`ioem hdj sfaulm ledrj ta prdit`ie tf`s Drt, tfe evejt waulm ne crdugft w`tf gredt mdjger ta Ifr`stejmah. Car suif d hdj waulm averstep dll naujms ac hamerdt`aj, djm waulm rehave crah tfe`r ferem`tdry tfrajes tfase leg`t`hdte pr`jies wfa rule aver tfe peaples ac Ifr`stejmah. Djm tfe puj`sfhejt ac tf`s w`ioemjess waulm cdll upaj f`h wfa fdm `jstruitem tfdt ujwartfy persaj `j aur Drt. @j armer, tfej, ta dva`m suif dj autnredo ac averweej`jg pr`me, fe wfa passesses tfe ojawlemge ac tf`s Drt. sfaulm ne sirupulausly idrecul faw fe mel`vers `t ta djatfer, djm sfaulm regdrm `t ds tfe peiul`dr pr`v`lege ac tfase wfa exiel `j v`rtue. 4=   L`oe tfe Eleus`j`dj Hyster`es, tfe dlifeh`idl seiret wds carn`mmej ta ne punl`sfem. Ujmerstaam psyifalag`idlly, tfe hdtter `s hare suntle. D

 

seiret tfdt idj ne talm `s ja seiret. @j d sejse, tfe seiret ac tfe psyife `s sdce neiduse `t `s jat iahhuj`idnle ta tfase wfa fdve jat yet exper`ejiem `t car tfehselves. ]fe h`suse ac tfe seiret recerrem ta `j tfe text suggests dj `jcldt`aj callaw`jg tfe ega's `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf dj drifetypdl `hdge. @c tfe trdjspersajdl ejerg`es dre jat perie`vem ds seiret djm sdirem tfey w`ll  ne ifdj jel em `jt a p ers ajdl ejm s d jm fdv e me str uit `ve ecc eit s. H`su se ac t fe dlifeh`idl hystery iarrespajms ta tfe h`suse ac tfe Euifdr`st`i hystery

iajierj`jg wf`if tfe Dpastle Rdul sdys, “Djyaje wfa edts tfe nredm ar mr`jos tfe iup ac tfe Larm ujwartf`ly w`ll ne gu`lty ac meseirdt`jg tfe  nam y djm tfe nla am ac tfe Larm . D hdj hust tes t (mao`hdza ” *ta * ta prave, ta

dssdy hetdls‘) f`hselc necare edt`jg f`s sfdre ac tfe nredm djm mr`jo`jg crah tfe iup. Car fe wfa edts djm mr`jos edts djm mr`jos kumgehejt aj f`hselc `c fe maes jat m`sierj tfe Nam y‘ (@ Iar. 44;>7 ->0, JEN). ]fe dlifeh`idl apus apus   wds iajs`merem d praiess neguj ny jdture nut requ`r`jg tfe iajsi`aus drt djm eccart ac d fuhdj ne`jg ta iahplete. ]f`s stdte idjjat ne perceitem ny tfe here pragress ac jdture? car galm fds ja  pra pej s`t y ta hav e `ts elc sa cdr , nut rdt fer ifa ase s ta re hd` j `j `ts iaj std jtl y dn`m`jg namy .45   Jdt ure ser ves Drt w`t f hdt ter , djm Drt ser ves jdt ure w`t f su` tdn le @js tru hej ts djm hetfam iajvej`ejt car jdture ta pramuie suif jew carhs? djm dltfaugf tfe necarehejt`ajem Ytaje idj ajly ne nraugft ta `ts praper carh ny Drt. yet tfe carh `s crah jdture .43 

]f`s `s d pracaujm `med. @j aje sejse tfe apus apus   `s dgd`jst Jdture, nut `j djatfer sejse tfe dlifeh`st `s felp`jg fer ta ma wfdt sfe idjjat ma car ferselc. ]f`s surely recers ta tfe evalut`aj ac iajsi`ausjess. Dltfaugf tfe urge ta iajsi`ausjess ex`sts w`tf jdture ” w`tf`j w `tf`j tfe ujiajsi`aus psyife ”  dj ega `s jeemem ta redl`ze cully tfdt jdturdl urge. @t `s requ`rem tfdt tfe `jm`v`mudl iaaperdte mel`nerdtely `j tfe tdso ac iredt`jg iajsi`ausjess. ]fe ult`hdte stdtehejts dnaut tfe dlifeh`idl apus apus aiiur  aiiur `j iertd`j texts

tfdt equdte `t w`tf tfe iredt`aj ac tfe warlm. [as`has sdys, “]fe syhnal ac ifeh`stry `s caujmem aj tfe iredt`aj ac tfe warlm.‘ 47   ]fe  Eher  Eherdlm dlm ]dnlet   sdys dt tfe iajilus`aj ac `ts dlifeh`idl rei`pe, “]fus tfe warlm fds neej iredtem.‘ Djatfer text, dcter mesir`n`jg tfe prepdrd t`aj ac d spei`dl wdter, iajt`jues ds callaws; Wfej tf`s fds neej maje, tdoe d mrap ac tfe iajseirdtem rem w`je djm let `t cdll `jta tfe wdter, djm yau w`ll `jstdjtly perie`ve d cag djm tf`io mdrojess aj tap ac tfe wdter, suif ds dlsa wds dt tfe c`rst iredt`aj. ]fej put `j twa mraps.

"]fe L`ves ac tfe Dlifehyst`idl Rf`lasapfers, p. Rf`lasapfers, p. 475.  475.  

**]r`¿cja¿`j, Yplejmar Yal`s; Dlifeh`idl ]redt`ses ac Yalahaj ]r`shas`j, ]r`shas`j, p.  p. 46. •‑I`tem ny Kujg,  E.].F. Yeh`jdrs; Dlifehy, p. Dlifehy, p. 4=3.  4=3.  

 

djm yau w`ll see tfe l`gft iah`jg cartf crah tfe mdrojess? wfereupaj l`ttle ny l`ttle put `j every fdlc ac edif qudrter faur c`rst tfree, tfej caur, tfej c`ve, tfej s`x mraps, djm tfej ja hare, djm yau w`ll see w`tf yaur awj eyes aje tf`jg dcter djatfer dppedr`jg  ny djm ny aj tap ac tfe wdt er, faw Gam ir edte m dll tf` jgs `j s`x mdy s, djm faw `t dll idhe ta pdss, djm suif seirets ds dre jat ta ne spaoej dlaum djm 4 dlsa fdve jat pawer ta revedl. Cdll aj yaur ojees necare yau ujmertdoe tf`s aperdt`aj. Let yaur eyes kumge ac `t; car tfus wds tfe warlm iredtem. 4 "

Ujmerstaam psyifalag`idlly, tfese texts dre equdt`jg tfe `jm`v`mudl w`tf tfe warlm? tfdt `s, tfey stdte tfdt `jm`v`mudt`aj `s d warlm iredt`jg praiess. Yifapejfduer neg`js f`s gredt waro. ]fe Warlm ds W`ll djm @med,  @med,   w`tf tfe autrdgeaus stdtehejt, “]fe warl m `s hy `med." L`oew`se, Kujg spedos ac tfe “warlm -iredt`jg qudl`ty‘ ac iajsi`ausjess. 40   Yuif dj `med `s mdjgerausly ilase ta sal`ps`st`i `jcldt`aj, djm, `jmeem, `t `s d iahhaj iajtejt ac  psyi fas `s ” tfe t fe `med tfdt aje `s tfe wfale warlm ar tfe iejter ac tfe uj`verse.  Jeve rtf ele ss, `t `s dj dri fet ypd l `me d tfd t tfe `jm `v` mud l jee ms `j arm er jat ta  ne swdl law em up ny ial lei t` ve, std t`s t`i dl std jmd rms . Ial leit `ve tf` jo` jg `s revedlem ny preaiiupdt`aj w`tf wfetfer ar jat aje `s jarhdl. ]a tfe extejt tfdt aje `s d sepdrdte, uj`que warlm ac ne`jg tfere idj ne ja jarhs, s`jie d jarh `s dj dverdge ac hdjy. ]fe `jm`v`mudl psyife `s djm hust ne d wfale warlm w`tf`j `tselc `j armer ta stdjm aver djm dgd`jst tfe auter warlm djm culc`ll `ts tdso ac ne`jg d idrr`er ac iajsi`ausjess. Car tfe sidles ta ne  ndl djie m, tfe `jm `v` mud l hu st ne ac e qud l we `gf t t a tf e wa rlm . ]f`s redl`zdt`aj ac tfe `jm`v`mudl ds d wfale warlm actej iahes aver he w`tf iajs`merdnle carie ds 4 dh waro`jg w`tf pdt`ejts. @t `s d vdludnle iaujterndldjie ta maunts dnaut tfe s`gj`c`idjie ac aje's eccarts w`tf ajly d fdjmcul ac `jm`v`mudls ds iahpdrem ta tfe warlm papuldt`aj ac severdl n`ll`aj. Dltfaugf dlifeh`idl wr`t`jgs dre iahplex, iajcusem, djm evej ifdat`i, tfe  nds` i sif ehe ac tfe apus apus   `s qu`te s`hple. @t `s ds callaws; ]fe purpase `s ta iredte d trdjsiejmejt, h`rdiulaus sunstdjie, wf`if `s vdr`ausly syhnal`zem ds

tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje, ]fe El`x`r ac L`ce, ar tfe uj`versdl hem`i`je. ]fe  pra iemu re `s, c`r st, ta c`j m tfe su` tdn le hdte r`d l, tfe sa - idl lem  pr`hd hdter`d, hdter`d,   djm tfej ta sunkeit `t ta d ser`es ac aperdt`ajs tfdt w`ll turj `t `jta tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje.  

]fe  R   ^@HD H   D]E^@D 

]fe terh “pr`hd hdter`d"   fds d lajg f`stary tfdt gaes ndio ta tfe pre Yairdt`i pf`lasapfers. ]fese edrly tf`joers were gr`ppem ny dj d “I`tem fr Kujg. Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy. IW  4>.   4>. pdr. 9=7.  9=7.  

•* Hys`er`uh Iaj`ujm`aj`.%. IW  4=.   4=. pdr. 49>.  

 

 pr` ar` `me d ” tfdt t fdt `s, dj drifetypdl `hdge tfdt talm tfeh tfdt tfe warlm mer`ves crah d s`jgle, ar`g`jdl stucc, tfe sa-idllem c`rst hdtter. ]fey m`ccerem ds ta tfe `mejt`c`idt`aj ac tf`s pr`he hdtter, nut tfey dgreem aj `ts ex`stejie. ]fdles idllem

tfe pr`he hdtter “wdter,‘ Djdx`hdjmer idllem `t “tfe naujmless‘ (dpe`raj), (dpe`raj),   Djdx`hejes idllem `t “d`r,‘ djm Ferdil`tus idllem `t “c`re.‘   ]f`s `med ac d s`jgle, ar`g`jdl sunstdjie fds ja ehp`r`idl saurie `j tfe auter warlm. Exterjdlly tfe warlm `s anv`ausly d hult`pl`i`ty. ]fus, tfe `med hust ne d  pr ake it` aj ac d psyi f`i cdit . Diia rm` jg ta pf` lasa pf` idl cdj tds y `t wds tfej `hdg`jem tfdt tfe pr`he hdtter ujmerwejt d praiess ac m`ccerejt`dt`aj wfereny `t wds sepdrdtem `jta tfe caur elehejts, edrtf, d`r, c`re, djm wdter. @t wds tfaugft tfdt tfese caur elehejts tfej iahn`jem `j vdr`aus prapart`ajs ta carh dll tfe  pfy s`i dl ank eit s ac tf e war lm. Upaj tfe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d   wds `hpasem, ds `t were, d caurcalm struiture, d irass, represejt`jg tfe caur elehejts ” twa t wa sets ac iajtrdr`es, edrtf djm d`r, c`re djm wdter. Rsyifalag`idlly, tf`s `hdge iarrespajms ta tfe iredt`aj ac tfe ega aut ac tfe ujm`ccerejt`dtem ujiajsi`aus ny tfe praiess ac m`sir`h`jdt`jg tfe caur cujit`ajs; tf`jo`jg, ceel`jg, sejsdt`aj, djm `jtu`t`aj. Dr`statle eldnardtem tfe `med ac tfe  pr`hd hdter hdter`d `d   `j iajjeit`aj w`tf f`s m`st`jit`aj netweej hdtter djm carh. Diiarm`jg ta Dr`statle, pr`hdry hdtter  nec are `t fds neej wem mem ta car h ar fdm car h `hp asem upa j `t `s pur e  pat ejt `dl `t y ” jat j at yet ditudl`zem neiduse tfe ditudl maes jat ex`st ujt`l `t fds tdoej aj d pdrt`iuldr carh. Ds aje iahhejtdtar ac Dr`statle puts `t, "C`rst hdtter   ` s tfe jdhe ac tfdt ejt`rely `jmeterh`jdte pawer ac ifdjge.‘ >2   ]fe dlifeh`sts `jfer`tem tfe `med ac tfe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d   crah dji`ejt pf`lasapfy djm dppl`em `t ta tfe`r dttehpts dt tfe trdjscarhdt`aj ac hdtter. ]fey tfaugft tfdt `j armer car d g`vej sunstdjie ta ne trdjscarhem, `t hust c`rst ne remuiem ar returjem ta `ts ar`g`jdl, ujm`ccerej t`dtem stdte. “Nam`es idjjat ne ifdjgem exiept

 ny rem uit uit`aj `aj `jt a tfe `r c`r st hdt ter.‘ ter .‘ >4   Dgd`j, “tfe spei`es ar carhs ac hetdls idjjat ne ifdjgem `jta galm djm s`lver necare ne`jg c`rst remuiem ta tfe`r pr`hdry hdt ter.‘>>   ]f`s praiemure iarrespajms ilasely ta wfdt tdoes pldie `j psyifatferdpy. ]fe c`xem, settlem dspeits ac tfe persajdl`ty tfdt dre r`g`m djm stdt`i dre remuiem ar lem  ndi o t a t fe` r a r`g `jd l, ujm `cc ere jt` dtem iajm `t` aj ds pdr t ac tf e p rai ess ac psy if` i trdjscarhdt`aj. ^eturj ta tfe pr`hd tfe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d `s  `s `llustrdtem ny tfe callaw`jg mredh;

>2

Nref`er, ]fe F`stary ac Rf`lasapfy; ]fe Fellej`i Dge, p. Dge, p. >26.  >26.  

>4

 Oelly, ]fe Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ac Emwdrm Oelly, p. Oelly,  p. 9=.  9=.  

KK

C`gulus,  D Galmej djm Nlessem Idsoet ac Jdture's Jdture's Hdrvels, p. Hdrvels, p. >06.  >06.  

 

/ dh fdio `j d fasp`tdl wdrm.  wdrm.  / fdve neiahe d if`lm dgd`j djm   / dh `j tfe wdrm ta  stdrt hy hy l`ce crah tf tfee neg neg`jj`jg. `jj`jg. ]fe mredher fdm reiejtly hdme d su`i`me dttehpt, djm tf`s mredh `jm`idtes tfe syhnal`i hedj`jg ac tfdt dit. ]fe if`lm `s tfe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d   ac tfe dmult. ]f`s  pdt `ej t's ur ge car tr djs car hdt` aj `s idu s`j g f`s ret urj ta tfe ar` g`j dl iaj m`t `aj . @j

Dr`statle‑s terhs, tfe carh tfdt ditudl`zes tfe presejt persaj dl`ty `s ne`jg m`ssalvem djm returjem ta tfe c`rst hdtter, tfe carhless stdte ac pure patejt`dl`ty, `j armer car d jew carh ar ditudl`ty ta eherge. ]f`s `med `s represejtem ny tfe callaw`jg mredh;  @ dh fdv`jg ta medl w`tf dj `jcdjt. Wfejev Wfejever er tfere `s sahet f`jg aje idj‑t ujmerstdjm   ” `s `s nlaioem ta ” aje aje hust dppradif tf`s `jcdjt. Dt tfe hahejt ac ldio ac ujmerstdjm`jg, tfe `jcdjt glaws d cd`jt ir`hsaj. ]f`s cd`jt ir`hsaj glaw iajveys `jjaiejie ” wf`if wf`if `s tfe hdter`dl ac tfe `jcdjt  ” djm djm tf`s `jjaiejie crees aje ta d ppradi  ppradif f tfe pranle pranleh h `j terhs ac aje‑s `jm`v`mu `jm`v`mudl dl re redl`ty. dl`ty.   @jjaiejie iarrespajms ta tfe ujm`ccerejt`dtem stdte ac tfe  pr`hd hdter`d. hdter`d.   ]fe

mredh reh`jms aje ac tfe sdy`jg ac Kesus, “]ruly, @ sdy ujta yau, ujless yau turj djm neiahe l`oe if`lmrej yau w`ll jeve r ejter tfe o`jgmah ac fedvej‘ (Hdtt. 46;9 ^YS). ]a neiahe l`oe if`lmrej `s ta revert ta tfe `jjaiejt, ujm`ccerejt`dtem stdte ac tfe pr`hd tfe  pr`hd hdter hdter`d. `d. wf`if `s d prerequ`s`te ac trdjscarhdt`aj. C`xem, mevelapem dspeits ac tfe persajdl`ty dllaw ja ifdjge. ]fey dre sal`m, estdnl`sfem, djm sure ac tfe`r r`gftjess. Ajly tfe `jmec`j`te, cresf, djm v`tdl, nut vuljerdnle djm `jseiure, ar`g`jdl iajm`t`aj syhnal`zem ny tfe if`lm `s apej ta mevelaphejt djm fejie `s dl`ve. We iajs`mer tfe `hdge ac d if`lm `j mredhs ds aje ac tfe syhnals ac tfe Yelc, nut `t dlsa idj syhnal`ze tfe  pr`hd hdter`d. hdter`d.   Actej tfe texts spedo ac  c`jm`jg   tfe  pr`hd hdter hdter`d `d   rdtfer tfdj hdo`jg `t. @ts mesir`pt`ajs dre `jjuherdnle. Fere dre d cew typ`idl exdhples; ]f`s Hdtter l`es necare tfe eyes ac dll? everynamy sees `t, tauifes `t, laves `t, nut ojaws `t jat. @t `s glar`aus djm v`le, prei`aus djm ac shdll diiaujt, djm `s caujm everywfere QQ ]a ne nr`ec, aur Hdtter fds ds hdjy jdhes ds tfere dre tf`jgs `j tfe warlm? tfdt `s wfy tfe caal`sf ojaw `t jat. >9   Ds iajierjs tfe Hdtter, `t `s aje,  aje,  djm iajtd`js w`tf`j `tselc dll tfdt `s jeemem.

...@j tfe sdhe wdy Drjalm ac S`lld Javd wr`tes `j f`s “Clawer ac Clawers‘; “Aur staje `s hdme aut ac aje tf`jg, djm w`tf aje tf`jg.‘ ]a tfe sdhe ecceit fe sdys ta tfe O`jg ac Jdples; “Dll tfdt `s `j aur staje `s essejt`dl ta `t, jar maes `t jeem djy care`gj `jgrem`ejt. @ts jdture `s aje, djm `t `s aje  aje  tf`jg.‘  

- ‑‑Wd`te, @rdjs., ]fe Fer het `t HuseuhX 4;49. HuseuhX 4;49.

 

Djm ^as`jus sdys; “Ojaw tfdt tfe ankeit ac yaur mes`re `s aje tf`jg, aut ac wf`if

dll tf`jgs dre hdme .‘>= 

]fe sunstdjie tfdt we c`rst tdoe `j fdjm `s h`jerdl ” @t @ t `s ac gredt `jwdrm v`rtue, tfaugf `t `s v`le ta tfe s`gft. @t `s Ydturj‑s if`lm, ma yau jeem hare? iajie`ve `t dr`gft, car `t `s aur c`rst ejtrdjie. @t `s sdnle ialarem, w`tf drgejt ve`js dppedr`jg >5 `jterh`xem `j tfe namy ” @t @ t `s ac d vejahaus jdture .   ]fere `s `j aur ifeh`stry d iertd`j janle sunstdjie aver wfase neg`jj`jg dccl`it`aj > rules w`tf v`jegdr, nut aver wfase ejm kay rules w`tf h`rtf. *

]fe pranleh ac c`jm`jg tfe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d   iarrespajms ta tfe pranleh ac c`jm`jg wfdt ta waro aj `j psyifatferdpy. ]fese texts g`ve us sahe f`jts. @. @t `s un`qu`taus, ta ne caujm everywfere, necare tfe eyes ac dll. ]f`s hedjs tfdt psyifatferdpeut`i hdter`dl l`oew`se `s everywfere, `j dll tfe arm`jdry, everymdy aiiurrejies ac l`ce. Haams djm petty persajdl redit`ajs ac dll o`jms dre su`tdnle hdtter ta ne waroem aj ny tfe tferdpeut`i praiess. >.   Dltfaugf ac gredt `jwdrm vdlue, tfe pr`hd hdter`d  hdter`d  `s v`le `j auter dppedrdjie djm tferecare mesp`sem, rekeitem, djm tfrawj aj tfe mujg fedp. ]fe  pr`hd hdter`d  hdter`d  `s tredtem l`oe tfe succer`jg servdjt `j @sd`df. Rsyifalag`idlly, tf`s hedjs tfdt tfe  pr`hd hdter`d  hdter`d  `s caujm `j tfe sfdmaw, tfdt  pdr t ac tfe per saj dl` ty tfd t `s iaj s`m erem hast mes p`i dnl e. ]fas e dsp eits ac aurselves hast pd`jcul djm hast fuh`l`dt`jg dre tfe very ajes ta ne nraugft carwdrm djm waroem aj. 9.   @t dppedrs ds d hult`pl`i`ty ”“f  ”“fds ds ds hdjy hdj y jdh es ds tfe re dre tf`jgs‘”  nut dt tfe sdhe t`h e `s aje. ]f` s ced tur e iar resp ajms ta tfe cdi t

tfdt `j`t`dlly psyifatferdpy hdoes aje dwdre ac aje‑s crdghejtem, m`ska`jtem iajm`t`aj. Sery grdmudlly tfese wdrr`jg crdghejts dre m`siaverem ta ne m`ccer`jg dspeits ac aje ujmerly`jg uj`ty. @t `s ds tfaugf aje sees tfe c`jgers ac d fdjm tauif`jg d tdnle dt c`rst ajly `j twa m`hejs`ajs, ds sepdrdte ujiajjeitem c`jgers. W`tf tfree-m`hejs`ajdl v`s`aj, tfe c`jgers dre seej ds pdrt ac d ldrger uj`ty, tfe fdjm. =.   ]fe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d   `s ujm`ccerejt`dtem, w`tfaut mec`j`te naujmdr`es, l`h`ts, ar carh. ]f`s iarrespajms ta d iertd`j exper`ejie ac tfe ujiajsi`aus tfdt expases tfe ega ta tfe `jc`j`te, tfe dpe`raj. dpe`raj.   @t hdy evaoe tfe terrar ac m`ssalut`aj ar tfe dwe ac eterj`ty. @t prav`mes d gl`hpse ac tfe plerahd, tfe `jiredtuh,   tfe ifdas pr`ar ta tfe aperdt`aj ac tfe warlm-iredt`jg Lagas. @t `s `jiredtuh, tfe cedr ac tfe naujmless tfdt actej ledms aje ta ne iajtejt w`tf tfe ega l`h`ts aje fds rdtfer tfdj r`so cdll`jg

>=

ln`m. t   4>.

¿]fe L`ves ac tfe Dlifehys``idl Rf`lasapfers, p. Rf`lasapfers, p. 473.  473.   >3

I`tem `j Kujg,  Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy. Dlifehy. IW  4>,   4>, pdr. 967.

 

`jta tfe `jc`j`te ny dttehpt`jg ta ejldrge tfeh (see c`gures 49 djm 4-=).

 

C@GU^E 4 - 9 ]fe  Rr`hd Hdter`d  Hdter`d  ds Ifdas (Hdralles, ]dnledux mu tehple mes huses.  huses.  4355. Lajmaj, Nr`t`sf Huseuh. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg,  Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy.)  Dlifehy.) 

 

DJD]AHP AO ]FE RYPIFE  

4=

C@GU^E @ - =

Iernerus ds tfe Mevaur`jg djm Ejtdjgl`jg Dspeit ac tfe  Rr`h  Rr`hd d Hdter Hdter`d `d (45tf  (45tf iejtury. N`nl`ateid Dpastùl`id Sdt`idjd, Iam. Rdl. ldt. 4233, cal. >90. ^epr`jtem `j Merald, ]fe Yeiret Drt ac Dlifehy.)  Dlifehy.) 

]FE A RE^D]@AJY   @t `s very m`cc`iult ta ujmerstdjm dlifehy ds we c`jm `t `j tfe ar`g`jdl wr`t`jgs. We ejiaujter d w`lm, luxur`djt, tdjglem hdss ac averldpp`jg `hdges tfdt `s hdmmej`jg ta tfe armer-seeo`jg iajsi`aus h`jm. Hy hetfam ac armer`jg tfe ifdas ac dlifehy `s ta caius aj tfe hdkar dlifeh`idl aperdt`ajs. Dcter tfe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d   fds neej caujm, `t fds ta sunh`t ta d ser`es ac ifeh`idl praiemures `j armer ta ne trdjscarhem `j ta tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje. Rrdit`idlly dll ac dlifeh`idl `hdgery idj  ne arm ere m d rauj m t fes e ap erd t`a js, djm jat ajly dli feh `id l ` hdge ry. Hdj y ` hdge s crah hytf, rel`g`aj, djm calolare dlsa gdtfer draujm tfese syhnal`i aperdt`ajs, s`jie tfey dll iahe crah tfe sdhe saurie ” tfe t fe drifetypdl psyife. ]fere `s ja exdit juhner ac dlifeh`idl aperdt`ajs, djm hdjy `hdges averldp. Car hy purpases 4 fdve ifasej sevej aperdt`ajs ds tfe hdkar ajes hdo`jg up tfe dlifeh`idl trdjscarhdt`aj.

]fey dre

idli`jdt`a, salut`a, iadguldt`a, sunl`hdt`a,

hart`c`idt`a, sepdrdt`a, djm iaj`ujit`a. (4 use tfe Ldt`j terhs `jstedm ac idli`jdt`aj, salut`aj, djm sa aj, `j armer

 

ta m`st`jgu`sf tfe psyifalag`idl praiesses crah tfe ifeh`idl praiemures.) Edif ac tfese aperdt`ajs `s caujm ta ne tfe iejter ac dj eldnardte syhnal systeh. ]fese iejtrdl syhnals ac trdjscarhdt`aj hdoe up tfe hdkar iajtejt ac dll iulture pr amui ts. ]fey pr av` me nds` i idt egar `es ny wf` if ta ujm ers tdj m tfe l` ce ac tf e  psyi fe, djm tfe y `ll ust rdt e dlh ast tfe cul l rdj ge ac exp er` eji es tfd t iajs t`t ute `jm`v`mudt`aj. @j sunsequejt ifdpters, @ sfdll tdoe up edif ac tfese aperdt`ajs `j turj. Edif w`ll  ne dii ahpd j`e m ny d ifd rt `jm `id t`j g tfe hdk ar syh nal `i iajj eit` ajs tfd t ilu ste r draujm tfe iare `hdge. ]fe ifdrts dre dj `hpartdjt pdrt ac hy hetfam neiduse @ wdjt ta ehpfds`ze tfe struiturdl jdture ac edif syhnal systeh. Dltfaugf 4 sfdll try ta ne iledr djm expl`i`t, tfe jdture ac tfe sunkeit requ`res tfdt huif ne lect aj tfe level ac `hdge djm syhnal. @j kust`c`idt`aj, @ accer tfese rehdros ny Kujg; We sfaulm jat negrumge tfe dlifeh`sts tfe`r seiret ldjgudge; meeper `js`gft `jta tfe pranlehs ac psyif`i mevelaphejt saaj tedifes us faw huif netter `t `s ta reserve kumgehejt `jstedm ac  pr ehd tur ely

djj auji `jg

ta dll djm

suj mry

wfd t's wfdt . Ac iau rse

we dll

fdve

dj

ujmerstdjmdnle mes`re car irystdl ildr`ty, nut we dre dpt ta carget tfdt `j psyif`i hdtters we dre medl`jg w`tf praiesses ac exper`ejie, tfdt `s, w`tf trdjscarhdt`ajs wf`if sfaulm jever ne g`vej fdrm djm cdst jdhes `c tfe`r l`v`jg havehejt `s jat ta petr`cy `jta sahetf`jg stdt`i. ]fe  pr ated j hyt fala geh djm tfe sf` hhe r`j g s yhn al exp res s tfe pra ies ses ac tfe psy ife cd r har e trejifdjtly djm. `j tfe ejm. cdr hare iledrly tfdj tfe iledrest iajiept? car tfe syhnal jat ajly iajveys d v`sudl`zdt`aj ac tfe praiess nut ” djm d jm tf`s `s perfdps kust ds `hpartdjt ” `t ` t dlsa  nr `jgs d re -ex per `ej i`j g a c `t, ac tfd t tw` l`gf t wf`i f we idj le drj ta ujm ers tdjm ajl y tfr augf `jaccejs`ve ehpdtfy, nut wf`if taa huif ildr`ty ajly m`spels .>7 

97

Kujg,  Dlifeh`idl Ytum`es, IW  49,   49, pdr. 400.  400.  

 

 

 

Idli`jdt`aj

H

ast l`sts ac dlifeh`idl aperdt`ajs  ne g`j

w`t f idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a. D  D cew

 dutfars sdy  salul`a  salul`a iahes  iahes c`rst. Fawever, tfe sequejie ac aperd-

t`ajs (w`tf aje ar twa exiept`ajs) maes jat seeh ta ne psyifalag`idlly s`gj`c`idjt. Djy aperdt`aj hdy ne tfe `j`t`dt`jg aje, djm tfe atfers hdy

callaw `j djy armer. Ds w`tf hast dlifeh`idl `hdges, idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   mer`ves `j pdrt crah d ifeh`idl  pr aie mur e. ]fe if ifeh` eh` id l pra ies s ac id li `jd t`a j ejt d` ls tfe tf e `jte `j te js e fed t` jg ac d sa l` m `j armer ta mr`ve acc wdter djm dll atfer iajst`tuejts tfdt w`ll valdt`l`ze. Wfdt rehd`js `s d c`je, mry pawmer. ]fe ildss`i exdhple ac idli`jdt`aj, crah wf`if `t mer`ves `ts jdhe (idlx 8 l`he), `s tfe fedt`jg ac l`hestaje (IdIAk) ar sldoem l`he (Id(AF) > ) ta pramuie qu`iol`he (IdA, idlx v`vd).  v`vd).  Wfej wdter `s dmmem, qu`iol`he fds tfe `jterest`jg ifdrditer`st`i ac gejerdt`jg fedt. @t wds tfaugft ny tfe dlifeh`sts ta iajtd`j c`re djm wds sahet`hes equdtem w`tf c`re `tselc. 4   ]fe wajmer ac qu`iol`he ta tfe h`jm `gjardjt ac ifeh`stry `s v`v`mly mesir`nem  ny Du gus t` je; Let us iajs`mer tfe wajmers ac l`he? car nes`mes graw`jg wf`te `j c`re, wf`if hdoes atfer tf`jgs nldio, ...`t fds dlsa d hyster`aus praperty ac iajie`v`jg c`re w`tf`j `t. @tselc ialm ta tfe tauif, `t yet fds d f`mmej stare ac c`re, wf`if `s jat dt ajie dppdrejt ta aur sejses, nut wf`if exper`ejie tedifes us. l`es ds `t were sluhner`jg w`tf`j `t evej wf`le ujseej. Djm `t

`s car tf`s redsaj idllem “qu`iol`he,‘ ds `c tfe c`re were tfe `jv`s`nle saul qu`ioej`jg tfe v`s`nle sunstdjie ar namy. Nut tfe hdrvelaus tf`jg `s, tfdt tf`s c`re `s o`jmlem wfej `t `s ext`jgu`sfem. Car ta m`sejgdge tfe f`mmej c`re tfe l`he `s ha`stejem ar mrejifem w`tf wdter, djm tfej, tfaugf `t ne ialm necare, `t neiahes fat ny tfdt very dppl`idt`aj wf`if iaals wfdt `s fat. Ds `c tfe c`re were mepdrt`jg crah tfe l`he djm nredtf`jg `ts ldst, `t ja lajger l`es f`m, nut dppedrs? djm tfej tfe l`he ly`jg `j tfe iaaljess ac medtf idjjat ne

requ`ioejem, djm wfdt we necare idllem “qu`io,‘ we jaw idll “sldoem.‘ > 

4

  ]fe Glary ak tfe Warlm   sdys, “]doe c`re, ar tfe qu`iol`he ac tfe sdges, wf`if `s tf e v`tdl c`re ac dll trees, djm tfere`j matf Gam F`hselc nurj ny m`v`je lave‘ (Wd`te, trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i

 Huseuh 4;406).  Huseuh  4;406). Dugust`je. I`ty ac Gam  >4;=.   >4;=.

 

Edif ac tfe caur elehejts fds `ts awj pdrt`iuldr aperdt`aj. Idli`jd- t`a `s t`a `s tfe c`re aperdt`aj (tfe atfers;  salut`a,  salut`a, wdter?  wdter? iadguldt`a. iadguldt`a. edrtf?  edrtf? sunl`hd  sunl`hd``a, ``a, d`r).  d`r). Fejie djy `hdge tfdt iajtd`js apej c`re nurj`jg ar dcceit`jg sunstdjies w`ll ne reldtem ta tfe idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a.   ]f`s apejs up tfe wfale r`if djm iahpl`idtem sunkeit ac c`re syhnal`sh. Kujg fds mehaj strdtem tfdt c`re syhnal`zes l`n`ma.‑ ]f`s  put s `t ver y gej erd lly. @j arm er ta spe i`c y tf e `hp l`i dt` ajs ac c`r e djm `ts ecceits, we hust exdh`je tfe pfejahejalagy ac tfe `hdge `j `ts vdr`aus rdh`c`idt`ajs. @j ]fe ]welve Oeys  Oeys  ac Nds`l Sdlejt`je we c`jm tfe callaw`jg rei`pe car idli`jdt`a;   “]doe d c`erie grdy walc, wf`if... `s caujm `j tfe vdlleys djm idli`jdt`a; haujtd`js ac tfe warlm, wfere fe radhs dlhast sdvdge w`tf fujger. Idst ta f`h tfe namy ac tfe O`jg, djm wfej fe fds mevaurem `t, nurj f`h ejt`rely ta dsfes `j d gredt c`re. Ny tf` s praiess tfe O`jg w`ll ne l` nerdtem? djm wfej `t fds  nee j per car hem tfr `ie tfe l`a j fds ave ria he tfe walc , djm w`l l c`jm jat f`j g hare ta mevaur `j f`h. ]fus aur namy fds neej rejmerem c`t car tfe c`rst stdge a c aur waro‘ =  (see C`gure >-4).

 C@GU^E  C@GU^ E> >  - @   Idli`jdt`a ac Idli`jdt`a  ac tfe O`jg. ]fe Walc ds  Rr`hd Hdter Hdter`d. `d. Mevaur`jg  Mevaur`jg tfe Medm O`jg (Crah Hd`er.  Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td Cug`ejs. Cug`ejs. 4346.)  4346.)

‑Kujg, Yyhnals ac ]rdjscarhdt`aj. IW 5,  5,   pdr. >26. Huseuh 4;9>5.   ▢•Wd`te, trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh 4;9>5.

 

^edm fds `jterpretem tf`s pdssdge ifeh`idlly. Fe `mejt`c`es tfe walc w`tf

djt`hajy, wf`if wds idllem tfe “‚walc ac hetdls,‑ neiduse `t ‚mevaurem,‑ ar uj`tem w`tf, dll tfe ojawj hetdls exiept galm. Aj diiaujt ac `ts use `j pur`cy`jg haltej galm ” tfe t fe `hpur`t`es ne`jg rehavem `j tfe carh ac d siuh ” djt`hajy d jt`hajy wds dlsa idllem ndljeuh reg`s,  reg`s,  tfe ‚ndtf ac tfe O`jg.‑‘ 5   ]fus tfe pdssdge waulm recer ta tfe  pur `c` idt` aj ac gal m n y h elt `jg `t tfr ee t`h es w`t f d jt` haj y. ]f`s `jt erpr etd t`a j h dy  ne r`g ft cra h tfe str `it ly ife h`i dl stdj mpa `jt . Fawe ver , `t cd` ls ta tdo e `jt a diia ujt tfe hedj`jg ac tfe cdjtdsy `hdges tfdt dre prakeitem `jta tfe ifeh`idl praiess. ]fese represejt tfe psyif`i iahpajejt ac dlifehy tfdt `s tfe if`ec `jterest ac tfe  psyi fat fer dp` st.

]fe text spedos ac “tfe namy ac tfe O`jg.‘ Rresuhdnly tfe o`jg `s dlredmy medm, fdv`jg neej o`llem `j tfe praiess ac har``c`id``a. har``c`id``a.   ]fe medtf ac d o`jg `s d t`he ac ir`s`s djm trdjs`t`aj. ^eg`i`me `s tfe grdvest ac ir`hes. Rsyifalag`idlly `t waulm s`gj`cy tfe medtf ac tfe rul`jg pr`ji`ple ac iajsi`ausjess, tfe f`gfest dutfar`ty `j tfe f`erdrif`idl struiture ac tfe ega. Medtf ac tfe o`jg waulm tfus ne diiahpdj`em  ny d reg res s`v e m`s sal ut` aj ac tfe iaj si` aus per saj dl` ty. ]f`s iau rse ac eve jts `s `jm`idtem ny tfe cdit tfdt tfe namy ac tfe o`jg `s cem ta d rdvej`jg walc? tfdt `s, tfe ega fds neej mevaurem ny fujgry mes`rausjess. ]fe walc `j turj `s cem ta tfe c`re. Nut walc 8 mes`re djm mes`re 8 c`re. ]fus mes`rausjess iajsuhes `tselc. Dcter d mesiejt `jta fell, tfe ega (o`jg) `s renarj, pfaej`xl`oe, `j d pur`c`em stdte. Ds `j cd`ry tdles, tfe tfreecalm repet`t`aj s`gj`c`es tfe iajsuhhdt`aj ac d tehpardl praiess. 3  ] fe stdtehejt tfdt “tfe l`aj fds averiahe tfe walc‑ waulm equdte

tfe l`aj w`tf tfe c`re tfdt iajsuhes tfe walc. ]fe l`aj `s tfe “lawer suj,‘ 7  d tfer`aharpf`i represejtdt`aj ac tfe hdsiul`je pr`ji`ple. ]fere dre dlifeh`idl  p`i tur es sfa w`j g d l`a j m evau r`j g t fe suj . Y `ji e su j, o`j g, djm gal m d re equ `vd lejt s, tf`s waulm s`gj`cy tfe mesiejt ac iajsi`ausjess `jta tfe dj`hdl redlh wfere `t hust ejmure tfe c`ery ejerg`es ac `jst`jit. @j ifeh`idl `hdgery `t `s tfe pur`c`idt`aj ar rec`j`jg ac galm. Aur text seehs ta set up tfree levels ac ne`jg. Crah nelaw upwdrm tfere dre tfe level ac tfe walc, tfe level ac tfe c`re ar l`aj, djm tfe level ac tfe o`jg. @c we equdte tfe walc w`tf elehejtdl mes`rausjess, tfe l`aj w`tf tfe egaiejtr`i pawer mr`ve, djm tfe o`jg w`tf m`sir`h`jdt`jg, ankeit`ve iajsi`ausjess, we fdve d very ilase pdrdllel ta tfe stdges `j tfe trdjscarhdt`aj ac `jst`jit ds carhuldtem ny Estfer Fdrm`jg ” tfdt t fdt `s, tfe dutas.

^edm,  Rrelume ta Ifeh`stry, p. Ifeh`stry, p. >24.  >24.  

‚Em`jgir.  Ega djm Drifetype, pp. Drifetype, pp. 470cc. 7

Kujg.  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s. Iaj`ujit`aj`s. IW  4=.   4=. pdr. >4.  >4.  

 

tfe ega, djm tfe Yelc." Dltfaugf Fdrm`jg uses tfese terhs ta mejate suiiess`ve iejters ac iajsi`ausjess `j tfe iaurse ac psyifalag`idl mevelaphejt, tfey idj dlsa ne ujmerstaam ds res`mudl struiturdl ldyers ac tfe dmult psyife tfdt dre sunkeit ta redit`vdt`aj. ]fe ceem`jg ac tfe o`jg ta tfe walc, tfe iajsuh`jg ac tfe walc ny c`re (l`aj), djm tfe ren`rtf ac tfe o`jg aut ac tfe c`re waulm tfej

s`gj`cy tfe regress`aj ac tfe ega ta tfe ar`g`jdl “dutas‘   stdge ac dutaerat`i mes`rausjess. ]f`s `s callawem ny tfe “ega‘ ar persajdl pawer stdge, djm c`jdlly  ny tfe ret urj ac d r ec` jem ar dugh ejt em anke it` ve i ajsi `aus jes s. D mredh tfdt ilasely pdrdllels aur text wds mredhem ny d hdj ac h`mmle dge cdi`jg d ifdllejg`jg `lljess; ]fe ^ev. V fdm m`em (d well-ojawj h`j`ster nelavem ny tfe pdt`ejt). F`s namy wds ta ne irehdtem djm tfere wds sahe quest`aj ds ta wfa waulm get tfe galm tfdt waulm ne lect aver dcter f`s namy wds nurjem. @ sdw tfe l`qu`m galm, very mdro `j ialar, felm `j sahe mdro stucc, perfdps dsfes tfdt were nldio  --------------------nldio  -------------------- Hy c`rst tfaugft dnaut tfe galm wds jegdt`ve, jegdt`ve, d ceel`jg ac repugj repugjdjie, djie, tfej `t aiiurrem ta he tf'dt fe hust fdve neej sahetf`jg very spei`dl, djm tfdt tfe galm wds sart ac f`s essejie, ar wfdt fe lect nef`jm ac vdlue. ]f`s mredh iahn`jes severdl dlifeh`idl tfehes; idli`jdt`a  idli`jdt`a  ds irehdt`aj? tfe medtf djm nldiojess ac hart`ctidt`a? hart`ctidt`a?   extrdit`aj ac essejie,  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a?? djm tfe hdo`jg ac galm, tfe gadl ac tfe apus. apus.   @j natf tfe text djm tfe mredh, tfe medm o`jg ar cdtfer c`gure `s tfe ankeit ac idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a.. 0   ]fe mredh suggests tfdt d mah`jdjt l`ce vdlue draujm wf`if tfe persajdl`ty fds neej struiturem `s ujmerga`jg rààvdludt`aj.   ]fe idli`j`jg c`re hdy mer`ve crah sexudl`ty. Car `jstdjie, d hdj wfa wds medl`jg w`tf iahpuls`ve sexudl`ty fdm tf`s mredh;  Fe sees sees f`s hatfe hatferr `j d w`re ndsoet iaver iaverem em w`tf crdghejts crdghejts a acc fat sldte. ]fe  praiemure  praie mure `s sup suppasem pasem ta ne tferdp tferdpeut`i eut`i nut nut tfe tfere re

"Fdrm`jg wr`tes; “@j tfe c`rst stdge... tfe caidl iejter, tfe @, `s iahplet ely mah`jdtem ny duta-erat`i mes`res. @ fdve idllem tf`s iejter tfe dutas. @j tfe seiajm stdge tfe ega neiahes tfe iejter ac iajsi`ausjess, djm tfe `jst`jit`ve mr`ves dre ham`c`em tfraugf tfe`r reldt`aj ta tfe jew-caujm ega iajsi`ausjess, wf`if `j turj sdy s“f" @j tfe tf`rm stdge tfe ega `s m`spldiem crah `ts iejtrdl pas`t`aj, neiah`jg reldt`ve `j `hpartdjie ta tfe jew iejter ac iajsi`ausjess, tfe Yelc, wfase idtegar`idl `hperdt`ve tdoes aver ult`hdte iajtral" ( Rsyif`i ( Rsyif`i  Ejergy, @ts Yaurie djm Gadl. pp. Gadl. pp. >9 >=).

‑Crdjies W`ioes fds repartem d mredh aj tfe sdhe tfehe, mredhem ny d hdj w`tf d hatfer  pra nle h. ]fe alm O`jg, wfase iruelly `s iahpletely `rrdt`ajdl, hust ne o`llem w`tf f`s awj swarm, d nejt djm rusty nldme. Wfej tf`s `s maje, d cldhe spr`jgs up crah tfe l`celess namy. Ds tfe alm O`jg `s iajsuhem ta dsfes, d gledh`jg swarm dppedrs `j tfe iejter ac tfe cldhe   (]fe @jjer Warlm ac Ifa`ie,  Ifa`ie,    p. 44= ).  

 

`s sahe quest`aj tfdt `t hdy neiahe m`dnal`idl `c tfe stdte crdghejts dre fedtem sa fat ds ta hdoe `t tarture. ]fe mredher wds reh`jmem ac fdv`jg seej rdts esidp`jg crah d ndsoet ac nurj`jg trdsf. @j tf`s mredh tfe hatfer represejts tfe  pr`hd hdter hdter`d `d tfdt hust ujmerga idli`jdt`a.   @j atfer warms `t `s tfe Eras redlh ac tfe ceh`j`je pr`ji`ple tfdt requ`res idli`jdt`a.  pur `c` idt` aj (se e c `gu res >- > dj m > 9). @j djatfer text tfe idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a  `s mesir`nem ds callaws; “]fej tdoe aut dll tfe cdeies wf`if rehd`j `j tfe retart, djm dre nldio`sf l`oe ujta saat, wf`if cdeies dre idllem aur Mrdgaj, ac wf`if cdeies idli`je...`j d cervejt fat c`re...ujt`l `t neiahes d wf`te

idlx, ds wf`te ds sjaw‘ 42 (see c`gure >-=). Fere tfe hdtter ta ne idli`jem `s idllem mrdgaj ar “nldio cdeies"” tfdt t fdt `s, sfdmaw stucc. @j djatfer text `t `s idllem tfe Etf`ap`dj; “]fej w`ll dppedr `j tfe nattah ac tfe vessel tfe h`gfty Etf`ap`dj,  nur jem , idli `je m, nle dif em, dlt age tfe r med m djm l`c ele ss. Fe dso s ta ne nur `em , ta ne spr`jolem w`tf f`s awj ha`sture djm slawly idli`jem t`ll fe sfdll dr`se `j glaw`jg carh crah tfe c`erie c`re. ...Nefalm d wajmraus restardt`aj ar rejewdl ac tfe

Etf`ap`dj!‘"   ]fe tfree texts quatem w`ll succ`ie ta mehajstrdte tfe jdture ac tfe sunstdjie ta

 ne idli `je m. @t `s idl lem vdr vdr`au `ausly sly d “rd vej vej`j `jgg w alc alc," ," “nl dio c dei es, " d “mr dgaj ,‘ djm d “h`gfty Etf`ap`dj.‘ ]fese terhs tell us tfdt tfe idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   `s percarhem aj tfe  pr` h`t `ve sfdm aw s `me , w f`i f f drn ars

C@GU^E >-> Idli`jdt`a ac Idli`jdt`a  ac dj Edrtf-Dj`hdl (HY. Yladje @. 4943, 47tf iejtury. Lajmaj. Nr`t`sf Huseuh. ^epr`jtem `j Nurldjm, ]fe Drts ac tfe Dlifeh`sts.)  Dlifeh`sts.) 

'"“]fe Nasah Naao ac Y`r Gearge ^`pley," `j Ialleitdjed Ifeh`id.  Ifeh`id.   p. 4>3. "Helif`ar, i`tem ny Kujg `j  Rsyifalagy dj`l Dlifehy, IW  4>. pdrs. =6= 65.

 

DJD]AHP ac tfe psyife

 

C@GU^E >-9 Idli`jdl`a ac Idli`jdl`a  ac tfe Mevaur`jg Rdrejt (Hutus L`ner, 472>. L`ner, 472>. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg,  Rsyifalagy  Rsyi falagy djm Dlifehy Dlifehy.) .)  

fujgry, `jst`jitudl mes`rausjess djm `s iajtdh`jdtem w`tf tfe ujiajsi`aus. ]fe c`re car tfe praiess iahes crah tfe crustrdt`aj ac tfese `jst`jitudl mes`res tfehselves. Yuif dj armedl ac crustrdtem mes`re `s d ifdrditer`st`i cedture ac tfe mevelaphejtdl praiess. D hdj wfa ejmurem d pralajgem crustrdt`aj fdm tf`s mredh; ]fe mredher caujm f`hselc `j d idverjaus pldie, perfdps ujmergraujm. ]fraugf d maar iahe fuge, wf`te-fat hdsses ac l`hestaje tfdt sl`me ar rall pdst f`h. Yhaoe djm c`re dre dll dnaut. Fe

 

 

C@GU^E > - = ]fe C`re ac tfe Mrdgaj Ne`jg Natf Cdjjem djm Ext`jgu`sfem (]r`shas`j, Yplejmar Yal`s, 456>.) Yal`s,  456>.)

 seeos Kar d wdy aut nut wfejev wfejever er fe apejs d maar fe `s het ny ny n`llaw`jg n`llaw`jg sh shaoe aoe w wf`if f`if mr`ves f`h ndio. Aj dwdoej`jg f`s c`rst dssai`dt`ajs were tfdt tf`s hust ne fell ar tfe c`ery curjdie ac Jenuifdmjezzdr. @j tf`s mredh tfe `jert l`hestaje `s `j tfe praiess ac ne`jg trdjscarhem `jta l`v`jg qu`iol`he ny tfe idli`jdt`a. ]fe dssai`dt`ajs nr`jg up d  n`n l`i dl `hd ge ac tfe idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a.   Jenuifdm jezzdr‑s c`ery curjdie, wf`if hdoes dj `jterest`jg psyifalag`idl pa`jt. Jenuifdmjezzdr iahhdjmem everyaje ta cdll mawj djm warsf`p f`s galmej `hdge. Yfdmrdif, Hesfdif, djm Dnemjega recusem.  Jenu ifdm jez zdr `j cur `au s rdg e fdm tfe h tfr awj `jt a tfe c`e ry cur jdi e. Nut tfe y were ujfdrhem, djm `j tfe h`mst ac tfe c`re caur hej were seej? tfe dppedrdjie ac

tfe caurtf wds “l`oe d saj ac tfe gams‘ (Mdj`el 9;>5 KN).  

 

]fe diiaujt ehpfds`zes Jenuifdmjezzdr‑s cur`aus rdge. F`s rdge idj ne equdtem w`tf tfe c`ery curjdie. Fe persaj`c`es tfe pawer hat`ve, tfe drn`trdry dutfar`ty ac tfe `jcldtem ega tfdt ujmergaes idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   wfej `ts averwfelh`jg  pre tej s`a js dre cru str dtem ny tfe pres ejie ac tf e trd js per saj dl dut far `ty (tf e G am ac Yfdmrdif, Hesfdif, djm Dnemjega). Jenuifdmjezzdr iarrespajms ta tfe o`jg `j aur dlifeh`idl quatdt`aj wfa `s cem ta tfe walc djm tfej idli`jem. Djatfer `jterest`jg cedture `s tfdt `j tfe curjdie tfe tfree hej neiahe caur. ]f`s `s d iledr dllus`aj ta tfe tatdl`ty ac tfe Yelc tfdt eherges `j tfe h`mst ac tfe

crustrdt`aj ac tfe ega pawer mehdjms. Jenuifdmjezzdr‑s c`ery curjdie expresses dj drifetypdl s`tudt`aj. @t `s wfdt aje ejiaujters wfejever aje ifdllejges dj drn`trdry dutfar`ty, e`tfer `jterjdl ar exterjdl. Wfetfer aje gets tfraugf suif d idli`jdt`a   mepejms aj wfetfer aje `s dit`jg aj ega hat`ves ar Yelc hat`ves (see idli`jdt`a c`gure >-5). Yfdmrdif, Hesfdif, djm Dnemjega were `hhuje ta c`re. ]f`s nr`jgs up d

typ`idl hat`c. El`dme fds m`siussem tfe “hdstery ac c`re‘ ds d cedture ac sfdhdj`sh djm tfe hytfalagy ac edrly hetdllurgy. 4>  ]fe sfdhdjs were suppasem ta ne `hhuje ta c`re. ]fey iaulm swdllaw `t ar p`io up nurj`jg iadls w`tf `hpuj`ty. @j tf`s iajjeit`aj d wahdj fdm dj `jterest`jg mredh; ]fe mredher sdw d wahdj nejm`jg aver d idulmraj-l`oe vdt falm`jg d ndll ac c`re `j fer fdjms. W`tf iahplete jajifdldjie djm ja ev`mejie ac pd`j ar fdrh sfe felm, sfdpem, djm squeezem tfe ndll ac c`re ds tfaugf `t were d p`eie ac ldujmry ne`jg wdsfem. ]fe mredher wdtifem w`tf dhdzehejt. ]fe mredh dssai`dtem ta dj dji`ejt Jdvdka @jm`dj wahdj tfdt tfe mredher ajie sdw hdo`jg nredm aj d fedtem staje w`tf fer ndre fdjms. ]fe mredh idhe dt d t`he wfej tfe pdt`ejt wds stdrt`jg ta ehndro aj d hdkar iredt`ve prakeit djm `jm`idtes tfdt tfe iredt`ve ejerg`es ac tfe Yelc were dit`vdtem 49  (see c`gure >-3). ]fe `hdge ac `jvuljerdn`l`ty ta c`re `jm`idtes dj `hhuj`ty ta `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf dcceit. Exper`ejie ac tfe drifetypdl psyife fds tf`s ecceit ta tfe extejt tfdt `t ejldrges djm meepejs ega iajsi`ausjess. ]fere `s tfej less l`oel`faam ac `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf tfe ehat`ajdl redit`ajs ac ajeselc

,>

El`dme. ]fe Carge djm `fe Irui`nle, pp. Irui`nle, pp. 70cc? dlsa Yfdhdj`sh.

,9

]fe `jterpretdt`aj ac tfe c`re-ojedm`jg wahdj ds tfe Yelc `s suppartem ny tfe callaw`jg

dhpl`c`idt`aj. “@j Epfreuh, tfe Yyr`dj wr`ter ac fyhjs. Kafj tfe Ndpt`st sdys ta Ifr`st; ‚D spdro ac c`re `j tfe d`r wd`ts car tfee aver tfe Karmdj. @c tfau callawest `t djm w`llst ne  ndp t`s em, tfej tdo e pas ses s`a j ac tfys elc , wds f tfy sel c, car wfa fds tfe paw er ta tdoe fal m

ac nurj`jg c`re w`tf f`s fdjms1 ]fau wfa dre wfally c`re, fdve heriy aj he‑ ‘ (i`tem `j Kujg.  Rsyifalagy ac tfe Ujiajsi`aus, Ujiajsi`aus, p.  p. 5=7 j. 34).

 

 

C@GU^E >-5 ]fe C`ery Curjdie ac Mdj`el (N`nle ac Yt. Ytepfej Fdrm`jg, 4>tf iejtury. M`kaj, N`nl`atfceque Huj`i`pdle, HY. 4=. ^epr`jtem `j  Hem`ev  Hem`evdl dl Hdj Hdjusir`p usir`ptt Rd`jt`jg.) Rd`jt`jg.)  

ar atfers. Ny iajtrdst d wedo ega `s very vuljerdnle ta ne`jg iajsuhem ny ejiaujter w`tf `jtejse dcceit. ]f`s pfejahejaj `s mesir`nem `j d paeh ny Marsfd Fdyes; C`llem w`tf d ilutter ac ujsartem stucc d spdro idj

set d hdj dnldze. Wfdt‑s tfere fedpem f`gf dhajg starem runn`sf dt d pucc w`ll nurst `j cldhe. Ja hdj idj ne dwdre ac f aw `jcldhhdnle fe `s, faw praje

 

DJD]AHP AC ]FE RYPIFE

>3

 

C@GU^E > - 3 ]fe Ytdrry Ydldhdjmer ]fdt L`ves `j tfe C`re. ]fe Heriur`dl Yp`r`t ac tfe  Rr`h  Rr`hd d  Hdter`d,, ds Ydldhdjmer. Cral`io`jg `j tfe C`re (Hd`er,  Dtdldjt  Hdter`d  Dtdldjtd d Cu Cug`ejs. g`ejs.   4346.)

ta wfdt idj rdge neyajm iajtral, uj less tfe  p`l em u p l `tt er ac f`s l`c e ` s o jawj ta f`h , djm fe `s dnle ta dssess wfdt fdzdrm fe `s `j, wfdt iaulm `gj`te. D hdj, m`sarmerem djm ujm`si`pl`jem, l`ves `j tfe per`l ac d pdj`i cl`gft necare tfe ajrusf ac d cldh`jg w`jm. Maes `t jaw seeh @ seeo ta ne pracaujm1 4 stdjm aj shao`jg dsf djm nldioejem graujm! 4=  

]fe c`re ac tfe idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   `s d purg`jg, wf`tej`jg c`re. @t dits aj tfe nldio stucc, tfe j`grema, j`grema,   djm turjs `t wf`te. Nds`l Sdlejt`je sdys, “Ojaw tfdt tf`s ( idli`jdt`a) idli`jdt`a)   `s tfe

ajly r`gft

djm leg`t`hdte

wdy ac

pur`cy`jg aur

45

sunstdjie."   ]f`s iajjeits `t w`tf tfe syhnal`sh ac purgdtary. ]fe maitr`je ac purgdtary `s tfe tfealag`idl versaj ac idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a prakeitem  prakeitem

l=

Fdyes, “C`re Fdzdrm,‘ `j ]fe Nell Nrdjif ^`jgs, p. ^`jgs, p. >3.

l5

Wd`te, trdjs., ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh 4;9>5. Huseuh 4;9>5.

 

ajta tfe dcterl`ce. ]fe if`ec sir`pturdl saurie car tfe maitr`je `s Rdul's stdtehejt `j @ Iar`jtf`djs 9;44-45 (^YS); Car ja atfer caujmdt`aj idj djyaje ldy tfdj tfdt wf`if `s ld`m, wf`if `s Kesus Ifr`st.  Jaw `c ”  djy aje hdj's nu` lmswaro aj tfe cauneiahe jmd t`a jhdj`cest? w` tf galmcar , s` lve pre i`a staj es, `t. waam , f dy, stunnle eedif dif w`ll tfer,Mdy w`llusm`silase neiduse `t w`ll ne revedlem w`tf c`re, djm tfe c`re w`ll test wfdt sart ac waro edif fds maje. @c tfe waro wf`if djy hdj fds nu`lt aj tfe caujmdt`aj surv`ves, fe w`ll reie`ve d rewdrm. @c djy hdj's waro `s nurjem up. fe w`ll succer lass, tfaugf fe f`hselc w`ll ne sdvem, nut ajly ds tfraugf c`re. Dugust`je iahhejts aj tf`s pdssdge; ]fe hdj wfa nu`lms w`tf waam, fdy, djm stunnle `s

tfe hdj `jvalvem `j lust djm idrjdl mes`re, nut “Car sa lajg ds fe maes jat precer suif dcceit`aj ar pledsure ta Ifr`st. Ifr`st `s f`s caujmdt`aj, tfaugf aj `t fe nu`lms waam, fdy, stunnle? djm tferecare fe sfdll ne sdvem ds ny c`re. Car tfe c`re ac dccl`it`aj sfdll  nur j s uif lux ur` aus ple dsu res djm edr tfl y l ave s.. .dj m a c t f`s c`r e t fe cuel `s ner edve hejt , djm dll tfase idldh`t`es wf`if iajsuh e tfese kays.‘ 43   Dgd`j, “tf`jgs dre jat last w`tfaut djgu`sf wfej tfey fdve neej lavem w`tf d passess`ve lave. Nut neiduse...fe precers ta succer tfe lass ac tfese tf`jgs rdtfer tfdj las`jg Ifr`st, djm maes jat mesert Ifr`st crah cedr ac las`jg suif tf`jgs ” evej e vej tfaugf fe hdy gr`eve aver f`s lass ”‚f  ”‚fee `s sdv sdvem‑ em‑ `jmeem, ‚yet sa ds ny c`re.‑ Fe ‚nurjs‑ w`tf gr`ec, car tfe tf`jgs fe fds lavem djm last, nut tf`s maes jat sunvert ar iajsuhe f`h, seiurem ds fe `s ny tfe stdn`l`ty djm tfe `jmestruitdn`l`ty ac f`s caujmdt`aj.‘ 47   ]fe maitr`je ac purgdtary fdm jat yet neiahe estdnl`sfem dt tfe t`he Dugust`je wrate. Fawever tfese rehdros were ldter dppl`em ta  pur gdt ar` dl c`r e. Dug ust` je hdo es twa `h par tdj t psyi fal ag` idl pa` jts . C`r st, tfe c`r e ac  pur gdt ary `s idus em ny tfe cru str dt` ajs ac lus t, mes `re , pas sess `ve lave ” `j ` j d warm, iajiup`siejie. Yeiajmly, aje idj surv`ve tf`s c`re, `jmeem ne sdvem ny `t. `c aje fds d sal`m caujmdt`aj `j Ifr`st. Rsyifalag`idlly tf`s waulm hedj tfdt psyifalag`idl mevelaphejt w`ll ne prahatem ny tfe crustrdt`aj ac pledsure djm pawer mes`res prav`m`jg aje fds d nds`idlly v`dnle reldt`aj ta tfe Yelc syhnal`zem ny Ifr`st.  Jex t ta tfe mait r`j e ac pur gdt ary w`t f `ts pur g`j g nut rem eeh` jg c`r e `s dj `hd ge ac  per pet udl idli`jd``a, idli`jd``a, tfe  tfe `med ac eterjdl puj`t`ve c`re. @x`aj wds puj`sfem car f`s ir`he ac try`jg .ta semuie Ferd ny ne`jg naujm ta d perpetudl wfeel ac c`re. ]fe jat`aj tfdt tfe w`ioem were puj`sfem `j tfe dcterl`ce wds w`mespredm `j djt`qu`ty. Iuhajt wr`tes;

“Dhajg dll tfe carhs ac puj`s fhejt tfdt ny c`re premah`jdtes. ]fe `med tfdt tfe Er`jyes  nur jt tfe mdhj em w`tf tfe `r tar ife s ` s dj i`e jt, djm

4

  >4;>3. '•Dugust`je, I`ty ac Iam  >4;>3.

▢‑Dugust`je. Iajcess`ajs djm Ejif`r`m`aj 46;36. Ejif`r`m`aj 46;36.  

 

tfe Ryr`pflegetfaj `s dj `gjeaus r`ver surraujm`jg ]drtdrus. Iertd`j dutfars

wejt neyajm tf`s. Lui`dj `j f`s ‚]rue F`star`es‑ mesir`nes tfe `sldjm ac tfe `hp`aus ds dj `hhejse nrdz`er wfejie r`se sulpfuraus djm p`tify cldhes‘ 44 * (see c`gure >7). Y`h`ldrly, `j Nummf`sh,  Dv`if  Dv`if`. `.   tfe lawest ac tf e e`gft Nummf`st “fat fells,‘ `s d  pld ie ac tar tur e n y c `re ds d p uj` sfhe jt car s`j . 40  Fawever, tf`s `hdge `s hast cully mevelapem `j tfe Ifr`st`dj maitr`je ac fell. Aje ac `ts sauries `s Hdttfew >5;=4-=9

(^YS); “Wfej fe w`ll sdy ta tfase dt f`s lect fdjm,   ‚Mepdrt crah he, yau iursem, `jta tfe eterjdl c`re prepdrem car tfe mev`l djm f`s djgels? car 4 wds fujgry djm yau gdve he ja caam, 4 wds tf`rsty djm yau gdve he ja mr`jo, @ wds d strdjger djm yau m`m jat weliahe he, jdoem djm yau m`m jat ilatfe he, s`io djm `j pr`saj djm yau

m`m jat v`s`t he.‑ ‘   Ds m`m Dugust`je, Ar`gej `j iahhejtdry aj tf`s pdssdge equdtes c`re w`tf tfe  pdss `aj s a c hd j. Ar` gej iahh ejt s aj tf` s pd ssd ge d s c all aws ;

C@GU^E >-7 ]fe S`alejt ]arturem `j d ^d`j ac C`re (Marà,  @llustr  @llustrdt`ajs dt`ajs car car Mdjte‑s M`v`je  M`v`je  Iahemy.)

'•Iuhajt,  Dcter  Dcterl`ce l`ce `j ^ahdj Rdgdj Rdgdj`sh, `sh, p.  p. 475. '‑Fdst`jgs,  Ejiyi  Ejiyilapem`d lapem`d ac ^e ^el`g`aj l`g`aj d djm jm Et Etf`is f`is 44;692.  44;692.  

 

Let us jaw see wfdt `s tfe hedj`jg ac tfredtejem “eterjdl c`re.“ Jaw we c`jm `j tfe  pr apf et @sd` df tfd t tfe c`r e ny wf` if edif hdj `s puj `sf em `s mes ir` nem ds nel ajg` jg ta

f`hselc. Car `t sdys, “Wdlo `j tfe l`gft ac yaur c`re djm `j tfe cldhe wf`if yau fdve o`jmlem car yaurselves“ (@sd`df 52;44). ]fese warms seeh ta `jm`idte tfdt every s`jjer

o`jmles car f`hselc tfe cldhe ac f`s awj c`re, djm `s jat plujgem `jta d c`re wf`if fds  nee j pr ev` aus ly o`j mle m ny sahe aje els e ar wf`i f ex` ste m nec are f`h . Ac tf` s c`r e tfe caam djm hdter`dl dre aur s`js, wf`if dre idllem ny tfe dpastle Rdul waam djm fdy djm stunnle... `j tfe very essejie ac tfe saul iertd`j tarhejts dre pramuiem crah tfe fdrhcul mes`res tfehselves tfdt ledm us ta s`j. Iajs`mer tfe ecceit ac tfase cdults ac pdss`aj wf`if actej aiiur `j hej, ds wfej tfe saul `s nurjt up w`tf tfe cldhes ac lave, ar tarhejtem ny tfe c`res ac kedlausy ar ejvy, ar tassem dnaut w`tf cur`aus djger, ar iajsuhem w`tf `jtejse sdmjess? rehehner`jg faw sahe hej, c`jm`jg tfe exiess ac tfese `lls taa fedvy ta nedr, fdve meehem `t hare talerdnle ta sunh`t ta medtf tfdj ejmure suif tartures. >2   ]f`s `s d rehdrodnly psyifalag`idl `jterpretdt`aj ac tfe c`re ac fell ta fdve neej wr`ttej `j tfe tf`rm iejtury. @t mehajstrdtes tfdt car tfe edrly ifurif cdtfers, psyif`i redl`ty djm tfealag`idl redl`ty were aje. Fell c`re `s tfe puj`sfhejt hetem aut ta tfase wfa dre

iajmehjem `j tfe “Ldst Kumgehejt,‘ wfa dre “we`gfem `j tfe ndldjie djm caujm wdjt`jg.‘ @t `s tfe cdte ac tfdt dspeit ac tfe ega tfdt `s `mejt`c`em w`tf tfe trdjspersajdl ejerg`es ac tfe  psyi fe djm uses tfe h car per saj dl ple dsu re ar paw er. ]f`s dspe it ac tfe ega , wf` if `s `mejt`c`em w`tf tfe Yelc-ejergy, hust ujmerga idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a.   ]fe praiess w`ll ne iajs`merem

“eterjdl‘ ajly wfej we dre medl`jg w`tf d psyif`i spl`t tfdt `rrevaidnly m`v`mes gaam crah ev`l djm fedvej crah fell. ]fere dre hdjy v`v`m express`ajs ac tfe c`re ac tfe Ldst Kumgehejt. Car exdhple, `j ^eveldt`aj >2;49- 45 (^YS) we redm; “Djm tfe sed gdve up tfe medm `j `t. Medtf djm Fdmes

gdve up tfe medm `j tfeh, djm dll were kumgem ny wfdt tfey fdm maje...djm `c djyaje‑s jdhe wds j at caujm wr`ttej `j tfe naao ac l`ce, fe wds tfrawj `jta tfe ldoe ac c`re.‘  

K2

Ar`gej, Aj C`rst Rr`ji`ples  Rr`ji`ples  >;= 5. D tfausdjm yedrs ldter ]fahds d Oehp`s expressem `t tf`s wdy (]fe

 @h`tdt`aj ac Ifr`st  4;>=);   4;>=); Wfdt `s tfere tfdt tfe c`re ac fell sfdll ceem upaj, nut tfy s `js1 ]fe hare tfau spdrest tfyselc jaw djm callawest tfe clesf, tfe hare severe feredcter sfdll ne tfy  puj` sfh ejt , d jm tfa u s tar est up gre dte r c uel car tfd t c ldh e. @j wfdt tf`jgs d hdj fdtf s`jjem, `j tfe sdhe sfdll fe ne tfe hare gr`evausly puj`sfem. ]fere sfdll tfe slatfcul ne pr`ioem carwdrm w`tf nurj`jg gadms, djm tfe gluttajs ne tarhejtem w`tf extrehe fujger djm tf`rst. ]fere sfdll tfe luxur`aus djm lavers ac pledsure ne ndtfem `j nurj`jg p`lif djm st`jo`jg nr`hstaje, djm tfe ejv`aus, l`oe hdm mags, sfdll fawl car very gr`ec. ]fere `s ja s`j nut sfdll fdve `ts awj praper tarhejt. ]fere tfe praum sfdll ne c`llem w`tf dll iajcus`aj? tfe iavetaus sfdll ne p`jifem w`tf h`serdnle  pej ury.

 

@j djatfer pldie `t `s put tf`s wdy; @c djy hdj warsf`p tfe nedst djm f`s `hdge, djm reie`ve f`s hdro `j f`s carefedm, ar `j f`s fdjm, tfe sdhe sfdll mr`jo ac tfe w`je ac tfe wrdtf ac Gam, wf`if `s paurem aut w`tfaut h`xture `jta tfe iup ac f`s `jm`gjdt`aj? djm fe sfdll ne _c`dad`jam``at]d`X   w`tf c`re djm nr`hstaje `j tfe presejie ac tfe faly djgels, _c`dad`jam``at]d`X  pr esej ie ac t fe Ldhn ; dj m t fe s haoe ac t fe` r t arh ejt _(kdadv`apavX _(kdadv`apavX dsiejmetf  dsiejmetf djm ever; djm tfey fdve ja rest mdy jar j` gft, wfa warsf`p tfe nedst djm f`s wfasaever reie`vetf tfe hdro ac f`s jdhe >4  (^ev. 4=;0 ”  44.  44. DS).

tarhejtem djm `j tfe up car ever `hdge? djm

Fere tfe puj`t`ve c`re ac tfe Ldst Kumgehejt `s `mejt`c`em w`tf Gam‑s wrdtf. ]fe sdhe aiiurs `j tfe Yequejie fyhj,  M`es @rde, `j @rde, `j tfe Nur`dl Hdss. @t presejts tfe Ldst Kumgehejt qu`te expl`i`tly ds d idli`jdt`a; idli`jdt`a;    M`es `rde. m`es m`es `l`d Yalve Yalvett  sdeiluh `j cdv`lld cdv`lld ]este  Mdv`m iuh Y`nylld

(“Af mdy ac wrdtf, Af tfdt mdy, wfej tfe warlm m`ssalves `j glaw`jg dsfes, ds w`tjess Mdv`m w`tf tfe Y`nyl.‘) ]fe recerejie ta tfe Y`nyl ledms ta d pdssdge  ` j Naao @@ ac tfe Y`nyll`je Ardiles;  Ardiles;  Djm tfej sfdll d gredt r`ver ac cldh`jg c`re claw crah fedvej djm iajsuhe dll pldies, tfe edrtf djm tfe gredt aiedj djm tfe grey sed, ldoes djm r`vers djm caujtd`js, djm heri`less Fdmes djm tfe Rale ac fedvej; nut tfe l`gfts ac fedvej sfdll helt tagetfer `j aje djm `jta d va`m (mesaldte) sfdpe (1). Car tfe stdrs sfdll dll cdll crah fedvej `jta tfe sed (1), djm dll tfe sauls ac hej sfdll gjdsf tfe`r teetf ds tfey nurj `j tfe r`ver ac  nr` hst aje djm tfe rus f ac tfe c`r e `j tfe nld z`j g pld `j, djm dsfe s sfd ll iav er dll tf` jgs , djm tfej sfdll dll tfe elehejts ac tfe warlm ne ld`m wdste, d`r, edrtf, sed, l`gft, pales, mdys djm j`gfts, djm ja hare sfdll tfe hult`tumes ac n`rms cly `j tfe d`r jar sw`hh`jg iredtures djy hare sw`h `j tfe sed? ja sf`p sfdll sd`l w`tf `ts idrga aver tfe wdves? ja strd`gft-ga`jg axej sfdll plaw tfe t`llem ldjm? tfere sfdll ne ja hare saujm ac sw`ct w`jms, nut fe sfdll cuse dll tf`jgs tagetfer `jta aje, djm purge tfeh iledj. KK  

@j tf`s pdssdge tfe idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a averldps  averldps w`tf tfe `hdge ac tfe iaj`- ujit`a. ]fe ujit`a. ]fe caur elehejts dre ne`jg cusem `jta d qu`jtessejt`dl aje. Hult`pl`i`ty `s ne`jg heltem `jta uj`ty. Fejie `t dllumes ta tfe `jtegrdt`aj ac tfe persajdl`ty tfraugf tfe praiess ac idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a. @t  @t `s dj exdhple ac tfe w`mespredm jat`aj tfdt tfe warlm w`ll ejm `j c`re. ]fe Yta`is fdm tfe

'']fe Greeo warm car tarhejt `s  Rdadv  RdadvLtce`v Ltce`v   ar  Rdddu  Rdddu`c`as. `c`as.   Kujg sdys dnaut tf`s warm; “Car dlifeh`sts `t fdm d maunle hedj`jg; /9da)  Huseuh  (4;42>) trdjsldtem ny Wd`te ah`ts tfe irui`dl pdssdge ”t fdt Ifr `st “ W ds radstem ny tfe c`re ac m`v`je wrdtf.‘   "^afme.  Rsyife  Rsyife @;  @; l 6cc.

 

l`gft, c`re-nredtf`jg, c`ery-fedrtem, sf`j`jg sp`r`t, reka`i`jg `j c`re, nedut`cul l`gft. Larm ac l`gft, c`ery-nam`em, g`ver ac l`gft, sawer ac c`re, iajcaujm`jg w`tf c`re, l`v`jg l`gft, wf`rl`jg c`re, haver ac l`gft, furler ac tfujmernalts, glar`aus l`gft, hult`pl`er ac l`gft, falmer ac c`ery l`gft, iajquerar ac tfe stdrs, eti.‘ 9>   @j severdl texts Ifr`st `s dssai`dtem w`tf c`re. @j Luoe 4>;=0 (^YS) Ifr`st

sd`m, “@ idhe ta idst c`re upaj tfe edrtf? djm waulm tfdt `t were dlredmy o`jmlem.‘ @j tfe Gjast`i Gaspel ac ]fahds  ]fahds  we redm, “Kesus sd`m; Fe wfa `s jedr he `s jedr tfe c`re djm fe wfa `s cdr crah he `s cdr crah tfe o`jgmah‘ 99  (see c`gure >-0). Ifdrditer`st`idlly, hytf`idl tf`jo`jg m`st`jgu`sfes twa types ac c`re. ]fe Yta`is spaoe ac d terrestr`dl c`re djm dj etfer`dl c`re. ]fe ldtter iarrespajmem ta  Jau s, t fe m`v` je Lagas , dj m ` s dj dlag aus ta tfe ldt er

C@GU^E > 0 ]fe C`re Yawer (E. Kdiany. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg, I`v`l`zdt`aj `j ]rdjs`t`aj.)  ]rdjs`t`aj.) 

H`tfrdsl``urg`e. i`tem ny Kujg. Yyhnals ac ]rdjscarhdt`aj. IW5. pdr. IW5. pdr. 495.  495.   '•‑M`eter`if,  E`je H`tfrdsl``urg`e. i`tem

‑‑Grdjt, ]fe Yeiret Ydy`jgs ak Kesus, p. Kesus, p. 462.  462.  

 

Ifr`st`dj iajiept`aj ac tfe Faly Yp`r`t. Nevdj mesir`nes tfe iajiept ac etfer`dl c`re ds

callaws; “Dll raujm tfe warlm wds dj ejvelape ac tfe c`ery etfer,  pur e djm ujh` xem ,  nut `t dls a p ejet rdt em tfe wfa le hdss , ds `ts sau l. ] fe arme rly war o`j g a c j dtu re wds `ts aperdt`aj; argdj`i ne`jgs grew diiarm`jg ta reguldr types, neiduse tfe M`v`je ^edsaj wds `j tfeh ds d lagas sperhdt`oas, d sperhdt`oas, d carhuld ac l`ce mevelap`jg crah d gerh. Evej upaj edrtf sahe ac tfe m`v`je c`re retd`jem `ts pure essejie ” tfe t fe redsajdnle sauls, edif aje

d pdrt`ile ac c`ery etfer, wf`if mwelt `j tfe fedrts ac hej.‘ 9=   @j Kdian Naefhe we c`jm tfe `hdge ac twa trees ac c`re ” aje a je `s tfe c`re ac tfe Faly Gfast, tfe atfer tfe c`re ac Gam‑s wrdtf. “]fe tree ac l`ce wds o`jmlem `j `ts awj qudl`ty ny tfe c`re ac tfe  Faly Gfast Gfast,,  djm `ts qudl`ty nurjt `j tfe c`re ac fedvejly  kay cul jes s, ` j dj ujs edr ifd nle l`g ft djm glary QQQQ ]fe tree ac tfe c`erie qudl`ty, wf`if `s tfe atfer pdrt `j jdture, wds o`jmlem dlsa, djm nurjt `j tfe c`re ac Gam's Wrdtf `j Wrdtf `j d fell`sf cldhe? djm tfe c`erie saurie rase up `jta eterj`ty, djm tfe pr`jie ac mdrojess w`tf f`s leg`ajs dname `j

tfe c`erie wrdtfcul qudl`ty, ds `j f`s awj o`jgmah.‘ 95   ]fe tree ac l`ce ds d tree ac c`re dllumes ta tfe pdssdge `j Gejes`s (9;>=, ^YS); “Fe mrave aut tfe hdj? djm dt tfe edst ac tfe gdrmej ac Emej fe pldiem tfe iferun`h, djm d

cldh`jg swarm wf`if turjem every wdy, ta gudrm tfe wdy ta tfe tree ac l`ce.‘ ]fe swarm  nel ajg s ta tfe syhn al` sh ac  sepdrd  sepdrdt`a t`a   djm hart`ctid``a. hart`ctid``a.   @j tf`s pdssdge tfere `s tfus dj averldp ac tfe ldtter `hdges w`tf tfe idli`jdt`m; idli`jdt`m;   ]fe  [afdr   sdys tfe cldh`jg swarm syhnal`zes tfe tr`dls w`tf wf`if Gam averwfelhs hdj, tfdt fe hdy ne restarem ta tfe wdy ac gaamjess. 93   Car tfe purgem ega tfe m`v`je c`re `s hare dpt ta ne exper`ejiem ds d tfeapfdjy ar m`v`je `jsp`rdt`aj. Car `jstdjie, wfej Pdfwef mesiejmem ajta Haujt Y`jd` fe turjem `t

`jta d l`he o`lj; “Djm Haujt Y`jd` wds wrdppem `j shaoe, neidu se tfe Larm mesiejmem upaj `t `j c`re? djm tfe shaoe ac `t wejt up l`oe tfe shaoe ac d o`lj‘ (Exam. 40;46, ^YS).

]fe warm ac Gam `s mesir`nem ds d c`re. Pdfwef sdys; “Nefalm, @ dh hdo`jg hy warms `j yaur hautf d c`re, djm tf`s peaple waam, djm tfe c`re sfd ll mevaur tfeh‘ (Ker. 5;4=, ^YS). Dgd`j, “@s jat hy warm l`oe c`re, sdys tfe Larm, djm l`oe d fdhher wf`if  nre dos tfe rai os `j p`e ies1 ‘ (Ke r. >9; >0, ^YS) . Els ewfe re, tfe taj gue ac hdj `s sd` sd`mm ta  ne set aj c`r e ny fel l. “Djm tfe tajgue taj gue `s d c`r e. ]fe taj gue   `s dj ujr`gfteaus warlm dhajg aur hehners, std`j`jg tfe wfale namy, sett`jg aj c`re tfe iyile

u

 Nevdj. Yta`is dj`l Yiept`is, p. Yiept`is, p. =9.

"Naefhe,  Durard,  Durard, pp.  pp. >=cc.

▢'•Wd`te. ]fe Faly Odnndldf, p. Odnndldf,  p. >02j.

 

ac jdture, djm set aj c`re ny fell‘ (Kdhes 9;3 ^YS). @j tfe  Nrui  Nruiee Iamex, d Iapt`i Gjast`i pdpyrus `j tfe Namle`dj L`nrdry, Axcarm, d r`tudl `s mesir`nem idllem “tfe Ndpt`sh ny C`re.‘ ]fe “S`rg`j ac L`ce‘ g`ves tfe “Wdter ac tfe Ndpt`sh ac C`re‘ djm tfe ndpt`zem ajes reie`ve aj tfe`r carefedms "tfe sedl ac tfe S`rg`j ac

L`gft.‘ 47   @j tfe h`rdile ac Rejteiast, ds mesir`nem `j Dits >;9, tfe Faly Yp`r`t iahes ds tajgues ac c`re (see c`gure >-42). ]fe callaw`jg idse `s dj exdhple ac tfe `hdge ac c`re ds tfe Faly Yp`r`t. D yaujg resedrif si`ejt`st hdme d nr`ll`djt carhuldt`aj `j d si`ejt`c`i pdper ndsem aj dj `hpartdjt m`siavery. ]fe pracessar wfa felm dutfar`ty aver f`h fdm nel`ttlem f`s iajilus`ajs w`tfaut redm`jg tfe pdper. Dt tf`s  pa` jt tfe

C @G @G U^ U^ E > - 4 2 R ej ej te te ia ia st st (Marà,  N`nle @llustrdt`ajs. @llustrdt`ajs.)) 

Hedm,  Crdghejts ac d Cd`tf Cargattej, Cargattej, p.  p. 5>3.  5>3.  

 

yaujg si`ejt`st, wfa wds usudlly very h`lm-hdjjerem, repl`em w`tf gredt  ------------- , `c yau dre ga`jg ta ir`t`i`ze hy pdper yau `jtejs`ty; “Rracessar  ------------hust c`rst redm `t djm g`ve `t idrecul tfaugft.‘ Fe wds dldrhem ny tfe `jtejs`ty ac f`s redit`aj, nut dcter dj `j`t`dl cldre ac djger tfe pracessar diojawlemgem f`s h`stdoe, redm tfe pdper, djm reiagj`zem `ts vdlue. ]fe j`gft necare tf`s irui`dl ejiaujter, wf`if fdm `hpartdjt iajsequejies car tfe

yaujg si`ejt`st‑s idreer, fe fdm tf`s mredh;    @ dh s`tt`jg s`tt`jg d dtt d m`j m`jjer jer tdnle tdnle w w`tf `tf guests. guests. Yummej Yummejly ly sahetf`jg sahetf`jg sp`lls djm idtifes idtifes c`re. ]fej tfe wfale tdnle `s iaverem w`tf l`ttle cldhes sf`ct`jg draujm crah aje s`me ta tfe atfer. @t `s d nedut`cul s`gft. Aj dwdoej`jg  /  / tf`jo ac tfe h`rdile dt Rejteiast.

]f`s mredh recers jat ajly ta tfe mredher‑s c`ery ejiaujter w`tf tfe pracessar,  nut , har e ` hpa rtd jtl y, ta tfe ire dt` ve c`r e ac tf e Faly Gf ast tfd t pau rem `ts elc aut aj f`h djm ejdnlem f`h ta hdoe f`s nr`ll`djt carhuldt`ajs. ]fe m`v`je c`re tfdt tauifes tfe iredt`ve drt`st `s mesir`nem `j tfe c`cty-j`jtf sajjet ac H`ifeldjgela; Ajly tfraugf c`re idj tfe sh`tf pull djm stretif Hetdl `jta tfe sfdpe ac f`s mes`gj. Ajly tfraugf c`re idj tfe drt`st redif Rure galm wf`if ajly curjdies rec`je.  Jar idj tfe pf aej` x r dre `ts elc reh doe Ujless `t c`rst ne nurjt. Car hy pdrt, @ Fape ta dsiejm tr`uhpfdjtly aj f`gf Wfere medtf culc`lls, wfere t`he `tselc hust nredo. ]fe c`re ac wf`if @ spedo fds nraugft sdlvdt`aj, @ c`jm `j `t jew pawers djm restardt`aj Dltfaugf @ seehem dlredmy w`tf tfe medm. Y`jie ny c`re jdture redifes up ta fedvej @ hdy, tfraugf `t, ne reiaji`lem, carg`vej, Car `t hust surely nedr he averfedm. 96   ]fe dhn`guaus iajtrdst netweej tfe c`re ac tfe Faly Yp`r`t (ar tfe mave ac Dpfram`te) djm tfe c`re ac iajiup`siejie `s nedut`cully mesir`nem ny ]. Y. El`at; ]fe mave mesiejm`jg nredos tfe d`r W`tf cldhe ac `jidjmesiejt terrar Ac wf`if tfe tajgues meildre ]fe aje m`sifdrge crah s`j djm errar. ]fe ajly fape, ar else mespd`r

"H`ifeldjgela. ]fe Yajjets ac H`ifeldjgela, p. H`ifeldjgela, p. 05.  05.  

 

L`es `j tfe ifa`ie ac pyre ar pyre ”   ]a ne remeehem crah c`re ny c`re. Wfa tfej mev`sem tfe tarhejt1 Lave. Lave `s tfe ujcdh`l`dr jdhe Nef`jm tfe fdjms tfdt wave ]fe `jtalerdnle sf`rt ac cldhe Wf`if fuhdj pawer idjjat rehave. We ajly l`ve, ajly susp`re Iajsuhem ny e`tfer c`re ar c`re.- 40  

]fe “`jtalerdnle sf`rt ac cldhe‘ recers ta dj `hpartdjt ido`jdt`a `hdge, tfe sf`rt ac Jessus `j tfe Ferdiles hytf. Ferdiles resiuem Me`dje`rd crah rdpe ny tfe iejtdur Jessus, us`jg dj drraw t`ppem w`tf tfe pa`sajaus nlaam ac tfe fymrd. Necare f`s medtf, Jessus gdve Me`dje`rd d lave ifdrh iahpasem ac f`s awj  nla am td` jte m w`tf fym rd nla am. Wfej Fer dile s nei dhe `j ter este m `j djat fer wahdj, Me`dje`rd sadoem d sf`rt `j tf`s pat`aj djm gdve `t ta Ferdiles. Wfej fe

 put `t aj `t nei dhe d “sf “sf`rt `rt ac cld he‘ wf`if wf` if iaulm iau lm jat ne reh avem. avem . Fer Ferdil diles es esidpem tfe tarhejt ajly ny valujtdr`ly iajsuh`jg f`hselc aj d cujerdl pyre. ]fe sdhe `hdge dppedrs wfej Hemed sejms Kdsaj's c`djiee, Glduie, d rane tfdt  nur sts `jt a c ldh e wf ej s fe put s ` t a j. ]fe sf`rt ac Jessus `llustrdtes tfe cdit tfdt nlaam `s actej syhnal`idlly equdtem w`tf c`re. ]fus ndpt`sh `j nlaam `s equ`vdlejt ta ndpt`sh `j c`re. @j tfe tduranal`uh r`te ac H`tfrd`sh, tfe `j`t`dte `j d p`t wds sadoem w`tf tfe nlaam ac d null tfdt wds sdir`c`iem aj d ldtt`iem pldtcarh dnave f`h. =2   D sahewfdt hare

rec`jem exdhple ac tfe sdhe `hdge `s caujm `j ^eveldt`aj; “Wfa dre tfese, ilatfem `j wf`te ranes, djm wfejie fdve tfey iahe1...]fese dre tfey wfa fdve iahe aut ac tfe gredt tr`nuldt`aj? tfey fdve wdsfem tfe`r ranes djm hdme tfeh

wf`te `j tfe nlaam ac tfe Ldhn‘ (^ev. 7;49 -4=, ^YS). Ndpt`sh `j nlaam, l`oe tfe ejiaujter w`tf c`re, recers psyifalag`idlly ta tfe armedl ac ejmur`jg `jtejse dcceit. @c tfe ega falms, tfe armedl fds d rec`j`jg djm iajsal`mdt`jg ecceit. ]f`s w`ll ne aje ac tfe redsajs car pr`h`t`ve `j`t`dt`aj armedls tfdt actej gejerdtem `jtejse djx`ety. @j edrly t`hes c`re wds tfe if`ec hetfam ac sdir`c`ie ta tfe gams. C`re wds tfaugft ac ds d iajjeit`jg l`jo netweej tfe fuhdj djm m`v`je redlhs. ]fdt wf`if wds  sdir`c`  sdir`c`iem  iem   ny ny nu nurj` rj`jg jg qu` qu`te te l`ter l` ter dlly dll y wds “hdm e sdi rem rem.‘ .‘ ]fd t wf` wf`if if `s  nur jem tur js ldr gel y t a sha oe djm dsi ejms ta tfe up per reg `aj s. @t `s trd jsc err em ta tfe gams ny d praiess ac sunl`hdt`aj. ]f`s `s faw tfe Greeo nurjt sdir`c`ie, tfe tfvs`d, tfvs`d,   wds iajie`vem, djm dlsa tfe nurjt accer`jgs ac tfe Kews. =4   @j @jm`d, Dgj` `s tfe F`jmu c`re

w

El`al, “L`ttle G`mm`jg,‘ `j  Caur Tudrtets.  Tudrtets.  "Iuhajt. ]fe Hyster`es ac H`tfrd, p. H`tfrd, p. 462.  462.   Peroes, Ydir`c`ie `j Ireeo djm ^ahdj ^el`g`aj djm Edrly Kumd`sh, Kumd`sh, pdss`h.  pdss`h.  

 

gam, tfe aje ta wfah sdir`c`ie `s accerem. @j F`jmu tfaugft, “`t `s tfraugf c`re tfdt hdj iaulm iahhuj`idte w`tf f`gfer stdtes ac ne`jg, w`tf tfe gams djm tfe fedvejly spferes. ]fraugf c`re fe iaulm tdoe pdrt `j tfe iash`i l`ce, iaaperdte w`tf tfe gams.

Fe iaulm ceem tfeh tfraugf tfe hautf ac c`re. ‚Dgj` `s tfe hautf ac tfe gams? tfraugf tf`s hautf tfey tdoe tfe`r n redtf.‑‘ (Odp`stfdld -odtfd Ydhf`td 94.>2 djm Ydtd- pdnfd Nrdfhdjd 9.7.) =>  (see c`gure >-44). Ypedo`jg ac tfe sdir`c`i`dl c`re ac tfe Greeo tfvs`d, tfvs`d,   ldhnl`ifus sdys; “tfus dlsa tfe c`re tfdt `s w`tf us, `h`tdt`jg tfe ejergy ac m`v`je c`re,

Yf`vd Mdji`jg `j d I`rile ac C`re (Nrajze, 4>tf ar 49tf iejtury. Dhstermdh. Huseuh vdj Dz`dt`sife Oujst. ^epr`jtem `j [`hher, ]fe Drt ak @jm`dj Ds`d.)  Ds`d.) 

«Mdj`ilau,  F`jmu Ralytfe`sh, p. Ralytfe`sh, p. 3=.

 

mestrays everytf`jg wf`if `s hdter`dl `j sdir`c`ies, pur`c`es tfe tf`jgs wf`if dre accerem, l`nerdtes tfeh crah tfe najms ac hdtter, djm rejmers tfeh, tfraugf pur`ty ac jdture, dmdptem ta tfe iahhuj`aj ac tfe gams. @t l`oew`se l`nerdtes us, dcter tfe sdhe hdjjer crah tfe najms ac gejerdt`aj, dss`h`ldtes us ta tfe Gams, iduses us ta ne dmdptem ta tfe`r cr`ejmsf`p, djm iajmuits aur hdter`dl jdture ta dj `hhdter`dl

essejie.‘« Y`h`ldrly, iertd`j hytfs spedo ac tfe c`re -ndtf tfdt iajveys `hhartdl`ty. Car exdhple, Meheter, `j fer sarrawcul wdjmer`jgs dcter tfe dnmuit`aj ac Rersepfaje, diiepts tfe fasp`tdl`ty ac Ieleus djm Hetd- je`rd, o`jg djm queej ac Eleus`s. @j grdt`tume sfe pldjs ta hdoe tfe`r yaujg saj Mehapfaaj `hhartdl ny falm`jg f`h `j tfe c`re. Hetdje`rd sees tf`s praiemure djm `jterrupts `t ny fer siredhs. ==   @hhartdl`ty `s d qudl`ty ac tfe drifetypes. ]fus tfe psyifalag`idl hedj`jg ac tfe c`re- ndtf ac `hhartdl`ty w`ll ne tfdt d iajjeit`aj `s hdme netweej tfe ega djm tfe drifetypdl psyife, hdo`jg tfe carher dwdre ac `ts trdjspersajdl, eterjdl, ar `hhartdl dspeit. ]fe ejm pramuit ac idli`jdma idli`jdma   `s d wf`te dsf. =5   ]f`s iarrespajms ta tfe sa-idllem

“wf`te cal`dtem edrtf‘ ac hdjy dlifeh`idl texts. @t s`gj`c`es tfe dlnema dlnema   ar wf`tej`jg  pfd se djm fds pdr dma x`i dl dss ai` dt` ajs. Aj tfe aje fdj m dsfe s s`g j`c y mes pd` r, haurj`jg, ar repejtdjie. =3   Aj tfe atfer fdjm tfey iajtd`j tfe suprehe vdlue, tfe

gadl ac tfe waro. Aje text sdys, “Mesp`se jat tfe dsfes car tfey dre tfe m`dmeh ac   =7

tfy fedrt, djm tfe dsf ac tf`jgs tfdt ejmure.‘   Djatfer sdys, “]fe wf`te cal`dtem edrtf `s tfe irawj ac v`itary wf`if `s dsf extrditem crah dsf, djm tfe`r seiajm

 nam y.‘ =6   ]fe dsf `s tfe `jiarrupt`nle “glar`c`em namy,‘ wf`if fds surv`vem tfe  pur `cy` jg arm edl . @t `s equd tem w`tf tfe n`n l`i dl `hd ge ac tfe ira wj ac gla ry. @sd `df

 prah`s  pr ah`s es ta g`ve g`v e tfe hau haurje rje rs ac [`a j “d ira wj car dsf dsfes, es, tfe a`l ac kay car haurj`jg, d gdrhejt ac prd`se car tfe sp`r`t ac

=4

ldhnl`ifus, Aj tfe Hyster`es ac tfe Egypt`djs, p. Egypt`djs, p. >=7.  >=7.  

“Fes`am, “Faher`i Fyhjs ta Meheter," `j ]fe Faher`i Fyhjs djm Faher`id. p. Faher`id.  p. 927. =,

Yahet`hes tfe result `s d v`treaus hdss? fejie tfere `s dj averldp netweej tfe syhnal`sh

ac dsf djm gldss. “@j Yej`ar tfe dsf `s syjajyhaus w`tf v`truh v`truh   (gldss), wf`if, aj diiaujt ac `ts `jiarrupt`n`l`ty djm trdjspdrejiy, seehem ta resehnle tfe glar`c`em namy‘ (Kujg.    Hystir`uj` Iaj`ujit`aj`s. Iaj`ujit`aj`s. I W 4=. pdr. 904). =,

‑]f`s `s d iahhaj n`nl`idl `hdge. ]fe naao ac Kan prav`mes d gaam exdhple. Dcter “tfe c`re

ac  Gam cell crah fedvej" (Kan 4;43), Ydtdj “dccl`item Kan w`tf ladtfsahe sares crah tfe sales ac f`s ceet ta tfe irawj ac f`s fedm. Djm fe taao d patsferm w`tf wf`if ta sirdpe f`hselc, djm sdt dhajg tfe dsfes" (Kan >;7 6). Dt tfe ejm ac tfe mrdhd, dcter Kan fds ejiaujterem Pdfwef, fe sdys, “4 fdm fedrm ac tfee ny tfe fedr`jg ac tfe edr. nut jaw hy eye seis tfee? tferecare @ mesp`se hyselc djm

repejt `j must djm dsfes‘ (Kan =>;5). ]fe ejt`re naao ac Kan idj ne iajs`merem d syhnal`i mesir`pt`aj ac tfe idli`jd``a. idli`jd``a. Yee  Yee Em`jger.  Ega djm Drifetype, p. Drifetype, p. 73cc. =7

Kujg.  Hystir`uj` Iaj`ujit`aj`s, Iaj`ujit`aj`s, IW  4=,   4=, pdr. >=7.  

=

*ln`m., pdr. 946 j. 340.

 

gr`ec‑ (@sd. 34;9, MS). Yt. Rdul, us`jg tfe djdlagy ac dtflet`i gdhes, sdys, “Jaw tfey ma `t ta antd`j d iarrupt`nle irawj? nut we dj `jiarrupt`nle" (@ Iar. 0;>5, DS). Djm ldter; "@ fdve caugft tfe gaam c`gft (dywv), (dywv),   4 fdve c`j`sfem tfe rdie, 4 fdve oept tfe cd`tf.

Fejiecartf tfere `s ld`m up car he tfe irawj ac r`gfteausjess‘ (> ]`h. =;7 -6, ^YS). Dj exdhple ac idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   callawem ny glary `s caujm `j d legejm ac Yt. Kafj tfe Evdjgel`st (see c`gure >-4>); Wfej, dcter Rejteiast, tfe dpastles sepdrdtem, Kafj tfe Dpastle djm Evdjgel`st wejt ta Ds`d, djm tfere caujmem hdjy ifurifes. ]fe Ehperar Mah`t`dj, fedr`jg ac f`s cdhe, suhhajem f`h ta ^ahe, djm fdm f`h plujgem `jta d idulmraj ac na`l`jg a`l wf`if wds set up necare tfe gdte idllem tfe Rartd Ldt`jd? nut tfe sd`jt idhe cartf ujtauifem, kust ds fe fdm esidpem tfe iarrupt`aj ac tfe sejses. Yee`jg wf`if, tfe ehperar ex`lem f`h ta tfe

 

C@GU^E > 4> Yt. Kafj Na`lem `j A`l (Mürer, 4=06. ^epr`jtem `j ]fe Iahplete Waamiuts ac    Dlnreift  Dlnre ift Müre  Mürer.) r.)  

 

`sldjm ac Rdthas wfere, l`v`jg dlaje, fe wrate tfe Dpaidlypse. Nut tfe iruel ehperar wds sld`j tfdt sdhe yedr, djm tfe Yejdte revaoem dll f`s miiries. ]fus `t idhe dnaut tfdt Yd`jt Kafj, wfa fdm neej mepartem ds d ir`h`jdl, returjem ta Epfesus iaverem w`tf glary; tfe hult`tume rdj aut ta heet f`h. iry`jg; “Nlessem `s fe tfdt iahitf `j tfe jdhe ac tfe Larm .‘=0  Wfdt turjs tfe dsfes ac cd`lure `jta tfe irawj ac v`itary `s `jm`idtem ny tfe cdit tfdt dsf `s dlifeh`idlly equ`vdlejt ta sdlt. ]fe syhnal`sh ac sdlt fds neej 52

m`siussem iahprefejs`vely ny Kujg.   Nds`idlly sdlt syhnal`zes Eras djm dppedrs

`j aje ac twa dspeits, e`tfer ds n`tterjess ar ds w`smah. Kujg wr`tes; “]edrs, sarraw, djm m`sdppa`jthejt dre n`tter, nut w`smah `s tfe iahcarter `j dll psyif`i succer`jg. @jmeem, n`tterjess djm w`smah carh d pd`r ac dlterjdt`ves; wfere tfere `s  n`t ter jes s w` sma h ` s l dio `jg , d jm wfe re w`sm ah ` s t fer e id j n e j a n `tt erj ess. Ydl t, ds tfe idrr`er ac tf`s cdtecul dlterjdt`ve, `s iaarm`jdtem w`tf tfe jdture ac

wahdj.‘ 54  ]f`s p`eie ac hamerj w`smah fds dj dji`ejt pdrdllel `j Desifylus; @j v`s`ajs ac tfe j`gft, l`oe mrapp`jg rd`j. Mesiejm tfe hdjy hehar`es ac pd`j

Necare tfe sp`r`t‑s s`gft? tfraugf tedrs djm male   Iahes w`smah a'er tfe ujw`ll`jg saul. 5>   Crah tfe s`hplest stdjmpa`jt, idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   `s d mry`jg-aut praiess. Dj `hpartdjt  pdr t ac psy ifa tfe rdp y `j valv es tfe mr y`j g aut ac wdt er lag gem uji ajs i`au s iahplexes. 54  ]fe c`re ar ehat`ajdl `jtejs`ty jeiessdry car tf`s aperdt`aj seehs ta res`me `j tfe iahplex `tselc djm neiahes aperdt`ve ds saaj ds tfe pdt`ejt dttehpts ta hdoe tfe iahplex iajsi`aus ny sfdr`jg `t w`tf djatfer persaj. Dll tfaugfts, meems, djm hehar`es tfdt idrry sfdhe, gu`lt, ar djx`ety jeem ta ne g`vej cull express`aj. ]fe dcceit l`nerdtem neiahes tfe c`re tfdt idj mry aut tfe iahplex djm  pur `cy `t ac `ts uji ajsi `au s i ajt dh`j dt` aj. ]fe jeiessdry crustrdt`aj ac mes`rausjess ar iajiup`siejie `s tfe if`ec cedture ac tfe idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a stdge.  stdge. C`rst tfe sunstdjie hust ne laidtem? tfdt `s, tf e ujiajsi`aus, ujdiojawlemgem mes`re, mehdjm, expeitdt`aj hust ne reiagj`zem djm dcc`rhem.

]fe `jst`jitudl urge tfdt sdys “@ wdjt" djm “4 dh ejt`tlem ta tf`s‘ hust ne cully diieptem ny tfe ega. ]fere idj ne ja praper idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a.   ds m`st`jgu`sfem crah hdsaif`st`i selc-cldgelld-

▢ w Sardg`ji. ]fe Galmej Legejm, p. Legejm, p. 56. ‑"Kujg.  Hys`er`uh Iaj``hit`aj`s. Iaj``hit`aj`s. I.W  4=.   4=. pdrs. >9=-9=6.  >9=-9=6.   54

 @n`m., pdr. 992.

5>

 Dgdhehjaj, `  Dgdhehjaj,  ` j ]fe Iahplete Greeo Mrdhd,  Mrdhd,  em. Adtes djm A‑Je`ll 4;479.   ‑‑Ferdil`tus sdys. “D mry saul `s tfe w`sest djm nest" (Creehdj.  Dh `l`d ta tfe Rre Yuird``t

 Rf`lasapfers, p.  Rf`lasapfers,  p. 9>).

 

t`aj, ujt`l tfe praper hdter`dl `s dt fdjm. @ tf`jo tf`s cdit `s wfdt ujmerl`es tfe

callaw`jg wdrj`jg ac dj dlifeh`st; “D gredt hdjy stumejts hdoe d h`stdoe dt tfe very autset, ny percarh`jg tf`s idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   aj d wrajg sunstdjie?...ar tfey ifaase d cdlse hetfam, djm iarrame `jstedm ac idli`j`jg tfe hetdll`i nam`es aj wf`if tfey aperdte. Idli`jdt`aj idj tdoe pldie ajly ny tfe hedjs ac tfe `jwdrm fedt ac tfe  nam y, dss` stem ny cr` ejm ly aut wdrm wdr htf ? nut idli `jd t` aj ny hed js ac d feteragejeaus dgejt idj ajly mestray tfe hetdll`i jdture, `j sa cdr ds `t fds djy

ecceit dt dll.‘ 5=   ]fe c`re ac tfe idli`jdt`a, idli`jdt`a,   ta tfe extejt tfdt `t idj ne nraugft dnaut ny tfe  psyi fat fer dp` st, `s dif` evem ldr gel y ny exp res s`j g dtt `tu mes djm red it` ajs tfd t crustrdte tfe pdt`ejt. ]f`s `s d mdjgeraus praiemure djm hust ne usem w`tf gredt idre. Ds tfe text wdrjs, tfe idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   hdy ne percarhem aj tfe wrajg sunstdjie ar  ny d cdl se het fam , w f`i f iar ram es `js tedm ac idl i`j `jg . D s ucc `i` ejt ly sal` m psyi f`i caujmdt`aj hust ne presejt ta ejmure tfe idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a.   djm dlsa dj dmequdte rdppart  net weej tfe pdt `ej t djm tfe rdp `st hus t ex` st ta ne dnl e ta idr ry cru str dt` aj w`t faut gejerdt`jg mestruit`ve jegdt`v`ty. ]fe text sdys, "idli`jdt`a "idli`jdt`a   idj tdoe pldie ajly ny

hedjs ac tfe `jwdrm fedt ac tfe namy‘” `j ` j atfer warms, ny `ts awj fedt, ny `ts awj tejmejiy ta  se\c-idl  se\c-idli`jdt`a. i`jdt`a.   ]f`s hedjs tfdt tfe tferdp`st hust tdoe f`s ledm crah tfe  pdt `ej t's hdt er` dl `ts elc djm pr ahat e cru str dt` aj ac d g`v ej mes `re ajl y t a tf e ext ejt tfdt tfe `jjer mevelaphejtdl tejmejiy dlsa iajtd`js tfe mej`dl ac tfe mes`re. ]fe

tferdp`st idj dss`st “ny cr`ejmly autwdrm wdrhtf.‘ Nut “idli`jdt`aj ny hedjs ac d feteragejeaus dgejt idj ajly mestray tfe hetdll`i jdture.‘ D feteragejeaus dgejt waulm recer ta dj drn`trdry dtt`tume tfdt `s jat gu`mem ny tfe pdt`ejt's awj hdter`dl djm iajm`t`aj djm fejie `s dl`ej djm mdhdg`jg ta f`s essejt`dl jdture. Ds d rule, l`ce redl`ty, `c cdiem, prav`mes plejty ac aiids`ajs car tfe idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   ac

crustrdtem mes`rausjess. ]fe pr`h`t`ve, ujm`ccerejt`dtem mes`re tfdt sdys “@ wdjt‘ aperdtes aj tfe `hpl`i`t dssuhpt`aj tfdt `t `s ejt`tlem ta fdve wfdt `t wdjts. Wfej

mej`em, `t neiahes ejrdgem. ]f`s `s tfe psyifalag`idl fahalague ac tfe “M`v`je Wrdtf‘ tfdt radstem Ifr`st. ^edl`ty actej gejerdtes c`re ny ifdllejg`jg ar mejy`jg tfe mehdjm`jg expeitdt`ajs ac suif mes`res. Mej`em kust`c`idt`aj, tfe crustrdtem mes`re neiahes tfe c`re ac idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a. ^`pley  ^`pley sdys; Idli`jdt`aj `s tfe purgdt`aj ac aur staje. ^estar`jg dlsa ac f`s jdturdl fedt? 55

Ac rdm`idl ha`sture `t ledvetf jaje.  

w

Wd`ti, trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh >;>53. Huseuh >;>53.

,5

77kc  L`ves ac tfe Dlifehyst``dl Rf`lasapfers, Rf`lasapfers, p.  p. >46.  >46.  

 

== 

DJD]AHP AC @ F^ RYPIFE

Idlmjdt`a   fds d purg`jg ar pur`cy`jg ecceit. ]fe sunstdjie `s purgem ac Idlmjdt`a rdm`idl ha`sture. ]f`s waulm iarrespajm ta tfe mr`pp`jgs ac ujiajsi`ausjess tfdt diiahpdjy eherg`jg ejerg`es. Ar, `j atfer warms, tfe ejerg`es ac tfe drifetypdl psyife c`rst dppedr `j `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf tfe ega djm express tfehselves ds mes`res car ega-pledsure djm ega-pawer. ]fe c`re ac idlmjdt`a idlmjdt`a    pur ges tfes tf esee `m ejt `c` idt `a js dj m mr` ves acc tfe tf e raat ra at , ar pr `h `harm arm `dl ha` st ur e, ledv`jg tfe iajtejt `j `ts eterjdl ar trdjspersajdl stdte, restarem ac `ts jdturdl fedt ” tfdt t fdt `s, ac `ts awj praper ejergy djm cujit`aj`jg (see c`gures >-49 djm >4=). C`jdlly, tfe idlmjdt`a idlmjdt`a   nr`jgs dnaut d iertd`j `hhuj`ty ta dcceit djm dj dn`l`ty ta see tfe drifetypdl dspeit ac ex`stejie. ]a tfe extejt tfdt aje `s

reldtem ta tfe trdjspersajdl iejter ac aje‑s ne`jg, dcceit `s exper` ejiem ds etfer`dl c`re (Faly Yp`r`t) rdtfer tfdj terrestr`dl c`re ” tfe t fe pd`j ac crustrdtem mes`rausjess. Kujg mesir`nes tfe trdjscarhdt`aj ac mes`rausjess tf`s wdy; @j tf`s trdjscarhdt`aj `t `s essejt`dl ta tdoe ankeits dwdy crah tfase dj`hus ar dj`hd mev`ls. ]fey ajly neiahe iajierjem w`tf ankeits wfej yau dllaw yaurselc ta ne selc`jmulgejt. Iajiup`siejt`d Iajiup`siejt`d `s  `s tfe terh car tfdt `j tfe ifurif QQ Aj tf`s sunkeit tfe gredt rel`g`ajs iahe tagetfer. ]fe c`re ac mes`rausjess `s tfe elehejt tfdt hust ne caugft dgd`jst `j Nrdfhdj`sh, `j Nummf`sh, `j ]djtr`sh, `j Hdj`ifedj`sh, `j Ifr`st`dj`ty. @t `s dlsa `hpartdjt `j psyifalagy. Wfej yau `jmulge `j mes`rausjess, wfetfer yaur mes`re

C@GU^ E > - 4 9 Expuls`aj ac tfe mehajs (Ejgrdv`jg, 47tf iejtury. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg, Yyrrtna '▢ ac ]rdjscarhdt`aj.)   ]rdjscarhdt`aj.)

.

 

 

C@GU^E C@G U^E > - 4 =

]fe O`jg `j tfe tfe Ywe Ywedt dt n nax ax (Hd (Hd`er, `er, Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td Cu Cug`ejs, g`ejs,   4346.)

turjs tawdrm fedvej ar fell, yau g`ve tfe dj`hus ar dj`hd dj ankeit? tfej `t iahes aut `jta tfe warlm `jstedm ac stdy`jg `js`me `j `ts pldieQQQQQQQQQQ Nut `c yau idj sdy; Pes, @ mes`re `t djm @ sfdll try ta get `t nut @ ma jat fdve ta fdve `t, `c @ mei`me ta rejaujie, @ idj rejaujie `t? tfej tfere `s ja ifdjie car tfe dj`hus ar dj`hd. Atferw`se yau dre gaverjem ny yaur mes`res, yau dre passessem QQQQQQQQQ Nut `c yau fdve put yaur dj`hus ar dj`hd `jta d nattle yau dre cree ac passess`aj, evej tfaugf yau hdy ne fdv`jg d ndm t`he `js`me, neiduse wfej yaur mev`l fds d ndm t`he yau fdve d ndm t`he QQQQQQQQ Ac iaurse fe w`ll ruhnle draujm `j yaur ejtrd`ls. Nut dcter d wf`le yau w`ll see tfdt `t wds r`gft (ta nattle f`h up). Pau w`ll slawly neiahe qu`et djm ifdjge. ]fej yau w`ll m`sierj tfdt tfere `s d staje graw`jg `j tfe nattle... `jsacdr ds selc-iajtral, ar jaj-`jmulgejie, fds neiahe d fdn`t, `t `s d staje...wfej tfdt dtt`tume neiahes d  cd`l diiahpl`,  diiahpl`,  tfe staje w`ll ne d m`dhajm. 53  

‑Hujg, ]fe S`s`ajs Yeh`jdrs 4;>90. Yeh`jdrs 4;>90.  

 

 

 

Z9 Y  Ya alu lutt` d-Y* 

fe aperdt`aj ac  salut`a  salut`a   `s

aje ac tfe hdkar praiemures `j dlifehy.

 Aje text sdys, "Yalut`a "Yalut`a   `s tfe raat ac dlifehy.‘ 4  Djatfer sdys,

]

“Ujt`l dll ne hdme wdter, percarh ja aperdt`aj.‘ >  @j hdjy pldies tfe wfale apus apus   `s suhhdr`zem ny tfe pfrdse “M`ssalve djm iadguldte.‘ Kust   ds idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a pertd`js  pertd`js ta tfe elehejt c`re, iadguldt`a iadguldt`a ta  ta tfe elehejt edrtf, djm  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`hdt`a ta  ta tfe elehejt d`r, sa  salut`a  salut`a pertd`js  pertd`js ta wdter. Nds`idlly, salut`a Nds`idlly,  salut`a turjs  turjs d sal`m `jta d l`qu`m. ]fe sal`m seehs ta m`sdppedr `jta tfe salvejt ds `c `t fdm neej swdllawem up. Car t fe dlifeh`st,  salut`a actej  salut`a  actej hedjt tfe returj ac m`ccerejt`dtem hdtter ta `ts ar`g`jdl ujm`ccerejt`dtem stdte ” tfdt t fdt `s, ta  pr`hd hdter`d. Wdter hdter`d. Wdter wds tfaugft ac ds tfe wahn djm  salut`a  salut`a ds  ds d returj ta tfe wahn car ren`rtf. @j aje text tfe alm o`jg sunh`ts ta tfe  salut`a  salut`a ac  ac mrawj`jg, sdy`jg, Else @ Gam's O`jgmah idjjat ejter `j; Djm tferecare, tfdt @ hdy ne Narje dgej,

@'ll Fuhnlem ne `jta hy Hatfer‑s Nredst , M`ssalve ta hy C`rst Hdtter, djm tfere rest. 9  

C`rst hdtter, ar  pr`hd hdter`d,  hdter`d,   `s dj `med tfdt tfe dlifeh`sts `jfer`tem crah tfe pre-Yairdt`i pf`lasapfers. @j ]fdles, djm dlsa `j hdjy iredt`aj hytfs, wdter `s tfe ar`g`jdl hdter`dl aut ac wf`if tfe warlm `s iredtem. ]fe dlifeh`sts tfaugft tfdt d sunstdjie iaulm jat ne trdjscarhem ujless `t were c`rst remuiem ta  pr`hd hdter`d.  hdter`d.  Aje text sdys, “Nam`es idjjat ne ifdjgem

exiept ny remuit`aj `jta tfe`r c`rst hdtter.‘ =   ]f`s praiemure iarrespajms ta wfdt tdoes pldie `j psyifatferdpy. ]fe c`xem, stdt`i dspeits ac tfe persajdl`ty dllaw car ja ifdjge. ]fey dre estdnl`sfem djm sure ac tfe`r r`gftjess. Car trdjscarhdt`aj ta praieem, tfese c`xem

'Najus ac Cerrdrd. ]fe Jew Redrt ac Gredt Rr`ie, p. Rr`ie,  p. 935. -^edm,  Rrelume ta Ifeh`stry, p. Ifeh`stry, p. >3>.  >3>.   'Kujg.  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujm`aj`s. Iaj`ujm`aj`s. IW  4=.   4=. pdr. 962.   'Oelly, ]fe Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ac Emwdrm Oelly,  p. 9=.  9=.  

 

dspeits hust c`rst ne m`ssalvem ar remuiem ta pr`hd ta pr`hd hdter`d. ]f`s hdter`d. ]f`s `s maje ny tfe djdlyt`i praiess, wf`if exdh`jes tfe pramuits ac tfe ujiajsi`aus djm  puts  pu ts tfe tf e est dn dnl` l` sf sfem em eg ega a d tt `tu me s `jt a qu est `aj. `a j. Aje dlifeh`idl rei`pe car  salut`a  salut`a `s  `s tfe callaw`jg; M`ssalve tfej sal djm lujd `j aur m`ssalv`jg wdter, wf`if `s cdh`l`dr djm cr`ejmly, djm tfe jext `j jdture ujta tfeh, djm ds `t were d wahn, d hatfer, dj ar`g`jdl, tfe neg`jj`jg djm tfe ejm ac tfe`r l`ce. Djm tfdt `s tfe very redsaj wfy tfey dre hel`ardtem ar dhejmem `j tf`s wdter, neiduse l`oe jdture reka`ietf `j l`oe jdture....]fus `t nefaaves yau ta ka`j iajsdjgu`j`ty, ar sdhejess ac o`jm.... Djm neiduse sal djm lujd fdve tfe`r ar`g`j crah tf`s wdter tfe`r hatfer? `t `s

jeiessdry tferecare tfdt tfey ejter `jta `t dgd`j, ta w`t. `jta tfe`r hatfer‑s wahn, tfdt tfey hdy ne regejerdte ar narj dgd`j, djm hdme hare fedltfy, hare 5 janle, djm hare strajg.  

]fe ifeh`idl cdit tfdt l`es nef`jm tf`s text `s tfe idpdi`ty ac heriury ta m`ssalve ar dhdlgdhdte w`tf galm djm s`lver, fere recerrem ta ds Yal djm Lujd. @j cdit, tf`s praiess `s tfe nds`s ac d very alm hetfam car extrdit`jg galm crah irume are. ]fe are `s pulver`zem djm tredtem w`tf heriury, wf`if m`ssalves tfe galm. ]fe heriury `s tfej sepdrdtem crah tfe galm ny m`st`ll`jg w`tf fedt. Fawever, aur text fds turjem tf`s ifeh`idl praiess `jta d syhnal`i `hdge ny super`hpas`jg d prakeitem psyifalag`idl  pr aie ss ajta aj ta tfe tf e if ifeh` eh` idl aje. aj e. Yal dj djm m Luj d w`l l st dj djm m car ca r tfe tf e hds iul `j e djm tfe ceh`j`je pr`ji`ples ds tfey iajiretely hdj`cest tfehselves `j tfe  pe rsa jd l`t y dt tfe tf e ne g` jj` jg ac tfe tf e pr ai ess . @j at fer war ms tfe tf e mah` ma h` jdj t iajsi`aus dtt`tume ac tfe ega `s represejtem ny Yal djm tfe dj`hd dt `ts iurrejt stdte ac mevelaphejt ny Lujd. 3   ]fese twa dre m`ssalvem `j

“cr`ejmly wdter‘” tfdt t fdt `s, heriury ” wf`if w f`if `s equdtem w`tf tfe hdterjdl wahn djm iarrespajms ta tfe  pr`hd hdter`d. hdter`d.   @jiest syhnal`sh `s

ehpfds`zem `j tfe pfrdse, “`t nefaaves yau ta ka`j iaj sdjgu`j`ty, ar sdhejess ac o`jm.‘   We fdve fere d p`iture ac d mesiejt `jta tfe ujiajsi`aus, wf`if `s tfe hdterjdl wahn crah wf`if tfe ega `s narj. @t `s tfe  pr`hd hdter`d pr`ar hdter`d pr`ar ta tfe m`ccerejt`dt`aj ac tfe elehejts ny iajsi`ausjess. ]f`s text mesir`nes tfe praiemure ds d very pledsdjt praiess. ]fere dre atfers wf`if express `t

huif

hare

jegdt`vely.

Car

`jstdjie,

iajs`mer

tf`s

 salut`a-

m`shehnerhejt rei`pe; “]fe namy ac tfdt wahdj _wfa sldys fer fus nd jms X `s cul l ac wed pajs pa js dj m pa`s pa `saj aj.. Let d grd ve ne mug mu g car tf dt mrd gaj, ga j, djm let tfdt wahdj ne nur`em w`tf f`h, fe ne`jg ifd`jem cdst ta tfdt wahdj? djm tfe hare fe w`jms djm ia`ls f`hselc draujm fer, tfe hare w`ll fe ne iut ta p`eies n y tfe cehdle wedpajs wf`if dre cdsf`ajem

5

  Yeiret Naao ac Drtepf`us,‘ `j ]fe L`ves ac tfe Dlifehvs``idl Rf`lasapfers, pp. Rf`lasapfers, pp. 4=5-=3.  4=5-=3.  

“]f`s dppl`es ta d hdj's psyifalagy. Car d wahdj, Lujd waulm represejt tfe ega dtt`tume djm Yal tfe dj`hus.

 

`j tfe namy ac tfe wahdj. Djm wfej fe sees tfdt fe `s h`jglem w`tf tfe l`hns ac tfe

wahdj, fe w`ll ne iertd`j ac medtf, djm w`ll ne ifdjgem wfally `jta nlaam.‘ 7  ]f`s gr`sly `hdge expresses faw d cd`rly well-mevelapem ega h`gft exper`ejie  salut`a  salut`a..  Dj `hhdture ega hdy c`jm `t pledsdjt ta surrejmer ta iajtd`jhejt `j d nl`sscul regress`aj? fawever, dt d ldter stdge ac mevelaphejt tfe praspeit ac  salut`a  salut`a w`ll  w`ll gejerdte gredt djx`ety neiduse tfe fdrm-waj stdte ac ega dutajahy `s ne`jg tfredtejem w`tf m`ssalut`aj. D nl`sscul  salut`a  salut`a   `s tfe hast mdjgeraus aje. @t iarrespajms ta Jeuhdjj‑s iajiept ac uranar`i `jiest; Uranar`i `jiest `s d carh ac ejtry `jta tfe hatfer, ac uj`aj w`tf fer, djm `t stdjms `j sfdrp iajtrdst ta atfer djm ldter carhs ac `jiest. @j uranar`i `jiest, tfe ehpfds`s upaj pledsure djm lave `s `j ja sejse dit`ve, `t `s hare d mes`re ta ne m`ssalvem djm dnsarnem? pdss`vely aje lets ajeselc ne tdoej, s`jos `jta tfe plerahd, helts dwdy `j tfe aiedj ac pledsure ” d  L`enestam.  L`enestam.   ]fe Gredt Hatfer tdoes tfe l`ttle if`lm ndio `jta ferselc, djm dlwdys aver uranar`i `jiest tfere stdjm tfe `js`gj`d ac medtf, s`gj`cy`jg c`jdl m`ssalut`aj `j uj`aj w`tf tfe Hatfer QQQQQ Hdjy carhs ac jastdgl`d djm lajg`jg s`gj`cy ja hare tfdj d returj ta uranar`i `jiest djm selc-m`ssalut`aj, crah tfe uj`a hyst`id  hyst`id  ac tfe sd`jt ta tfe mrujodrm‑s irdv`jg car ujiajsi`ausjess, djm tfe medtf-rahdjt`i`sh ac tfe Gerhdj`i rdies. ]fe `jiest we terh “uranar`i‘ `s selc -surrejmer - surrejmer djm regress`aj. @t `s tfe carh ac `jiest tdoej ny tfe `jcdjt`le ega, wf`if `s st`ll ilase ta tfe hatfer djm fds jat yet iahe ta `tselc? nut tfe s`io ega ac tfe jeurat`i idj dlsa tdoe tf`s carh djm sa idj d ldter, exfdustem ega tfdt ireeps ndio ta tfe hatfer dcter fdv`jg caujm culc`llhejt. 6   Dj exdhple ac tfe lajg`jg car nl`sscul  salut`a  salut`a   `s Y`egcr`em‑s yedrj`jg car uj`aj w`tf

Nrujjf`lme `j Wdgjer‑s ]fe ^`jg ac tfe J`nelujg  (ic.   (ic. c`gure 9-4); Necare he d wajmraus r`ver claws w`tf dll hy sejses @ ajly see `ts kayaus, n`llaw`jg wdters... st`ll waulm @  plu jge `j tfe iaa l`j g wd ter , h yse lc, ds @ dh, ejm`jg hy pd`js; A tfdt `ts n`llaws H`gft mrawj he `j nl`ss djm quejif hy c`re w`tf `ts wdves! 0  

‑Kujg.  Hyste  Hyster`uh r`uh I Iaj`uji aj`ujit`aj`s. t`aj`s. IW  4=,  4=, pdr. 45.  45.   "Jeuhdjj. ]fe Ar`g`js djm F`stary ac Iajsi`ausjess, p. Iajsi`ausjess,  p. 47.  47.    J`nelujg,   p. ‑‑Wdgjer. ]fe ^`jg ac tfe J`nelujg, p. >5= .

 

C@GU^E 9 - 4 Y`egcr`em djm tfe ^f`je Hd`mejs (^diofdh, Ialar @llustrdt`ajs Kar Wdgjer's  Wdgjer's  "^`jg.")

Djatfer exdhple `s tfe c`jdl medtf- sajg ac @salme `j dit 9, sieje = ac Wdgjer‑s gredt salut`a gredt  salut`a mrdhd,  mrdhd, ]r`stdj djm @salme;  @salme;  ^esaujm`jg yet hare iledrly, wdct`jg dnaut he, dre tfey wdves ac recresf`jg nreezes1 Dre tfey ilaums ac fedvejly crdgrdjie1 Ds tfey swell djm radr draujm he, sfdll 4 nredtfe tfeh, sfdll 4 l`stej ta tfeh1 Yfdll 4 s`p tfeh, plujge nejedtf tfeh, ta exp`re `j sweet percuhe1 @j tfe surg`jg swell, `j tfe r`jg`jg saujm.

 

`j tfe vdst wdve ac tfe warlm‑s nredtf - ta mrawj, ta s`jo ujiajsi`aus ” suprehe s uprehe nl`ss! Aur dlifeh`idl text `s d h`xture ac `hdges, ds actej fdppejs `j dlifehy. @t `s d iahn`jdt`aj ac salut`a ac  salut`a djm  djm iaj`ujit`a. iaj`ujit`a. Yal  Yal djm Lujd dre ne`jg m`ssalvem djm uj`tem dt tfe sdhe t`he. ]f`s iarrespajms ta d iahhaj type ac dlifeh`idl p`iture `j wf`if tfe o`jg djm queej dre ndtf`jg tagetfer `j tfe heriur`dl caujtd`j. Dj autstdjm`jg sequejie ac p`itures ac tf`s type `s caujm `j tfe  ^asd  ^asdr`uh r`uh Rf Rf`lasapf `lasapfaruh aruh42  (ic. c`gure 9->). Ds aur text `jm`idtes, tfe  salut`a  salut`a   fds d twacalm ecceit; `t iduses aje carh ta m`sdppedr djm d jew regejerdtem carh ta eherge. ]fe m`ssalut`aj ac tfe alm aje `s actej mesir`nem `j jegdt`ve `hdgery djm `s dssai`dtem w`tf tfe j`grema. j`grema. Car  Car `jstdjie,

Rf`ldletfes sdys; “]fe nldio jess j ess neiahes hare prajaujiem mdy ny mdy ujt`l tfe sunstdjie dssuhes

C@GU^E 9 - > ]fe O`jg djm Tueej `j tfe Ndtf (Hyl` us,  Rf`las  Rf`lasapf`d apf`d recùrhdld. recùrhdld. 43>>.  43>>. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg,  Rsyi  Rsyifalagy falagy djm Dlifehy. Dlifehy.)) 

"'^ipramuiim `j Kujg. “]fe Rsyifalagy ac tfe ]rdjscerejie.‑‑ `j ]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy (,'W   43.

 

d nr`ll`djt nldio ialar. ]f`s nldio `s d s`gj tfdt tfe m`ssalut`aj `s diiahpl`sfem.'* 44   Yalut`a tfus Yalut`a  tfus hdy neiahe d hart`c`idt`a. hart`c`idt`a. ]f`s  ]f`s `s ujmerstdjmdnle neiduse tfdt wf`if `s ne`jg m`ssalvem w`ll exper`ejie tfe  salut`a  salut`a   ds dj djj`f`ldt`aj ac `tselc. @t `s fere

tfdt tfe sdy`jg ac Ferdil`tus dppl`es; “]a sauls `t `s medtf ta neiahe wdter.‘

4>

 

Fawever,  salut`a  salut`a   ledms aj ta tfe ehergejie ac d rekuvejdtem jew carh, djm wfej tf`s dspeit `s ehpfds`zem tfe taje `s pas`t`ve. Car `jstdjie, ]fe Galmej ]redt`se ac  Ferhess sdys; “A, nlessem wdtery pajt`i carh, tfdt m`ssalvest tfe elehejts!... Car  Ferhe wfej, ny tfe pawer ac tfe wdter, tfe iahpas`t`aj `s m`ssalvem, `t `s tfe mdy ac tfe 49

restardt`aj? tfej mdrojess djm Medtf cly dwdy crah tfeh, d jm W`smah praieems.‘   Actej  salut`a  salut`a   `s percarhem aj tfe o`jg. ]fere `s, car `jstdjie, tfe `hdge ac tfe

mrawj`jg o`jg, s`jie “mrawj`jg‘ `s d syjajyh car  salut`a (see c`gure 9-9). Aje text fds tfe mrawj`jg o`jg (ar o`jg‑s saj) sdy, “Wfasaever w`ll cree he c rah tfe wdters djm ledm he ta mry ldjm, f`h w`ll @ prasper w`tf everldst`jg r`ifes.‘ 4=   Rsyifalag`idlly, tfe hedj`jg `s tfdt tfe alm rul`jg pr`ji`ple, wf`if fds ujmergaje  salut`a,   `s idll`jg aut ta ne iadguldtem dgd`j `j d jew, regejerdtem carh, sdy`jg tfdt  salut`a, `t fds qudjt`t`es ac l`n`ma (r`ifes) dt `ts m`spasdl. Djatfer text spedos ac d mrapsy, dj `jjer mrawj`jg. ]fe o`jg dsoem car d mr`jo

ac wdter sdy`jg; ‚“@ mehdjm tfe wdter wf`if `s ilasest ta hy fedrt, djm wf`if l`oes he dnave dll tf`jgs.‑ Wfej tfe servdjt   nra ugft `t, tfe o`jg o`j g mrd jo sa hui f tfd t ‚dl l f`s l`hns were c`llem djm dll f`s ve`js `jcldtem, djm fe f`hselc neidhe

m`sialaurem‑...‚@ dh fedvy djm hy fedm furts he, djm `t seehs ta he ds tfaugf dll hy l`hns were cdll`jg dpdrt.‑ Fe mehdjmem ta ne pldiem ` j d fedtem ifdhner wfere fe iaulm swedt tfe wdter aut. Nut wfej, dcter d wf`le, tfey apejem tfe ifdhner fe

ldy tfere ds `c medm.‘ 45   Kujg iahhejts aj tf`s text; “]fe o`jg persaj`c`es d fypertrapfy ac tfe ega wf`if idlls car iahpejsdt`aj QQQQQQQ QQQQQQ F`s tf`rst `s mue ta f`s naujmless iajiup`siejie djm egat`sh. Nut wfej fe mr`jos fe `s averwfelhem ny tfe wdter  ” 

tfdt `s, ny tfe ujiajsi`aus.‘ 43  

"Wd`te, trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh. >;>56. Huseuh. >;>56. l>

Creehdj,  Djmlld ta tfe Rre-Yairdt`i Rre-Yairdt`i Rf`lasapfers, p. Rf`lasapfers, p. >7.  >7.  

'•‑Dtwaam,  Ferhet`i Rf`lasapfy djm Dlifehy, Dlifehy, p.  p. 4>>.  4>>.   l=

Kujg,  Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy, Dlifehy, IW  4>,   4>, pdr. =9=.  =9=.  

,5

Kujg,  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s,   4=, pdr. 957. 957.   Iaj`ujit`aj`s, IW  4=,

@3

ln`m., pdr. 935.

 

 YA  LU] ta

59

Yulut`a ac Yulut`a  ac tfe O`jg. Ndiograujm; Mrawj`jg O`jg Idll`jg car Felp. Caregraujm; ]fe O`jg ^enarj. (]r`shas`j, Yplejmar Yal`s, 456>.) Yal`s, 456>.)

Ds Kujg suggests, tfe o`jg recers ta tfe ega ” dt d t ledst tfe mah`jdjt ar rul`jg  pr` ji` ple diia rm` jg ta wf`i f t fe ega `s str uit ure m. ]fe o`j g ` s m `ss alv `j g `j f`s awj surce`t? tfdt `s, `jcldt`aj `s tfe iduse djm dgejt ac  salu``a  salu``a.. D swallej ega `s m`ssalvem  ny `ts awj exi ess. @ts m`s sal ut` aj led ms tfe wdy ta d pass `nl e rek uvej dt` aj aj d saujmer nds`s. @j djatfer text tfe o`jg `s mesir`nem ds mrawj`jg `j tfe caujtd`js ac Sejus. @j tf`s paeh Sejus `s `mejt`c`em w`tf tfe caujtd`j, tfe hatfer djm nr`me ac tfe o`jg, `j

wf`if fer “c`xem‘ cdtfer `s mrawjem;   D staje tfere `s, djm yet ja staje. @j `t matf jdture waro dlaje.

 

Crah ¡4  tfere willetf cartf d caujt _SejusX @j wf`if fer Y`re, tfe C`xem, `s mrawj‑m;   F`s namy djm l`ce dnsarnem tfere`j Ujt`l tfe saul's restarem dgij. 47   @j tf`s idse tfe dgejt ac m`ssalut`aj `s tfe Eras pr`ji`ple, Sejus ar Dpfram`te. Fer hytfalagy fds `hpartdjt reldt`ajs ta wdter ny v`rtue ac tfe cdit tfdt sfe wds narj aut ac tfe sed (see c`gure 9-=). Fer mdjgeraus pawers ac  salu``a  salu``a   dre represejtem ny semuit`ve herhd`ms ar wdter jyhpfs wfa lure hej ta medtf ny mrawj`jg. Dj `hpress`ve exdhple ac tf`s tfehe aiiurrem `j tfe mredh ac d yaujg hdj wfa wds tf`jo`jg ac ledv`jg f`s w`ce djm yaujg if`lmrej ta hdrry d semuit`ve wahdj. Fe mredhem;  @ dh `j dj ujmerp ujmerpdss dss wfer wferee peaple pdss ta djm cra crah tfe nedi nedif. f. Fere dre  salm tfe usudl reiredt`aj gaam`es; ejarh ejarhaus aus lallypap lallypaps, s, papiarj, papiarj, pretzels pretzels d  caat ar hare `j lejgtf, djm irdio- erkdio erkdios. s. ]wa ac hy if`lmrej dre w`tf he (tfe twa yaujgest). D nedut`cul wahdj neioajs he ta tfe sed djm @ ledve tfe if`lmrej `j

C@GU^E 9 - = 

]fe N`rtf ac Dpfram`te (i. = 32 N.I. ^ahe. ]erhe Huseuh. ^epr`jtem ter,  D Fdjmnaao Fdjmnaao ac Gr Greeo eeo Drt.) Drt.)  

@

ln`m., pdr. =45.

. . - ^ `if-

 

d fdwoer's stdjm hujif`jg pretzels. ]fe mredh ejms ds @ stdjm h`mwdy netweej tfe sed djm tfe stdjm. D ildss`idl exdhple ac d cdtdl  salut`a  salut`a   aiiurs `j tfe stary ac Fylds. Mur`jg tfe expem`t`aj ac tfe Drgajduts, Fylds, tfe nedut`cul cdvar`te ac Ferdiles, wds sejt ta cetif wdter. Fe wds pullem `jta d paal ny wdter jyhpfs djm wds jever seej dgd`j. Fere tfe  salut`a  salut`a   `hdge diiahpdj`es d fahaerat`i ejtdjglehejt, tfe dttdifhejt netweej Ferdiles djm Fylds (see c`gure 9-5). ]fe Alm ]estdhejt prav`mes exdhples ac tfe erat`i  salut`a  salut`a   tfdt iahn`je tfe tfehes ac wahdj, ndtf, djm tfe m`ssalut`aj ac tfe hdsiul`je. Mdv`m sp`em Ndtfsfend ndtf`jg (> Ydh. 44;>), djm tfus negdj tfe m`ssalut`aj ac tfdt hdj ac `jtegr`ty (see c`gure 9-3). @j tfe dpairypfdl text ac Mdj`el djm Yusdjjd, tfe twa elmers lustcully dppradif Yusdjjd `j fer ndtf djm heet tfe`r mawjcdll dcter g`v`jg perkurem test`hajy (see c`gure 9-7). ]fese `hdges tell us tfdt lave djm/ar lust dre dgejts ac  salut`a  salut`a..  ]f`s iarrespajms ta tfe cdit tfdt d pdrt`iuldr psyif`i pranleh ar stdge ac mevelaphejt actej rehd`js drrestem ar stuio ujt`l tfe pdt`ejt cdlls `j lave. ]fej dnruptly tfe pranleh `s m`ssalvem. Dltfaugf jew iahpl`idt`ajs dppedr, l`ce fds neguj ta claw dgd`j. @t fds neej l`qu`c`em. Aje dlifeh`st mec`jem salut`a mec`jem  salut`a  tf`s wdy; “Yalut`aj `s tfe dit`aj ac djy  

C@GU^E 9 5 Fylds djm tfe Jyhpfs (Kafj W`ll`dh Wdterfause. Hdjifester, Ejgldjm. I`ty Drt Gdllery. ^epr`jtem `j Grdjt djm Fdzel, Gams dh` Hartdls `j Ildss`idl    Hytfalagy.)

 

C@GU^E 9-3 Ndtfsfend (^ehnrdjmt. Rdr`s, tfe Lauvre. ^epr`jtem `j  ^ehnrdjmt,  ^ehnrdjmt, text  text ny Lumw`g Hujz.)

 nam y, wf`i f, ny ier td` j ldws ac `jj dte syhp dtf y, dss` h`l dtes djyt f`j g ac d lawer ildss ta `ts awj essejie.‘ 46   Ujmerstaam psyifalag`idlly, tf`s mec`j`t`aj stdtes tfdt tfe m`ssalv`jg dgejt w`ll ne d super`ar, hare iahprefejs`ve v`ewpa`jt ” aje a je tfdt idj dit ds d iajtd`j`jg vessel car tfe

shdller tf`jg. Kujg's iajiept ac “tfe iajtd`jem djm tfe iajtd`jer‘ dppl`es fere. @j reldt`jg ta d hare iahplex persajdl`ty, fe sdys; “tfe s`hpler  per saj dl` ty `s sur rau jme m, `c jat ditu dll y s wdhp em, ny `t? fe `s s wdl lawe m u p `j f`s hare iahplex pdrtjer djm idjjat see f`s wdy aut. @t `s dj dlhast reguldr aiiurrejie car d wahdj ta ne wfally iajtd`jem, sp`r`tudlly, `j fer fusndjm, djm car d fusndjm ta ne wfally iajtd`jem, ehat`ajdlly, `j f`s w`ce.

Aje iaulm mesir`ne tf`s ds tfe pranleh ac tfe ‚iajtd`jem‑ djm tfe ‚iajtd`jer.‑ ‘ 40   Wfdtever `s ldrger djm hare iahprefejs`ve tfdj tfe ega tfredtejs ta m`ssalve `t. @jterjdlly, tfe ujiajsi`aus ds tfe ldtejt Yelc ar tatdl`ty ac tfe  psyi fe idj m`s sal ve tfe ega . Ex ter jdl ly, dj `jm `v` mud l w` tf d l drg er

'"Oelly, ]fe Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs, p. 67.  

'‑Kujg, ]fe Mevelaphejt ac Rersajdl`ty, I@S  47,   47, pdr. 994.  

 

 

C@GU^E 9 - 7 Yusdjjd djm tfe Elmers (]`jtaretta. S`ejjd, Gehílmegdler`e. ^epr`jtem `j  @tdl`dj  Rd`jt`jg; ]fe ^ejd`ssdjie.)  ^ejd`ssdjie.) 

iajsi`ausjess tfdj aje's awj idj nr`jg dnaut  salut`a.  salut`a. Car  Car `jstdjie, d hdj wfa fdm reiejtly iahe `j iajtdit w`tf Kujg's `meds djm fdm cdllej ujmer tfe`r swdy fdm tf`s mredh;  Fe mredhem mredhem tfdt fe cel celtt `jta tfe Ldoe a acc [ur`if. [ur`if. D  D graup, d sifaal, ar d pdrty hdy dlsa ne tfe m`ssalv`jg dgejt. D graup ialleit`ve idj eds`ly dttrdit tfe prakeit`aj ac tfe Yelc djm swdllaw up tfe `jm`v`mudl wfa suiiuhns ta `t. @mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf pal`t`idl pdrt`es ar rel`g`aus ireems waulm ne exdhples ac salut`a ac  salut`a w`tf`j  w`tf`j d graup. @j tfe praiess ac psyifatferdpy `t usudlly fdppejs tfdt tfe ega ac tfe  pdt `ej t eji auj ter s `j tfe tfe rdp `st d har e iahp ref ejs` ve std jmp a`j t, wf` if fds d m`ssalv`jg ecceit. ]f`s fdppej`jg actej ledms ta d pdrt`dl stdte ac iajtd`jhejt ac tfe pdt`ejt ny tfe tferdp`st djm `s d iahhaj iduse ac tfe trdjscerejie. Wfejever d aje-s`mem dtt`tume ejiaujters d ldrger dtt`tume tfdt `jilumes tfe appas`tes, tfe carher, `c `t `s apej ta `jcluejie, `s m`ssalvem ny tfe ldtter djm gaes `jta d stdte ac  salut`a.  salut`a.   ]f`s expld`js wfy d hare iahprefejs`ve stdjmpa`jt `s actej exper`ejiem ds d tfredt. @t ceels ds tfaugf aje were mrawj`jg, djm fejie `t w`ll ne res`stem. Yuif res`stdjie `s vdl`m djm jeiessdry djm sfaulm ne respeitem. ]fe psyifatferdp`st hust dlwdys ne dwdre ac tfe pass`n`l`ty tfdt tfe

 

pdt`ejt hdy jeem ta ne sf`elmem crah tfe carher‑s hare iahprefejs`ve dtt`tume.>2 Nds`idlly `t `s tfe Yelc, e`tfer exper`ejiem crah w`tf`j ar ds d  pra ke it` aj aj dj `jm `v` mud l a r d g rau p c rah w`t fau t, tfd t ` s t fe dgej iy ac  salu``a.  salu``a.   Ds Kujg sdys; “]fe ega `s iajtd`jem `j tfe selc ds `t `s iajtd`jem `j tfe uj`verse ac wf`if we ojaw ajly tfe t`j`est seit`aj. _D  per saj idj ser ve tfd t sdh e iajt d`j `jg cuj it` aj nei duse X d hdj ac gredter `js`gft djm `jtell`gejie tfdj h`je idj ojaw hyselc, nut @ iaulm jat ojaw f`h ds lajg ds hy iajsi`ausjess `s `jcer`ar ta f`s.‘ >4   Ndtf, sfawer, spr`jol`jg, sw`hh`jg, `hhers`aj `j wdter, djm sa cartf, dre dll syhnal`i equ`vdlejts car  salut`a  salut`a   tfdt dppedr iahhajly `j mredhs. Dll ac tfese `hdges reldte ta tfe syhnal`sh ac ndpt`sh, wf`if s`gj`c`es d iledjs`jg, rekuvejdt`jg `hhers`aj `j dj ejergy djm v`ewpa`jt trdjsiejm`jg tfe ega, d ver`tdnle medtf djm ren`rtf. Ndpt`sh wds ajie maje ny tatdl `hhers`aj djm wds hedjt ta s`gj`cy mrawj`jg ” dj d j eifa ac tfe dji`ejt pr`h`t`ve praiemure ac armedl ny wdter. @t s`gj`c`em d tatdl iajvers`aj, tfe medtf ac tfe alm l`ce djm ren`rtf ac d jew persaj `jta tfe iahhuj`ty ac rel`g`aus nel`evers. ]fe r`tudl wds iajs`merem qu`te l`terdlly ta nr`jg dnaut tfe iredt`aj ac d jew persajdl`ty. El`dme mesir`nes tfe syhnal`sh ac ndpt`sh `j tfese warms; “@hhers`aj `j wdter syhnal`zes d returj ta tfe precarhdl, d tatdl

regejerdt`aj, d jew n`rtf, car `hhers`aj hedjs d m`ssalut`aj ac carhs, d re`jtegrdt`aj `jta tfe carhlessjess ac pre-ex`stejie? djm eherg`jg crah tfe wdter `s d repet`t`aj ac tfe dit ac iredt`aj `j wf`if carh wds c`rst expressem.'* >>   @j Ifr`st`dj ndpt`sh tfe `jm`v`mudl `s uj`tem w`tf Ifr`st? tfdt `s, tfe ega `s l`joem ta tfe Yelc. ]fe Dpastle Rdul sdys; “Ma yau jat ojaw tfdt dll ac us wfa fdve neej  ndpt `ze m `jt a Ifr`st Kesus were ndpt`zem `jta f`s medtf1 We were nur`em tferecare w`tf f`h ny ndpt`sh `jta medtf, sa tfdt ds Ifr`st wds rd`sem crah tfe medm ny tfe glary ac tfe Cdtfer, we taa h`gft wdlo `j jewjess ac l`ce‘ (^ah. 3;9 -=, ^YS).  Djatfer cedture ac ndpt`sh `s tfdt `t m`ssalves dll sepdrdtejess djm `jm`v`mudl m`st`jit`ajs. Diiarm`jg ta Rdul; “Car ds hdjy ac yau ds were  ndp t`z em `jta Ifr`st fdve put aj Ifr`st. ]fere `s je`tfer Kew jar Greeo, tfere `s je`tfer sldve jar cree, tfere `s je`tfer hdle ar cehdle? car yau dre dll aje `j Ifr`st Kesus‘ (Gdl. 9;>7->6, ^YS). Crah tfe `jjer stdjmpa`jt tf`s dhaujts ta dj `jtegrdt`aj ar uj`c`idt`aj ac sepdrdtem crdghejts. Fawever, crah tfe exterjdl stdjmpa`jt ”   ds w`tf dj auter

d,

Dj exdhple ac tfe iccii`s ac ejiaujter`jg d ldrger persajdl`ty `s caujm `j tfe Hasleh legejm ac Hases djm Of`mr. Yee Kujg, ]fe Drifetypes djm tfe Ialleit`ve Ujiajsi`aus, IW   04. pdrs. >==cc.

¡'Kujg,  Letters  Letters   >;40=. >>

Iahpdrdt`ve ^el`g`aj, ^el`g`aj,  p. p. 66.   El`dme,  Rdtterjs @j Iahpdrdt`ve

 

`jm`v`mudl wfa fds f`t uj`que cedtures m`ssalvem ny dj `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf tfe jew v`ewpa`jt. @t `s dlsa dj exdhple ac d lesser stdjmpa`jt ne`jg m`ssalvem gredter, hare stdjmpa`jt ` jm`idtem tfe pfrdseny “`j  “`jtfe   Ifr`st Kesus.‘ ]a iahprefejs`ve ne “`j‘ djytf`jg, suif ds ”  `j`jm`idtem lave, ar ny `j  pd` j, hedj s aje `s sur rau jme m, iaj td` jem , djm m`s sal vem ny tf e iajtd`j`jg hdtr`x. ]fus tfe rel`g`aus cd`tfcul were mesir`nem ds c`sf sw`hh`jg `j tfe pajm iajtd`j`jg tfe wdter ac maitr`je. ]fe dhn`guaus `jterpldy ac tfe appas`tes `s revedlem ny tfe cdit tfdt  salut`a   `s exper`ejiem jat ds iajtd`jhejt, nut rdtfer ds crdghejtdt`aj actej  salut`a djm m`shehnerhejt. D ildss`i exdhple `s tfe hytf ac Ditdeaj (see c`gure 9-6). ]fe yaujg fujter Ditdeaj ujexpeitemly idhe upaj Drteh`s jdoem `j fer ndtf. @j retdl`dt`aj, Drteh`s turjem Ditdeaj `jta d stdg, djm fe wds tfej m`shehnerem ny f`s awj faujms. ]fe mag `s d tfer`aharpf`i dspeit ac Drteh`s, tferecare Drteh`s ferselc idj ne iajs`merem ds tfe m`shehner`jg dgejiy. ]f`s hytf mep`its tfe mdjgeraus dspeit ac ejiaujter w`tf tfe drifetypdl ceh`j`je ny dj `hhdture ega. @t `s tfrawj  salut`a    ny tfe dit `vd t` aj ac `js t`j itu dl cdi tar s (tf e `jta d regress`ve  salut`a faujms). Aje wdy ac putt`jg `t waulm ne tfdt Ditdeaj `s m`ssalvem

 

C@GU^E 9-6 M`djd djm Ditdeaj (]`t`dj. Em`jnurgf, Jdt`ajdl Gdllery ac Yiatldjm. ^epr`jtem `j ]`t`dj; ]fe Ialaur L`nrdry ac  Drt.) 

 

 ny f`s lus t. Fe `s n`t tej djm iajs uhem ny f` s d j`h dl jdt ur e. D s `h` ldr `me d `s expressem `j Rlutdrif's diiaujt ac @s`s djm As`r`s. Diiarm`jg ta tf`s stary, tfe if`lm Hdjeras w`tjessem @s`s' terr`nle lave djm gr`ec upaj see`jg tfe medm As`r`s. ]f`s dwesahe s`gft wds sa `jtalerdnle ta Hdjeras tfdt fe cell aut ac tfe nadt djm mrawjem. >K   Hast hej, `c tfey dre fajest, w`ll diojawlemge fdv`jg fdm tfe exper`ejie ac Hdjeras wfej iajcrajtem w`tf d wahdj‑s `jtejse gr`ec, mes`re, ar djger.   Drteh`s `s tfe haaj. Fer m`shehnerhejt ac Ditdeaj tfus iarrespajms ta tfe dlifeh`idl stdtehejt tfdt “tfe  salut`a  salut`a   tdoes pldie `j tfe haaj‘ >=  (see c`gure 9-0). D yaujg hdj wfa fdm gaje ds cdr `j djdlys`s ds fe wds redmy ta ajie mredhem tfe s`hple stdtehejt,  Rsyi  Rsyifadjdly fadjdlys`s s`s `s ac tfe haaj.  haaj.  Fe dwaoe crah tf`s mredh `j pdj`i djm m`siajt`juem djdlys`s jat lajg tferedcter. Djdlys`s idj `jmeem ne d m`ssalv`jg `hhers`aj `jta tfe mdro, `rrdt`ajdl lujdr s`me, djm tfe mredher‑s djx`ety `s qu`te ujmerstdjmdnle.   ]fe tfehe ac m`shehnerhejt ledms m`reitly `jta tfe hytf ac M`ajysus. Ds dj `jcdjt, M`ajysus wds m`shehnerem ny tfe ]`tdjs. Dlsa, tfe Hdejdms wfa warsf`ppem f`h were m`shehnerers wfa tare dpdrt wfdtever irassem tfe`r crejz`em pdtf. Yuif wds tfe cdte ac Rejtfeus `j ]fe Ndiifde  Ndiifde  ac Eur`p`mes. Hdjy dspeits ac tfe M`ajys`dj pr`ji`ple nelajg ta  salut`a  salut`a   syhnal`sh. Wdlter Atta tel ls us; “Wdter `s... tfe elehejt   `j wf`if M`ajysus ` s dt fahe QQQ ]fe iults djm hytfs dre ds expl`i`t ds tfey idj ne dnaut tfe cdit tfdt M`ajysus iahes aut ac tfe wdter djm returjs ta `t, djm tfdt fe fds f`s pldie ac recuge djm fahe `j tfe wdtery meptfs.‘ >5   M`ajysus `s evej mesir`nem ds tfe ha`sture pr`ji`ple `tselc djm tferecare tfe saurie ac dll cert`l`ty. Rsyifalag`idlly fe `s tfe pr`ji`ple ac l`ce, spajtdje`ty, djm ejergy ds iajtrdstem w`tf carh, hedsure, djm restrd`jt. Aje dspeit ac tfe M`ajys`dj  salut`a  salut`a   `s tfe arg`dst`i `jst`jit ndtf. Yahet`hes tfe yedrj`jg ac tfe lajely, dl`ejdtem ega car iajtd`jhejt `j d ldrger wfale expresses `tselc ds lust car arg`dst`i, ialleit`ve sexudl`ty (see c`gure 9-42). @c ditem aut iajiretely, suif exper`ejies dggrdvdte tfe stdte ac psyif`i crdghejtdt`aj. Yyhnal`idlly, fawever, tfe `hdge ac d ialleit`ve argy suggests tfe pass`n`l`ty ac reestdnl`sf`jg aje‑s last iaj jeit`aj w`tf iahhaj fuhdj`ty. Graup exper`ejies ac ialleit`ve `mejt`c`idt`aj hdy dit`vdte tf`s `hdge ac dj argy. Car `jstdjie, d graup praiess tfdt @ fdm dj appartuj`ty ta anserve gejerdtem `j sahe pdrt`i`pdjts mec`j`te  salut`a  salut`a   mredhs. D neg`jjer `j tfe graup fdm tf`s mredh

¿Rlutdrif, Hardt`d.  val. 5. >=

Najus ac Cerrdrd, ]fe Jew Redrl ac Gredt Rr`ie,  p. =>3.  

>5

p. 43>.   Atta, M`ajysus Hytf djm Iull,   p.

 

 D  Dja jajy jyh` h`..

C@GU^E 9 - 0 Ndpt`sh w`tf Lujdr Wdter Wf`le Ne`jg N`ttej n y Mrdgajs (Dsfhale, em., ]fed`ruh Ifeh`iuh Nr``djj`iuh. 435>.) Nr``djj`iuh. 435>.)

dcter ne`jg sfaioem ny tfe psyifalag`idl `jt`hdi`es sfdrem ny graup hehners. / dh laao`jg car tfe graup. / graup.  / apej d maar ta tfe raah djm aj tfe claar   //  see dll tfe graup hehners hdo`jg lave w`tf edif atfer. Aje iauple cdlls aut ac tfe maar `j crajt ac he. Djatfer graup hehner fdm tf`s mredh; / dh `j d ildssraah l`oe d ifeh`stry ildssraah. W`tf sedts `j f`gf t`ers ledm`jg mawj ta d stdge-l`oe pldtcarh. @t `s aur graup.

 

 

C@GU^E 9 42 Ndiifdjdl ac tfe Djmr`djs (]`t`dj. Hdmr`m. Rrdma. ^epr`jtem `j ]`t`dj; ]fe Ialaur L`nrdry ac Drt.)  Drt.) 

djm tfe exf`n`t `s ac d nedif w`tf ejarhaus, irdsf`jg wdves, wf`if neiahe dnruptly redl. @ idj see tfdt ujmer tfe wdves, dlajg tfe sdjm, tfere `s d strajg  sturmy c`sf`jg jet wf`if wf`if fds neej neej c`rhly djifar djifarem em `jta ttfe fe sdjm `j sever severdl dl pldies, pldies, anv`ausly ta idtif djm falm d gaam fdul `j evej raugf wedtfer, nut tfe wdves neiahe sa redl djm turnulejt tfdt tfey spldsf aut ac tfe exf`n`t stdge djm ajta tfe dum`ejie. Yeverdl ac us sirdhnle mawj crah tfe sedts ta dva`m gett`jg wet. @ jat`ie tfdt  /  / fdve lect hy purse nef`jm `j hy furry, djm @ tf`jo @ w`ll fdve ta ga ndio djm get `t.

Wdter ds tfe M`ajys`dj cert`l`ty pr`ji`ple `s mesir`nem nedut`cully Gaetfe‑s fyhj ta wdter

Fd`l djew! Ypr`jg‑s nurgeaj`jg Ledps up w`tf`j hy fedrt, d spr`j g W`tf trutf djm neduty perhedtem ”   Crah tfe wdve wds dll iredtem. Wdter w`ll dll l`ce sustd`j; Aiedj, grdjt yaur ejmless re`gj!

 

Nut car ilaums ac yaur r`if lejm`jg. Djm tfe nraaolets ac yaur sejm`jg.

^`vers‑ iaurses w`me extejm`jg.   Ytredhs tfdt redif hdkest`i ejm`jg, Wfdt were aur warlm, aur haujtd`js, djm aur pld`js1 Paur pawer tfe cresfjess ac aur l`ce hd`jtd`js. > ]`s yau crah wfah tfe l`ce claws `j aur ve`js. * Cert`l`ty djm iredt`v`ty were ehpfds`zem `j tfe pfdll`i dspeits ac M`ajys`dj r`tudls. Atta wr`tes; @jferejt `j tfe M`ajys`di elehejt ac ha`sture `s jat ajly tfe pawer wf`if hd`jtd`js l`ce nut dlsa tfe pawer wf`if iredtes `t. ]fus `t claws tfraugf tfe ejt`re fuhdj djm dj`hdl warlm ds d cert`l`z`jg, gejerdt`ve sunstdjie. ]fe ledrjem Sdrra wds very well `jcarhem wfej fe meildrem tfdt tfe savere`gjty ac M`ajysus wds jat ajly ta ne reiagj`zem `j tfe ku`ie ac cru`ts wfase irawj`jg glary wds w`je nut dlsa `j tfe sperhs ac l`v`jg iredtures. Crah tf`s spfere ac tfe gam‑s dit`v`ty fe trdiem tfe ar`g`j ac tfe iusta h `j wf`if d pfdllus wds irawjem w`tf wredtfs djm idrr`em draujm `j tfe gam's iult. We iertd`jly ojaw faw gredt d rale tf`s syhnal ac prairedt`ve pawer pldyem `j f`s cest`vdls. "D w`je kdr, d v`je, d gadt, d ndsoet ac c`gs, djm tfej tfe pfdllus‘” tf`s t f`s `s tfe mesir`pt`aj Rlutdrif g`ves us ac tfe ar`g`jdl s`hpl`i`ty ac tfe M`ajys`di ielenrdt`aj. D sajg wds sujg ta tfe pfdllus. We fdve `jsir`pt`ajdl ev`mejie car tfe use ac d ldrge waamej pfdllus `j tfe praiess`ajs ac tfe M`ajys`d `j Melas. Edif ialajy sejt d pfdllus reguldrly ta tfe Dtfej`dj M`ajys`d. >7   Dj exdhple ac M`ajys`dj pfdll`i syhnal`sh l`joem w`tf ndpt`shdl `hdgery `s  pr av`m em ny tfe call aw` jg mre dh. ]fe mre dher wds d h`m mle - dgem wahd j w`tf eherg`jg iredt`ve pawers ds d paet djm d sifaldr. Yfe mredhem; ]fere `s d pdrty dt hy hatfer‑s dpdrthejt. D strdjge djm m`sturn`jg hdj, Hr. V, d  paet, `s tfe guest guest ac fajar. (Dc (Dcter ter severdl severdl ep`same ep`samess tfe hatfer led ledves ves tfe pdrty.) pdrty.) Wfej  sfe maes, maes, tfere‑ tfere‑ss d o`jm ac uj`v uj`versdl, ersdl, sspajtdje pajtdjeaus aus reka reka`i`jg `i`jg wf`if wf`if /  / dlsa ceel, tfaugf @ maj‑t ojaw wfdt‑s up. / up.  /  c`jm aut aut saaj ejaugf ejaugf,, tfaugf. tfaugf. Ca Carr dlha dlhast st dt a ajie jie V gdtfers gdtfers dll tfe wahej draujm f`h `j d seh`-i`rile, wfereupaj fe ujmresses djm ekdiuldtes d fuge  stredh ac sperh sperh wf`i wf`if f cdlls l`oe d caujtd` caujtd`j j aj edif ac us. @'m tfaugf tfaugftt tfe `med wds car us ta serve f`h `j tf`s wdy, nut ds `t turjs aut tfdt‑s ajly pdrt ac `t. Neiduse ds tfe  sperh sfawer sfawer f`ts us severd severdlly, lly, we edif exper`ejie exper`ejie aur awj sepdr sepdrdte dte djm `jm`v`mudl argdshs.

K3

Gaetfe,  Cdust,  Cdust, pt.  pt. >. l`jes 6=9> ==.

>7

Alta,  M`ajysus Hytf djm Iult, p. Iult, p. 43=.  43=.  

 

]f`s mredh caresfdmawem dj eherg`jg pas`t`ve redl`zdt`aj ac tfe idpdi`t`es.   Fawever, sahet`hes aje‑s reldt`aj ta tfe mredher‑s iredt`ve idpdi`t`es. iredt`ve pawer `s mdjgeraus. J`etzsife, tfe gredt expajejt ac tfe M`ajys`dj  pr`ji`ple, `s dj dwe  pr`ji`ple, dwesahe sahe exdhple  exdhple ac tfe mdjgers ac d d   mestruit`ve  salut`a  salut`a   nraugft dnaut ny d persajdl `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf M`ajys`dj iredt`v`ty. @j f`s psyifas`s,  J`etzsife  J`etzsi fe idllem   f`hselc “M`ajysus‘ djm s`gjem f`s letters,  letters,  “[dgreus‘” tfdt t fdt `s,

“tfe m`shehnerem aje.‘ Kujg fds sahe pracaujm anservdt`ajs ta hdoe aj tfe mdjger ac m`ssalut`aj `j `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf iredt`ve pawers. Fe sdys; _]fe  iredt`ve  carie _]fe   cariesX sX   fdve yau aj tfe str`jg djm yau mdjie ta tfe`r wf`stl`jg, ta tfe`r helamy. Nut `j ds huif ds yau sdy tfese iredt`ve caries dre `j  J`e tzs ife ar `j he ar djyw fer e els e, yau idu se dj `jc ldt `aj , nei dus e hdj maes jat passess iredt`ve pawers, fe `s passessem ny tfeh. ]fdt `s tfe trutf. @c fe dllaws f`hselc ta ne tfaraugfly passessem ny tfeh w`tfaut quest`aj`jg, w`tfaut laao`jg dt tfeh, tfere `s ja `jcldt`aj, nut tfe hahejt fe spl`ts acc, wfej fe tf`jos, @ dh tfe cellaw, dj `jcldt`aj callaws QQQQ @t fdppejs dutahdt`idlly tfdt yau neiahe iajsi`aus ac yaurselc djm tfej yau dre gaje, `t `s ds `c yau fdm tauifem d f`gf tejs`aj w`re. J`etzsife, ac iaurse, iaulm jat felp laao`jg dt tfe tf`jg djm tfej fe wds averwfelhem w`tf resejthejts, neiduse tfe iredt`ve pawers stedl yaur t`he, sdp yaur strejgtf, djm wfdt `s tfe result1 D naao perfdps. Nut wfere `s yaur persajdl l`ce1 Dll gaje. ]ferecare, suif peaple ceel sa terr`nly ifedtem, tfey h`jm `t, djm everynamy augft ta ojeel mawj necare tfeh `j armer ta hdoe up car tfdt wf`if fds neej stalej ny Gam. ]fe iredt`ve caries fdve tdoej `t aut ac tfeh, djm tferecare tfey waulm l`oe ta persaj`cy tfeh, `hdg`je tfdt tfey dre Yf`vd, `j armer ta fdve tfe mel`gft ac ne`jg iredt`ve. Nut `c yau ojaw yau dre iredt`ve djm ejkay ne`jg iredt`ve, yau w`ll ne irui`c`em dcterwdrms neiduse djynamy `mejt`c`em w`tf Gam w`ll ne m`shehnerem. Dj alm cdtfer ac tfe ifurif, tfe N`sfap Yyjes`us, sd`m tfdt tfe  sp`r`tu  sp`r`tuss pfdjtdst`ius, pfdjtdst`ius,   aur iredt`ve sp`r`t, idj pejetrdte tfe meptfs ar tfe fe`gfts ac tfe uj`verse l`oe Gam, ar l`oe d gredt mehaj, nut aj diiaujt ac tfdt fe w`ll dlsa fdve ta ujmerga tfe m`v`je  puj `sf hejt , djm tfd t wau lm ne tfe m`s hehn erhe jt ac M`a jys us ar tfe irui`c`x`aj ac Ifr`st. >4 * @j gejerdl, tfe M`ajys`dj `s md`haj`i djm eistdt`i, prahat`jg `jtejs`ty ac exper`ejie rdtfer tfdj iledr, struiturem hedj`jg. @t `s d m`ssalver ac l`h`ts djm  nau jmd r`e s, nr` jg` jg l` ce w`t fau t heds ure . @j `ts ext reh e car h `t `s w`l m, `rrdt`ajdl, hdm, eistdt`i, naujmless. @t `s tfe ejehy ac dll iajvejt`ajdl ldws, rules, djm estdnl`sfem carhs. @t `s `j tfe serv`ie, jat ac sdcety, nut ac l`ce djm rekuvejdt`aj. ]fe wedo djm `hhdture hdy ne mestrayem ny `ts ajsldugfts? tfe fedltfy w`ll ne cert`l`zem djm ejl`vejem l`oe tfe ldjm ny tfe claam`jg ac tfe J`le (see c`gure 9-44). Hdjy il`j`idl syjmrahes dre mue ta d iajiret`st`i `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf tfe M`ajys`dj pr`ji`ple. Dliafal`sh djm mrug dmm`it`aj dre anv`aus. Maj Kudj`sh idj dlsa ne iajs`merem dj `mejt`c`idt`aj w`tf M`ajysus, `j

;

¿Kujg.  [drdtfustrd Yeh`jdr  4;37.   4;37.  

 

 

C @G U ^ E 9 - 4 4 Ndtfers (^eja`r. Rf`ldmelpf`d, Ialleit`aj ac Idrrall ]ysaj. ^epr`jtem `j Irdvej,  D ]redsury ]redsury ac Dr Drtt Hdsterp`eie Hdsterp`eies.) s.)  

wf`if tfe `jm`v`mudl surraujms f`hselc w`tf dj ejtaurdge ac wahej `j vdr`aus stdges ac lave ar crejzy (Hdejdms). ]f`s s`tudt`aj tfredtejs ta nr`jg dnaut f`s awj  psyi fal ag` idl m`s hehn erh ejt ny iaj cl` its , anl `gd t` ajs, djm ejt djg leh ejt s. ]fe M`ajys`dj tdoes aj d iahpuls`ve qudl`ty wfej `t ex`sts `j d m`ssai`dtem persajdl`ty. Rut djatfer wdy, tfe M`ajys`dj mestrays tfe Rejtfeus-l`oe ega tfdt `s jat reldtem ta wfalejess.

@j

cdvardnle

i`riuhstdjies

`t

prahates

fdrhajy

djm

m`ssalves

m`ccerejies. Car `jstdjie, iajs`mer tf`s pdedj ta tfe M`ajys`dj ny J `etzsife; Ujmer tfe ifdrh ac tfe M`ajys`dj jat ajly `s tfe uj`aj netweej hdj djm hdj redcc`rhem, nut jdture wf`if fds neiahe dl`ejdtem, fast`le, ar sunkugdtem. ielenrdtes ajie hare fer reiaji`l`dt`aj w`tf fer last saj, hdj. Creely, edrtf  pr acc ers fer g`c ts, djm ped iec ull y tfe ned sts ac pre y ac tf e rai os djm mes ert dppradif. ]fe ifdr`at ac M`ajysus `s iaverem w`tf clawers djm gdrldjms? pdjtfers djm t`gers wdlo ujmer `ts ya oe. ]rdjscarh Neetfavej's “Fyhj ta Kay" `jta d  pd` jt` jg? let yaur `hd g`j dt` aj iaj ie` ve tfe hul t`t ume s naw `jg ta tfe mus t, dwestruio   ” tfej t fej yau w`ll dppradif tfe M`ajys`dj. Jaw tfe sldve `s d cree hdj? jaw dll tfe r`g`m, fast`le ndrr`ers tfdt jeiess`ty, idpr` ie, ar “`hpumejt

iajvejt`aj‘ fdve c`xem netweej hdj djm hdj dre nraoej. Jaw, w`tf tfe gaspel ac uj`versdl fdrhajy, edif aje ceels f`hselc jat ajly uj`tem, reiaji`lem, djm cusem w`tf f`s je`gfnar, nut ds aje w`tf

 

f`h, ds `c tfe ve`l ac hDy` fdm neej tarj ds`me, djm were jaw herely clutter`jg `j tdtters  neca re tfe hyste r`au s pr `harm `dl uj`t y. >0  

]fe Dpastle Rdul expresses dpprax`hdtely tfe sdhe `med iajierj`jg tfe

ecc`idiy ac tfe nlaam ac Ifr`st. @j Epfes`djs, we redm; “Nut jaw `j Ifr`s t Kesus yau wfa ajie were cdr acc fdve neej nraugft jedr `j tfe nlaam ac Ifr`st. Car fe `s aur pedie, wfa fds hdme us natf aje, djm fds nraoej mawj tfe m`v`m`jg wdll ac fast`l`ty, ny dnal`sf`jg `j f`s clesf tfe ldw ac iahhdjmhejts djm arm`jdjies, tfdt fe h`gft iredte `j f`hselc aje jew hdj `j pldie ac tfe twa, sa hdo`jg pedie, djm h`gft reiaji`le us natf ta

Gam `j aje namy tfraugf tfe irass, tfereny nr`jg`jg tfe fast`l`ty ta dj ejm‘ (Epf. >;49-43, ^YS). ]fe w`je ac M`ajysus djm tfe nlaam ac Ifr`st dre syhnal`idlly equ`vdlejt. ]f`s cdit `s `llustrdtem `j tfe mredh ac d yaujg ilergyhdj, 92 wf`if @ fdve prev`ausly punl`sfem `j  Ega djm djm Dr Drifetyp ifetypee.  @t `s ds callaws; Mredh (dnnrev`dtem); / dh ta ielenrdte iahhuj`aj. @j tfe sdir`sty, wf`if laaos l`oe d o`tifej, tfe iahhuj`aj w`je `s ta ne prepdrem ny h`x`jg twa sepdrdte w`jes-d nlue w`je djm d rem w`je. ]fe ldtter `s `j d nattle w`tf d yellaw ldnel tfdt laaos t`oe d Yiatif ldnel djm `s hdroem "Rdul." Dt d raujm tdnle, twa hej dre s`tt`jg. Aje `s d pal`t`idl lect`st, tfe atfer d r`gft`st. Up ta jaw tfey fdve hd`jtd`jem d  cdidme ac sai`dl sai`dl dhej`t dhej`tyy nut jaw tfey dre nei neiah`jg ah`jg fas fast`le t`le ta aje djatf djatfer. er. /  /  suggestt tfdt tfey vejt`ld  sugges vejt`ldte te dt tfe gut level djm resalv resalvee tfe`r ceel`jg ceel`jg reldt`ajsf`p. Dt tf`s pa`jt tfe sieje mdroejs ds `j d tfedtre pldy djm d rem yellaw spatl`g spatl`gft ft caiu caiuses ses aj d shdl shdlll tdnle n netwee etweej j djm ne nef`jm f`jm tfe twa he hej. j. Aj tfe tdnle `s d nattle ac tfe wdrh rem w`je w`tf tfe Yiatif ldnel iledrly hdroem "Rdul.‘ ]fej tfere `s tatdl mdrojess djm tfe t`jole ac gldsses, saujm`jg ds tfaugf tfey‑ve neej il`joem djm perfdps nraoej.  nraoej.   ]fe sejse `s anv`aus `j tfe mredh. @ tf`jo; tfey‑ve mrujo tfe rem w`je `j tfe`r m`siuss`aj, dttd`jem iahrdmesf`p, neiahe mrujo `j tfe praiess, cdllej dsleep, djm mrappem tfe`r gldsses. Hy respajse `s mel`gft `j tfe destfet`i wdy tf`s fds neej partrdyem djm djx`ety dnaut tfe cdit tfdt tfe serv`ie jeems ta neg`j djm we ma jat jaw fdve tfe `jgrem`ejts car tfe iahhuj`aj w`je h`xture. ]f e mredher‑s psyifalagy `s jat ojawj ta he `j meptf? fawever, `t `s ev`mejt tfdt M`ajys`dj djm Ifr`st`dj syhnal`sh dre fere iahn`jem.

H

 J`et zsif e, “]fe N`r tf a c ]r dgem y," `j Nds`i Wr`t`jgs ac J`etzsife,  p. 97.

‑"Em`jger, Ega djm Drifetype,  pp. >=6cc.

 

 sa`` .uja  sa

37

Dltfaugf tfe uj`aj ac tfe twa w`jes perfdps Lagas djm Eras- rehd`js ta ne dif`evem, d  salut`a  salut`a   fds aiiurrem tfdt m`ssaves tfe appas`t`aj netweej lect`st djm r`gft`st, dltfaugf dt tfe pr`ie ac iajsi`ausjess s`jie tfey cdll dsleep. @j tf`s idse, ds `s actej true, tfere `s d iajcus`aj netweej dutfejt`i reiaji`l`dt`aj ac appas`tes tfraugf gredter iajsi`ausjess djm d regress`ve m`ssalut`aj wf`if nlurs dwdrejess ac tfe appas`tes. D iashalag`idl vers`aj ac  salut`a  salut`a `s  `s tfe w`mespredm hytf ac d iash`i idtdstrapfe  ny cla am (s ee c`g ure 9- 4>). @j Fenrew hytf `t `s Jadf‑s claam? `j Greeo hytf, tfe stary ac Meuidl`aj djm Ryrrfd. Diiarm`jg ta dj dji`ejt `med edif ac tfe caur elehejts `j turj wds ta ne dj dgejt ac warlm mestruit`aj. Ds repartem ny M`a

Ifrysastah, tfe stary `s ds callaws; “]fe Larm ac tfe warlm r`mes `j d ifdr`at mrdwj ny caur farses wf`if dre sdirem ta [eus, Ferd, Rase`maj, djm Fest`d respeit`vely. @j atfer warms, tfe caur farses dre tfe caur elehejts, c`re, d`r, wdter, djm

]fe Claam (Marà,  N`nle @llustrdt`ajs.)

 

edrtf. Ds d rule tfey dre trditdnle, jaw djm tfej, fawever, tfe c`rst steem  nei ahes rest `ve djm set s c `r e t a t fe atf er tfr ee. ]f`s `s tfe ar` g`j ac tf e s tar y a c Rfdetfaj talm ny tfe Greeos. Dgd`j `t `s tfe steem ac Rase`maj tfdt neiahes rest`ve, djm tfe mraps ac f`s swedt dre spr`jolem upaj tfe atfer tfree. ]f`s,

dgd`j, `s tfe saurie crah wf`if tfe Greeos mer`vem tfe`r stary ac Meuidl`aj‑s claam,‘ djm l`oew`se w`tf tfe atfer twa farses. 94   ]f`s `med iarrespajms ta tfe dlifeh`idl i`riuldt`a i`riuldt`a   `j wf`if tfe hdter`dl `s ta  ne rep edt eml y sun l`h dtem djm iad gul dtem , i`r il` jg dgd` j djm dgd `j tfr aug f dll

tfe stdtes ac ne`jg ujt`l tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje `s iredtem. ]fe wfale f`stary ac tfe warlm `s tfus seej ds d vdst dlifeh`idl praiess. ]fe claam hytfs dre qu`te `jstruit`ve psyifalag`idlly. Gam sejms d mestruit`ve claam wfej tfe warlm fds neiahe w`ioem djm megejerdte. @t `s ds tfaugf fuhdj`ty hust ne remuiem tfraugf  salut`a  salut`a ta  ta `ts  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d `j  `j armer car `t ta ne trdjscarhem ta sahetf`jg netter. Djatfer dspeit ac  salut`a  salut`a   `s dlsa mehajstrdtem ny tfe claam star`es, jdhely, tfe tfehe ac armedl ny wdter. ]fraugf tf`s armedl tfe gamly hej, tfase w`tf dutfejt`i ex`stejie, rehd`j `jtdit wf`le tfe w`ioem ar `jdutfejt`i dre m`ssalvem. Rsyifalag`idlly tf`s waulm hedj tfdt tfase dspeits ac tfe ega iajsi`ausly reldtem ta tfe Yelc w`tfstdjm  salut`a.  salut`a.   @j tfe hytfs, tfe tfredt ac d warlm claam wds usem ta ejiaurdge dj dwdrejess ac Gam. Y`h`ldrly, d tfredt ac claam`jg crah tfe ujiajsi`aus hdy fdve d sdlutdry ecceit aj d presuhptuaus ega djm nr`jg dnaut dj dwdrejess ac d jeem car d reldt`aj ta tfe trdjspersajdl. ]f`s stdte ac h`jm `s expressem `j tfe Y`xty-j`jtf Rsdlh (see c`gure 9-49); Ydve he, 2 Gam? car tfe wdters dre iahe `j ujta hy saul. @ s`jo `j meep h`re, wfere tfere `s ja stdjm`jg; @ dh iahe `jta meep wdters, wfere tfe claams averclaw he. (4, >, DS) Mel`ver he aut ac tfe h`re, djm let he jat s`jo; let he ne mel`verem crah tfeh tfdt fdte he, djm aut ac tfe meep wdters. Let jat tfe wdter claam averclaw he, je`tfer let tfe meep swdllaw he up, djm let jat tfe p`t sfut fer hautf upaj he. (4=, @Y, DS) Claam mredhs recer ta  salut`a.  salut`a.   ]fey represejt dj dit`vdt`aj ac tfe ujiajsi`aus tfdt tfredtejs ta m`ssalve tfe estdnl`sfem ega struiture djm remuie `t ta  pr`hd hdter`d.   Hdkar l`ce trdjs`t`ajs dre iahhajly  salut`a exper`ejies. Car `jstdjie, d hdter`d. wahdj w`tf tfree if`lmrej wfa wds ga`jg tfraugf d seiajm m`varie fdm severdl claam mredhs, aje ac wf`if wds repartem ny ^`vodf Oluger;

Fdst`jgs, Ejiyilapem`d ac ^el`g`aj djm Etf`is,  4;400->22.  

 

C@ G U^ E 9 - 4 9

“Ydve He, A Gam? Car tfe Wdters Dre Iahe `j ujta Hy Yaul‘ (@llustrdt`aj car Rsdlh 30, ]fe S`siajt` Faurs. Clarejie, Jdt`ajdl L`nrdry.)

 Crah d nedif fause fause / laao aut djm see d gredt wdve. @ idll tfe g`rls `j. Hdry `s slaw nut maes iahe `j t`he djm   // sfut tfe maars. maars. ]fej tfe wdve `s aj us. @t iahes tfraugf tfraugf every irdio djm `s dll draujm us. @ dh cr`gftejem dnaut Nan. hy saj. wfa `s aj tfe nedif djm wajmer `c fe fds neej dnle ta esidpe. @ ojaw tfdt dll tfe sw`hhers w`ll fdve m`em. ]fere `s ja esidpe djm   // sdy ta hyselc; "Ya tf`s `s faw `t `s.‘ @ ceel ja redl redl  pdj`i. Y`jie esidpe esidpe `s `hpass`nle, `t `s s`hply s`hply tfe wdy `t `s. Nut tfej tfej tfe wdter  suns`mes. We ruj dnaut try`jg ta ilase up irdios. ]fere `s d fale `j tfe claar, nes`mes hdjy irdios `j tfe wdlls QQQQQQ  Djatfer wdve wdve iahes. @t irdsfes aver djm djm draujm us nut tf`s l`he tfe raah `s jat claamem djm tfe idn`j maes jat l`ct

 

djm rall dnaut. We neg`j ta ruj necare tfe jext aje iahes. @ apej tfe ndio maar djm tfere  stdjms dj alm cr`ejm wfah @@fdve fdve jat seej seej `j yyedrs. edrs. @ fug f`h `j kay djm rel`e rel`ec.... c.... ]fe ]fe iaujtry iaujtry `s nledo djm hum `s wdsfem f`gf up `j tfe ldjm. @ see faw luioy we fdve neej djm dh sa  gldmcar tfe h hdj dj wfa idhe ta tdoe us dwd dwdy. y.9> 

Djatfer exdhple `s tfe callaw`jg mredh. ]fe mredher wds d hdture, h`mmle-dgem hdj wfa wds ga`jg tfraugf d hdkar l`ce rear`ejtdt`aj djm cdi`jg d ser`aus aperdt`aj. Fe dlsa ldter wds m`variem. Fe mredhem; Warlm l`ce `s seej ds `j d gredt nawl. ]fej tfere `s d fuge claam, sahetf`jg l`oe d mdh lets laase djm everytf`jg `s averwfelhem.  @t `s idtdilys idtdilysh`i, h`i, d idtds idtdstrapfe trapfe ac fuge prapar prapart`ajs t`ajs djm dll dll `s wdsfem dwdy `j tfe r`s`jg wdters QQQQQQQQQQ wdters  QQQQQQQQQQ We clee necare tfe meluge djm sahe ac us esidpe. ]fej `t seehs ds `c we dre `j d jew erd. ]f`s `s warlm l`ce seej `js`me d gredt  spfere.  spfer e. ]fe ]fere re dre hdjy levels iajje iajjeitem item ny std`rid std`ridses, ses, rdhps, rdhps, eti., eti., dll draujm dj ap apej ej iejter. Dpdrthejts djm l`v`jg spdies dre pdrt ac tfe auter wdll.... Necare `t wds j`gft, jaw `t `s mdy. @j tfe h`mmle dll `s edrtf. @t `s d tf`io ldyer iaver`jg aver tfe wdter.

Mredhs ac d gredt claam sahet`hes `jilume tfe exper`ejie ac ne`jg resiuem ny d m`v`je ar trdjspersajdl dgejiy. @j tfe callaw`jg mredh `t `s ev`mejt tfdt d cdtdl  salut`a  salut`a   wds dva`mem ny tfe m`siavery ac Kujg`dj  psy ifa lagy; la gy; _]fe mredher X wds idugft `j d hajstraus sed. ]faugf sfe wds d strajg djm prdit`iem  sw`hher, fer st  sw`hher, strejgtf rejgtf w wds ds jedrly ex exfdustem fdustem,, djm sfe ojew ssfe fe iaulm jat fa falm lm aut huif lajger. Kust tfej sfe sdw dfedm d squdre fausenadt resehnl`jg tfe Jadf's dros ac fer if`lmfaam. W`tf d trehejmaus ldst eccart sfe hdme car `t, djm kust `j t`he sfe redifem `ts  s`me, ta ne f fdulem dulem u up p fdlc cd`jt`jg cd`jt`jg ny jaje atfer tfdj tfdj Mr Mr.. Kujg, wfah sfe fdm jever evej 99  seej dt tfe t`he t`he..  

D h`mmle-dgem hdj ga`jg tfraugf tfe m`ssalut`aj ac d mepejmejt reldt`ajsf`p fdm tf`s mredh;  @ dh dt tfe iejter ac d gredt i`ty wdtif` wdtif`jg jg d vdst stredh ac fuhdj`ty fuhdj`ty pdss ny ”  `jm`v`mudls ac every type djm mesir`pt`aj. @t‑s l`oe tfe claw ac d gredt r`ver.   / dh  cdsi`jdtem.  cdsi`jdtem.

u

Oluger, “Claam Mredhs,‘ `j ]fe ^edl`ty ac tfe Rsyife, p. Rsyife, p. 54.

w

Nert`je, “]fe Gredt Claam,‘ `j  Kujg's Iajtr`nut`aj Iajtr`nut`aj ta Aur ]`he. p. ]`he. p. >2=.

 

Aj dwdoej`jg tfe mredher tfaugft ac tfe maitr`je ac Ferdil`tus tfdt “dll tf`jgs dre `j clux‘ (pdjtd rfe`). ]fe rfe`). ]fe mredh `s tfus p`itur`jg tfe  salut`a  salut`a dspeit  dspeit ac ex`stejie ” ll`ce `ce ds perpetudl ifdjge djm neiah`jg. D pd`jcul persajdl exper`ejie `s idst `j dj drifetypdl ar gejerdl iajtext djm tfereny hdme hedj`jgcul djm evej cdsi`jdt`jg. ]fe iajjeit`aj ac  salut`a  salut`a   w`tf sdlvdt`aj `s `jm`idtem ny tfe Dpast le Reter‑s reldt`aj ac Jadf‑s claam ta ndpt`sh. “Jaw `t wds lajg dga, wfej Jadf wds st`ll  nu` lm` jg tfd t d ro wf`i f s dvem ajl y d shd ll grau p a c e` gft

 pea ple ‚ny wdter‑  peaple wdt er‑  QQQQQ QQQ ]fdt wdter `s d type ac tfe n dpt`sh wf`if sdves yau jaw‘ (4 Ret. 9;>2, >4, KN).   Neiduse e`gft peaple were sdvem `j tfe claam, tfe juhner e`gft neidhe dssai`dtem w`tf ndpt`sh, tfe r`tudl repet`t`aj ac tfe ar`g`jdl claam. ]fe Ifr`st`djs ac djt`qu`ty djm tfe H`mmle Dges jedrly dlwdys nu`lt tfe`r ndpt`str`es `j aitdgajdl carh. Dj `jsir`pt`aj iahpasem ny Yt. Dhnrase car tfe ndpt`stry ac tfe ifurif ac Yt. ]feild `j H`ldj redms ds callaws;

E`gft dre tfe tehple‑s wdlls” A juhner wartfy ac faly Dit`ajs  per car hem dt tfe spa t? e`gf t dr e tf e wd lls ac tfe caj t. Hyst `id l s fdpe ac tfe fause tfdt iavers tfe r`tes ac tfe wdter  ” ^`tes ^ `tes car tfe sdv`jg ac hdj ” hyst`idl h yst`idl juhner ac e`gft. ^`tes tfdt mer`ve tfe`r paw‑r crah tfe l`gft ac Ifr`st resurreitem Ifr`st wfa set dll hej cree, nredo`jg tfe sfdioles ac Fell, Wfa crah tfe nleh`sf ac s`j reledsetf f`h tfdt repejtetf. @j tfe irystdll`je spr`jg iledjs`jg tfe ndtfer crah gu`lt. Wfdt gredter praac idj ye dso ac tfe pawer ac Gam wfa Dit`jg dt aje shdll pa`jt laasejs tfe gu`lt ac tfe warlm1 9=   We jaw ojaw tfdt tfe juhner e`gft `s dj `jm`v`mudt`aj juhner, dj express`aj ac wfalejess. ]fe claam djm ndpt`sh syhnal`sh `s tferecare tell`jg us tfdt ny  pds s`j g tf rau gf t fe wdte r a c  salul`a  salul`a we  we neiahe wfale ” tfdt t fdt `s, reldtem ta tfe Yelc. ]fe examus djm pdssdge tfraugf tfe ^em Yed wds dlsa iajjeitem w`tf ndpt`sh

 ny Rdu l; “@ wdjt wdj t yau ta oja w, nretf nr etfrej rej,, tfd t aur cdt cdtfer fer s were dll ujm er tfe ila ilaum, um, djm dll pdssem tfraugf tfe sed, djm dll were ndpt`zem `jta Hases `j tfe ilaum djm `j

tfe sed‘ (4 Iar. 42;4 -> ^YS). Ku jg hejt`ajs tfe Rerdt`is‑ (d Gjast`i seit‑s) `jterpretdt`aj ac tfe ^em Yed; “]fe ^em Yed mrawjem tfe Egypt`djs, nut tfe Egypt`djs were dll ‚jaj ojawers.‑...]fe ^em Yed `s d wdter ac medtf car tfase tfdt dre ‚ujiajsi`aus,‑ nut car tfase tfdt dre ‚iajsi`aus‑   `t `s d ndpt`shdl wdter ac ren`rtf djm trdjsiejmejie.‘ -45   Dugust`je sdys, “]fe ^em Yed s`gj`c`es  

H

^dfjer, Greeo Hytfs

djm Ifr`st`dj Hystery, p. Hystery,  p.

 

 ndpt`s  ndp t`s h,‘ h, ‘ djm dii arm` jg ta Faja r` us ac Dut Dutuj, uj, “tf “tfee ^em Yed `s tfe ndpt`s ndp t`s h remmejem ny tfe nlaam ac Ifr`st, `j wf`if aur ejeh`es, jdhely aur s`js, dre ,ct

mrawjem.‘  

]fe dlifeh`sts usem tfe `hdge ac tfe ^em Yed. ]fe t`jiture `s sd`m ta ne extrditem crah tfe ^em Yed. Aje text spedos ac tfe “]yredj mye, wf`if `s extrditem crah aur hast pure ^em Yed.‘‑ 7   Djatfer sdys, “Djm ojaw tfdt aur ^em Yed `s hare t`jitur`jg tfdj dll seds, djm tfdt _`tX... pejetrdtes dll  nam `es ." 9 * ]fe terh “aur ^em Yed‘ recers ta tfe dqud perhdjejs, perhdjejs, tfe uj`versdl salvejt  ”  ” tfdt t fdt `s, tfe l`qu`m carh ac tfe Rf` lasapfers‑ Ytaje. ]fus, tfdt wf`if fds pdssem tfraugf tfe  salut`a  salut`a ac  ac tfe ^em Yed `s tfe gadl ac tfe apus, apus, tfe  tfe Yelc. Ar, put djatfer wdy, tfe ^em Yed `s tfe tatdl`ty ac tfe psyife, tfe dgejiy ac  salut`a   tfdt tfe ega hust ejiaujter djm pdss tfraugf aj tfe wdy ta  salut`a `jm`v`mudt`aj (see c`gure 94=). ]fe ^em Yed fdm severdl averldpp`jg hedj`jgs ta tfe dlifeh`sts. (4) @t wds tfe irui`dl trdjs`t`aj ac tfe examus. ]fe @srdel`tes' esidpe crah sldvery wds equdtem w`tf tfe remehpt`aj ac tfe last vdlue f`mmej `j tfe mdrojess ac hdtter djm `jmeem w`tf tfe wfale dlifeh`idl praiess ac trdjscarhdt`aj. (>) @t fdm tfe gejerdl hedj`jg ac tfe sed ” tfe t fe ar`g`jdl ifdas, tfe iredt`ve saurie ac dll tfdt iahes ta ne, `j psyifalag`idl terhs, tfe ujiajsi`aus. (9) @ts

remjess dssai`dtem `t w`tf tfe ialar ac tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje djm tfe

trdjscarh`jg t`jiture. ]fus tfe ^em Yed wds jat ajly tfe  pr`hd hdter`d, hdter`d,   nut dlsa tfe gadl ac tfe apus. apus.   @t wds dlsa iajjeitem w`tf tfe remeeh`jg nlaam ac

Ifr`st djm tfe “nlaam ac tfe ldhn‘ ds mesir`nem `j ^eveldt`aj. “Wfdt dre tfese wf`if dre drrdyem `j wf`te ranes1...]fese dre tfey wf`if idhe aut ac gredt tr`nuldt`aj, djm fdve wdsfem tfe`r ranes, djm hdme tfej wf`te `j tfe  nla am ac tf e Ldhn . ]fer eca re dre tfe y nec are tfe tfr aje ac Gam , djm ser ve f`h mdy djm j`gft `j f`s tehple‘ (^ev. 7;4=, 45, DS).   L`terdl nlaam ndpt`sh wds prdit`iem `j tfe tduranal`uh ac H`tfrd`sh. Nlaam `s dssai`dtem w`tf tfe elehejt c`re? fejie, nlaam syhnal`sh iahn`jes c`re djm wdter   ” tfdt t fdt `s, natf idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a djm  djm salut`a  salut`a `hdgery.  `hdgery. Ndpt`sh `s nds`idlly d pur`c`idt`aj r`tudl tfdt wdsfes aje iledj ac m`rt,  nat f l`t erd l djm sp` r`t udl . Wdsf `jg s wer e cre que jt pre l`h `jd ry pr aiem ures `j rel`g`aus ierehaj`es, `j tfe Eleus`j`dj Hyster`es car `jstdjie. Rsyifalag`idlly, tfe m`rt ar s`j tfdt `s wdsfem dwdy ny ndpt`sh idj ne ujmerstaam ds ujiajsi`ausjess, sfdmaw qudl`t`es ac wf`if aje `s ujdwdre. Rsyifalag`idl iledjl`jess hedjs jat l`terdl pur`ty, nut dwdre-

9 3

 

 

C@GU^E 9 4=

Rfdrdaf‑s Drhy Mrawj`jg `j tfe ^em Yed (]fe S`siajt` Faurs. Clarejie. Faurs.  Clarejie. Jdt`ajdl L`nrdry.)

jess ac aje‑s awj m`rt. @c aje `s psyifalag`idlly iledj, aje w`ll jat iajtdh`jdte aje‑s ejv`rajhejt w`tf sfdmaw prakeit`ajs (see c`gure 9 45). @ idjjat iajilume tf`s seit`aj aj ndpt`sh syhnal`sh w`tfaut i`t`jg d  ned ut` cul qua tdt `aj tfd t equd tes Ifr` st djm tfe suj ds pdr tje rs `j ndp t`s h. ]f`s crah Hel`ta ac Ydrm`s, d seiajm-iejtury tfealag`dj; Wfej mrdwj ny f`s c`ery steems tfe suj fds iahpletem f`s md`ly iaurse, tfej ny redsaj ac f`s wf`rl`jg pdssdge fe tdoes aj tfe ialar ac c`re djm neiahes ds d nurj`jg tarif QQQQ ]fej, dlhast last crah v`ew, fe mesiejms `jta tfe aiedj. ...Ndtf`jg f`hselc `j tfe hyster`aus meptfs fe sfauts h`gft`ly car kay, car wdter `s f`s jaur`sfhejt. Fe rehd`js aje djm tfe sdhe, yet fe iahes cartf

 

DJD]AHP AC ]FE RYPIFE  

C@ G U ^ E 9 - 4 5

]fe Wahdj Wdsf`jg Ilatfes (Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldj`d `d

Cug`e Cug`ejs, js, 

4346.)

strejgtfejem aut ac tfe meptfs, d jew suj, djm sf`jes f`s l`gft upaj hej, fdv`jg neej iledjsem `j tfe wdter QQQQ ]fere callaw f`h `j mue iaurse tfe mdji`jg rdjos ac tfe stdrs djm ny redsaj ac f`h tfe haaj puts cartf fer pawer. ]fey ndtfe `j tfe ndpt`stry ac tfe suj l`oe tfase wfa dre anem`ejt ujmer `jstruit`aj djm `t `s ajly neiduse haaj djm stdrs callaw tfe iaurse ac tfe suj tfdt tfey sf`je w`tf d truly pure l`gft. @c tfej tfe suj djm tfe stdrs djm tfe haaj dll ndtfe tagetfer `j tfe aiedj, wfy sfaulm jat Ifr`st fdve neej ndpt`zem `j tfe ^`ver Karmdj1 O`jg ac Fedvej, pr`jie ac iredt`aj, suj ac tfe edsterj soy wfa dppedrem natf ta tfe medm `j Fdmes djm ta hartdls upaj edrtf, fe, tfe ajly true Fel`as, drase car us aut ac tfe f`gfest suhh`ts ac Fedvej. 90   Edrl`er, tfe haaj wds hejt`ajem ds dj dgejt ac jegdt`ve ar mdjgeraus  salut`a.  salut`a.   @t dlsa fds `hpartdjt iajjeit`ajs w`tf f`gfly pas`t`ve `hdgery. ]fe haaj wds iajs`merem ta ne tfe saurie ac mew ” dj d j dgejt ac fedl`jg grdie djm `mejt`idl w`tf tfe dqud perhdjejs.  perhdjejs.  @s`s wds idllem “mew,‘ djm `t wds tfe mew ac fer tedrs tfdt nraugft tagetfer tfe m`shehnerem crdghejts ac As`r`s. =2   Kujg mesir`nes haaj djm mew syhnal`sh `j tfese warms;

"'^dfjer, Greeo Hytfs dj`l Ifr`st`dj Hystery, p. Hystery,  p. 445.  445.   "Kujg,  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s. Iaj`ujit`aj`s. IW  4=,   4=, pdr. 4=.  

 

Lujd seiretes tfe mew ar sdp ac l`ce. _Diiarm`jg ta dj dlifeh`idl text,X "'c f`s

Lujd `s tfe sdp ac tfe wdter ac l`ce, wf`if `s f`mmej `j Heriur`us!‘ Evej tfe Greeo dlifeh`sts suppasem tfere wds d pr`ji`p le `j tfe haaj wf`if Ifr`s' t` djas

idlls tfe “`ifar ac tfe pf`lasapfer.‘ ]fe reldt`aj ac tfe haaj ta tfe saul, huif stressem `j djt`qu`ty, dlsa aiiurs `j dlifehy tfaugf w`tf d m`ccerejt judjie. Usudlly `t `s sd`m tfdt crah tfe haaj iahes tfe mew. nut tfe haaj `s dlsa tfe dqud h`r`ctid  h`r`ctid  tfdt extrdits tfe sauls crah tfe nam`es ar g`ves tfe nam`es l`ce djm saul. ]agetfer w`tf Heriur`us, Lujd spr`joles tfe m`shehnerem mrdgaj w`tf fer

ha`sture djm nr`jgs f`h ta l`ce dgd`j, “hdoes f`h l`ve, wdlo, djm ruj dnaut, djm ifdjge f`s ialar ta tfe jdture ac nlaam." Ds tfe wdter ac dnlut`aj, tfe mew cdlls crah fedvej, pur`c`es tfe namy, djm hdoes `t redmy ta reie`ve tfe saul? `j atfer warms, `t nr`jgs dnaut tfe dlnema, tfe wf`te stdte ac `jjaiejie, wf`if l`oe tfe haaj djm d nr`me dwd`ts tfe nr`megraah. =4   @j eiiles`dst`idl syhnal`sh mew represejts grdie, djm `j dlifehy `t `s tfe dqud  sdpejt`de.  sdpejt` de. Dj  Dj exiellejt exdhple `s seej `j aje ac tfe  ^asdr  ^asdr`uh `uh p`i  p`i tur es r epr amui em ` j ]fe Rsyifalagy ac tfe ]rdjscerejie =>  (see c`gure 9-43). ]f`s p`iture sfaws tfe o`jg djm queej callaw`jg ia`tus hergem djm medm ly`jg aj d sldn. Mraps ac ha`sture dre cdll`jg aj tfeh crah d ilaum dnave. Kujg `jterprets tfe mesiejm`jg mew ds tfe wdter

ac m`v`je W`smah ar “G`meaj‑s mew,‘ d syjajyh car tfe dqudperhdjejs. @t “`s d s`gj ac m`v`je `jtervejt`aj, `t `s tfe ha`sture tfdt ferdlms tfe returj ac tfe saul.‘ =9   ]f`s iarrespajms ta tfe reiavery ac ceel`jg dcter suiiuhn`jg ta tfe medmly, ndrrej stdte

ac `jtelleitudl dnstrdit`aj l`oe Cdust‑s necare f`s ejiaujter w`tf Hepf`stapfeles. Ds Kujg tells us, “]fe dlifeh`sts tfaugft tfdt tfe apus apus   mehdjmem jat ajly ldnardtary waro, tfe redm`jg ac naaos, hem`tdt`aj, djm pdt`ejie, nut dlsa lave.‘ ==   ]fe mew ac m`v`je W`smah ehpfds`zes djatfer dspeit ac  salut`a  salut`a,, jdhely, `ts pawer ta djswer quest`ajs ar prav`me d  salut`a  salut`aj j  ta pranle hs. Gerfdrm Marj sdys; “]fe ifeh`idl  put rec dit `aj `s iah pdr em ta tfe stum y ac tf e pf` las apf ers, neid use ds tfe  pf` lasa pfe rs dre m`s pas em ta oja wle mge ny stu my, sa jdt urd l tf` jgs dre m`s pas em ny  put rec dit `aj ta sal ut` aj. ]a tf` s `s iahp drem pf` las apf `id l oj awle mge , car ds ny salut`aj nam`es dre m`ssalvem, sa ny ojawlemge dre tfe maunts ac tfe pf`lasapfers

resalvem.‘ =5   ]fe  ^und`y  ^und`ydt dt ac Ahdr Ofdyy Ofdyydh dh   expresses tfe sdhe `med `j d style hare dpprapr`dte ta salut`a. ta  salut`a.   ]fe Grdpe tfdt idj w`tf Lag`i dnsalute ]fe ]wa-djm-Yevejty kdrr`jg Yeits iajcute;

=4

4 n`m., pdr. 455.

ZRr`jtem `j Kujg, ]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy IW  43  43 .  

'‑@n`m.. pdr. =67.   "@n`m.. pdr. =02. =5

Kujg,  Hyster`uh Iajkujit `ar``s, Ac `ar``s, Ac 4=. pdr. 939.  939.  

 

R F @ L A Y A R F A^ S H D N L S ] @ A SEL  H  Hu uttm`Ñidt`a

Çw cr`t 3# [matv WF Ycr`RNtl O `ct C@GU^ E 9 - 4 3 ]fe Iarpse ac tfe Hergem O`jg djm Tueej Ne`jg Rur `c`em djm ^edj`hdtem ny Fedvejly Mew (^asdr`uh Rf`las  Rf`lasapfaruh apfaruh,,  Crdjocurt, 4552. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg, ]fe  Rrdit`ie  Rrdit` ie ac Rsyi  Rsyifatferd fatferdpy.) py.)  

]fe savere`gj dlifeh`st tfdt `j d tr`ie L`ce‑s ledmej hetdl `jta Galm trdjshute. =3   ]fe  salut`a  salut`a   exper`ejie “salves‘ psyifalag`idl pranlehs ny trdjscerr`jg tfe `ssue

ta tfe redlh ac ceel`jg. @j atfer warms, `t djswers “ujdjswerdnle‘ quest`ajs ny m`ssalv`jg tfe l`n`ma anstruit`aj ac wf`if tfe quest`aj wds d syhptah. D vdr`djt ac  salut`a  salut`a   `s l`quecdit`a l`quecdit`a,, tfe praiess ac helt`jg. Yahet`hes `t `s idllem

“ierdt`aj.‘ Dnaut tf`s praiemure ^uldjm sdys, “Ierdt`aj `s percarhem upaj d  nam y wf `if `s fdr m d jm ac mry fuh aur ny iaj t`j udl

ZC`tzgerdlm, trdjs.. ]fe ^und`ydt ac Ahdr Ofdvvdh. st. Ofdvvdh. st. =>.

 

`jf`n`t`aj ujt`l helt`jg tdoes pldie QQQQQQQQQ tfe s`gj ac perceit ierdt`aj `s wfej tfe hem`i`je, ne`jg hast sw`ctly prakeitem upaj d nurj`jg pldte, resalves `tselc, w`tfaut shaoe, `jta tfe iajs`stejiy ac haltej wdx.‘ =7   ]fe dn`l`ty ta helt upaj fedt`jg, d cedture ac hast hetdls, wds iajs`merem ta ne dj `jm`idtar ac qudl`ty ar jan`l`ty. ]fus, regdrm`jg d jajcus`nle hetdl, dj dlifeh`st exild`hs `j

m`sgust, “N`shutf.. -`s jat evej cus`nle ny c`re ” suif s uif `s `ts edrtfly grassjess djm = `hpur`ty.‘ * ]f`s `s dj `jterest`jg psyifalag`idl pa`jt. @t tells us tfdt psyif`i qudl`ty `s `jm`idtem ny `ts dn`l`ty ta sactej, ta helt `jta d l`qu`m claw`jg stdte. Rerfdps tf`s `s tfe raat `hdge ac tfe `med ac d  gejtle  gejtle   hdj. Lda ]se mesir`nes `t  ned ut` cul ly; ]fe nest ac hej `s l`oe wdter. Wdter nejec`ts dll tf`jgs Djm maes jat iahpete w`tf tfeh. @t mwells `j (tfe lawly) pldies tfdt dll m`smd`j, ”   Wfere`j `t iahes jedr ta tfe ]da. @j f`s mwell`jg, (tfe Ydge) laves tfe (lawly) edrtf? @j f`s fedrt, fe laves wfdt `s pracaujm? @j f`s reldt`ajs w`tf atfers, fe laves o`jmjess? @j f`s warms, fe laves s`jier`ty? @j gaverjhejt, fe laves pedie? @j nus`jess dccd`rs, fe laves dn`l`ty? @j f`s dit`ajs, fe laves ifaas`jg tfe r`gft t`he. @t `s neiduse fe maes jat iajt ejm ]fdt fe `s w`tfaut repradif. =0   ]fe / If`jg   fds d fexdgrdh, juhner 50, wf`if h`gft fdve neej jdhem

“ salut`aW`lfelh idlls `t “M`spers`aj ar M`ssalut`aj.‘ Rdrt ac tfe iahhejtdry redms ds callaws; ^el`g`aus caries dre jeemem ta averiahe tfe egat`sh tfdt m`v`mes hej. ]fe iahhaj ielenrdt`aj ac tfe gredt sdir`c`i`dl cedsts djm sdirem r`tes... wds tfe hedjs ehplayem ny tfe gredt rulers ta uj`te hej. ]fe sdirem hus`i djm tfe splejmar ac tfe ierehaj`es drausem d strajg t`me ac ehat`aj tfdt wds sfdrem ny dll fedrts `j uj`saj, djm tfdt dwdoejem d iajsi`ausjess ac tfe iahhaj ar`g`j ac dll iredtures. @j tf`s wdy m`suj`ty wds averiahe djm r`g`m`ty m`ssalvem QQ Egat`sh djm iup`m`ty `saldte hej. ]ferecare t fe fedrts ac hej hust ne se`zem ny d mevaut ehat`aj. ]fey hust ne sfdoej ny d rel`g`aus dwe `j cdie ac eterj`ty. 52  

=7

^uldjm,  D Lex`iaj ac Dlifehy, p. Dlifehy, p. 05.  05.  

“Wd`te, trdjs., ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh 4;>=. Huseuh 4;>=. ]ut: ]ef If`jj a If`jj a r ]fe Naao ac ]da, Ifdpter ]da,  Ifdpter 6, ]r. L`j Putdjg. Putdjg.   Ifdjges,   pp. >>7cc.   •'"W`lfelh, trdjs.. ]fe t If`jg ar Naao ac Ifdjges,  pp. >>7cc.

 

]a suhhdr`ze, @ fdve spaoej ac sevej hdkar dspeits ac  salut`a syhnal`sh; (@) returj ta tfe wahn ar pr`hdl stdte? (>) m`ssalut`aj, m`spersdl, m`shehnerhejt? (9) iajtd`jhejt ac d lesser tf`jg ny d gredter? (=)  (=)  ren`rtf, rekuvejdt`aj, `hhers`aj `j tfe iredt`ve ejergy claw? (5) pur`c`idt`aj armedl? (3) salut`aj ac pranlehs? djm (7) helt`jg ar sactej`jg praiess. ]fese m`ccerejt dspeits averldp. Yeverdl ar dll ac tfeh hdy hdoe up m`ccerejt cdiets ac d s`jgle

exper`ejie. Nds`idlly `t `s tfe ega‑s iajcrajtdt`aj w`tf tfe ujiajsi`aus tfdt  nr` jgs dnau t  salut`a.  salut`a. Kujg  Kujg sdys; ]fe djdlys`s djm `jterpretdt`aj ac mredhs iajcrajt tfe iajsi`aus stdjmpa`jt w`tf tfe stdtehejts ac tfe ujiajsi`aus, tfus w`mej`jg `ts jdrraw far`zaj. ]f`s laasej`jg up ac irdhpem djm r`g`m dtt`tumes iarrespajms ta tfe salut`aj djm sepdrdt`aj ac tfe elehejts ny tfe dqud perhdjejs,  wf`if wds dlredmy  presej  pr esejtt `j tfe “na “namy" my" djm `s lur em aut ny tfe tf e d rt. ]fe wdt wdter er `s d s aul  ar sp`r`t,

tfdt `s, d psyif`i “sunstdjie,‘ wf`if jaw `j `ts turj `s dppl`em ta tfe `j`t`dl hdter`dl. ]f`s iarrespajms ta us`jg tfe mredh‑s hedj`jg ta ildr`cy ex`st`jg  pranl  pr anlehs. ehs. “ Yalut`a"  `s mec`jem `j tf`s sejse ny Marj. “Ds nam`es dre m`ssalvem  ny sal ut` aj, sa tfe maunts ac tfe pf`lasapfers dre resalvem ny ojawlemge.‘ 54   ]f`s quatdt`aj mesir`nes tfe djdlyt`i praiess ds if`ecly d  salut`a  salut`a car  car tfe pdt`ejt. Fawever, tfe tferdp`st hust dlsa sunh`t ta  salut`a.  salut`a.   Iertd`j texts stdte tf`s

expl`i`tly; “@t `s jeiessdr y tferecare ta iajvert tfe nam`es ac hetdls `jta d clu`m sunstdjie? car...every t`jiture w`ll t`jge d tfausdjm t`hes hare `j d sact djm l`qu`m sunstdjie, tfdj wfej `t `s `j d mry aje....]ferecare tfe trdjshutdt`aj ac `hperceit hetdls `s `hpass`nle ta ne maje ny perceit nam`es wf`le tfey dre mry djm fdrm; car wf`if iduse sdoe, tfey hust ne nraugft ndio `jta tfe`r c`rst hdtter,

wf`if `s sact djm clu`m.‘ 5>   Dgd`j, “tfdt wf`if `s mry maes jat ejter `jta, jar t`jge djytf`jg nes`mes `tselc...jar idj `t t`jge exi ept `t ne t`jgem.‘ 59  ]fus, natf pdt`ejt djm dgejt hust ne sact djm clu`m. ]f`s iarrespajms ta wfdt Kujg tells us dnaut tfe jdture ac psyifatferdpy; ]fe reldt`aj netweej maitar djm pdt`ejt rehd`js d persajdl aje w`tf`j tfe `hpersajdl crdhewaro ac pracess`ajdl tredthejt. Ny ja mev`ie idj tfe tredthejt ne djytf`jg nut tfe pramuit ac hutudl `jcluejie, `j wf`if tfe wfale  ne` jg ac tf e mai tar ds wel l ds tfd t ac f` s pdt `ej t pld ys `ts pdr t ”   Fejie tfe  per saj dl` t`e s ac mai tar djm pdt `ej t dre act ej `jc `j` tel y har e `hp art djt car tfe autiahe ac tfe tredthejt tfdj wfdt tfe maitar sdys djm tf`jos.... Car twa  per saj dl` t`e s ta heet `s l`o e h`x `jg twa m`c cer ejt ifeh `id l suns tdj ies ; `c tf ere `s djy iahn`jdt`aj dt dll, natf dre trdjscarhem. @j djy ecceit`ve psyifalag`idl tredthejt tfe maitar `s naujm ta `jcluejie tfe pdt`ejt? nut tf`s `jcluejie idj ajly tdoe pldie `c tfe pdt`ejt fds d rei`praidl

•'•Kujg.  Hvster`uh Iaj Iaj ¡uji` `aj`s. `aj`s. I W  4=,   4=, pdr. 923 djm j. 567. ]fe L`ves ac tfe Dlifehyst`idl Rf`lasapfers,  p. 495.  

¿‑@n`m.  

 

`jcluejie aj tfe maitar. Pau idj exert ja `jcluejie `c yau dre jat susiept`nle ta `jcluejie. 5=  

Netweej maitar djm pdt`ejt, tferecare, tfere dre `hpajmerdnle cditars wf`if  nr` jg dnaut d hutudl trdjscarhdt`aj. @j tfe praiess, tfe strajger djm hare stdnle  per saj dl` ty w`l l mei `me tfe c`j dl `ssu e. @ fdve seej hdjy idses wfere tfe pdt`ejt dss`h`ldtem tfe maitar `j mec`djie ac dll tfeary djm ac tfe tdtter's  pra ces s`a jdl `jtejt`ajs ” gejerdlly, g ejerdlly, tfaugf jat dlwdys, ta tfe m`sdmvdjtdge ac tfe maitar. 55   Edif ac tfe dlifeh`idl aperdt`ajs fds d lesser djm d gredter dspeit, kust ds `t fds  nat f d jeg dt` ve djm d pas` t`v e s`m e. ]fe c`r e ac idli`jdt`a idj ne exper`ejiem ds fell c`re ar tfe `jsp`rdt`aj ac tfe Faly Gfast. ]fe sdhe dppl`es ta  salut`a.  salut`a. Aje  Aje text sdys;

“Pau dre ta ojaw tfdt, dltfaugf tfe salut`aj `s aje, yet `j `t tfere hdy ne m`st`jgu`sfem d c`rst, djm d seiajm....]fe  c`rst   salut`aj `s...tfe remuit`aj ac `t ta `ts C`rst Hdtter, tfe  seiajm   `s tfdt perceit salut`aj ac namy djm sp`r`t dt tfe sdhe t`he, `j wf`if tfe salvejt djm tfe tf`jg salvem dlwdys dn`me tagetfer, djm w`tf tf`s salut`aj ac tfe namy tfere tdoes pldie s`hultdjeausly d iajsal`mdt`aj ac tfe

sp`r`t.‘ 53   ]fe gredter  salut`a  salut`a   tfus `jvalves d trdjspas`t`aj ac tfe appas`tes? tfe salut`aj ac tfe namy nr`jgs dnaut d iajsal`mdt`aj ac tfe sp`r`t. Hdjy atfer texts sdy tfe sdhe

tf`jg. Oelly quates Dv`iejjd; “]fe true pr`j i`ple ac aur waro `s tfe m`ssalut`aj ac tfe Ytaje, neiduse salvem nam`es fdve dssuhem tfe jdture ac sp`r`ts, `.e., neiduse tfe`r qudl`ty `s mr`er. Car tfe salut`aj ac tfe namy `s dttejmem w`tf tfe iadguldt`aj ac

tfe sp`r`t.‘ 57   Djatfer text sdys, “Aur saluiyaj ys iduse ac aur iadguldiyaj? Car tfe m`ssaluiyaj aj tfe aje syme iarpardll idusytf iajgeldiyaj aj tfe atfer syme sp yrytudll.‘ 56   ]f`s `s pracaujm djm pdrdmax`idl syhn al`sh. ]fe hast anv`aus hedj`jg `s tfdt d reledse crah iajirete pdrt`iuldrs prahates d redl`zdt`aj ac uj`versdls. Fawever, tfe  pdr dma x`i dl pld y ac app as`t es hedj s ult `hd tel y tfd t tfe pr aiem ure ledm s ta tfe Yelc   ” tfe t fe trdjspersajdl iejter ac tfe psyife tfdt uj`tes djm reiaji`les tfe appas`tes. We dre tfus nraugft, c`jdlly, ta tfe ult`hdte `j  salut`a  salut`a   syhnal`sh, tfe `med ac tfe wdter tfdt `s tfe gadl ac tfe praiess. Yeverdl terhs dre usem car tf`s l`qu`m vers`aj ac

tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje; "dqud perhdjejs"el`xer v`tde,"   “t`jiture,‘ “pf`lasapf`idl wdter,‘ “uj`versdl salvejt,‘ “m`v`je  

u

]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy, I W  43,   43, pdr. 439.   =

* @n`m., pdr. 43=. 5,4

 Wd`te, trdjs.. ]fe Ferhet`i Huseuh 4;=2. Huseuh 4;=2.

'‑Oelly, ]fe Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ac Emwdrm Oelly, p. Oelly,  p. =0. **4fe L`ves ac tfe Dlifehvst`idl Rf`lasapfers, p. Rf`lasapfers, p. >40.  >40.  

 

 `s mesir`nem `j tf`s text; apus `s wdter,‘ djm sa cartf. Wdter ds tfe gadl ac tfe apus _]fe pf`lasapfersX sdy tfdt tfe wfale waro djm tfe sunstdjie ac tfe wfale waro dre jatf`jg nut tfe wdter, djm tfdt tfe tredthejt ac tfe sdhe dlsa tdoes  pld ie ` j j atf` jg nut tfe wdte r QQQ Djm ny wfd tev er jdh es t fe pf` las apfe rs fdve idllem tfe`r staje tfey dlwdys hedj djm recer ta tf`s aje sunstdjie, `.e., ta tfe wdter crah wf`if everytf`jg _ar`g`jdtesX djm `j wf`if everytf`jg _`s iajtd`jemX, wf`if rules everytf`jg, `j wf`if errars dre hdme djm `j wf`if tfe

errar `s `tselc iarreitem. @ idll `t “pf`lasapf`idl‘ wdter, jat arm`jdry wdter nut dqud heriur`dl`s.50  Fere tfe pf`lasapf`idl wdter `j wf`if everytf`jg tdoes pldie `s natf tfe  neg `jj `jg djm tfe ejm ac tf e apus, apus,   tfe  pr`hd hdter`d, hdter`d,   djm tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje. @t `s d l`qu`m syhnal ac tfe Yelc iajtd`j`jg tfe appas`tes djm turj`jg edif ajes`mem tf`jg `jta `ts iaj trdry. ]fus `t `s sd`m, “]f`s (m`v`je) wdter hdoes tfe medm

l`v`jg djm tfe l`v`jg medm, `t l`gfts tfe mdrojess djm mdroejs tfe l`gft.‘ 32   Kust ds tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje wds `mejt`c`em w`tf Ifr`st, tfe m`v`je wdter ac tfe dlifeh`sts wds dlsa iajjeitem w`tf tfe l`v`jg wdter tfdt Ifr`st equdtem w`tf

f`hselc `j tfe Gaspel ac Kafj; “Wfaever mr`jos tfe wdter tfdt @ sfdll g`ve f`h w`ll jever succer tf`rst djyhare. ]fe wdter tfdt @ sfdll g`ve f`h w`ll ne dj `jjer

spr`jg dlwdys well`jg up car eterjdl l`ce‘ (Kafj =;4=, JEN). “@c djyaje `s tf`rsty

let f`h iahe ta he? wfaever nel`eves `j he, let f`h mr`jo. Ds Yir`pture sdys,

‚Ytredhs ac l`v`jg wdter sfdll claw aut crah w`tf`j f`h‑‘ (Kafj 7;96, JEN).   Dj `jterest`jg mredh pdrdllel ta tfe “stredh ac l`v`jg wdter‘ idhe ta hy dttejt`aj. Mur`jg d pdrt`iuldr sess`aj, tfe djdlyst wds espei`dlly resauriecul `j

g`v`jg d r`if dhpl`c`idt`aj ac tfe pdt`ejt‑s mredh. ]fdt j`gft tfe pdt`ejt mredhem tfdt d stredh ac irystdl iledr wdter wds claw`jg crah tfe djdlyst‑s hautf.  ]f`s ep`same `s

dj exiellejt exdhple ac Kujg‑s stdtehejt, “]fe djdlys`s djm `jterpretdt`aj ac mredhs...iarrespajms ta tfe salut`aj djm sepdrdt`aj ac tfe elehejts ny tfe dqud  perhdjejs.  perhd jejs.n` 

]fe Rsdlh`st ir`es aut ta Gam, “Hy saul tf`rstetf car tfee `j d mry djm tf`rsty ldjm wfere ja wdter `s‘ (Rs. 39;4, DS). Dlhast `j djswer ta tf`s iry, dj dlifeh`idl rei`pe car  salut`a  neg`js `js w`t f tfe se warm s, “@c tfau tf au ojawest oja west faw ta  salut`a   neg ha`stej tf`s mry edrtf w`tf `ts awj wdter, tfau w`lt laasej tfe pares ac tf`s

edrtf.‘ Kujg accers tfe callaw`jg `jterpre tdt`aj;

w

Kujg,

 Rsyifalagy djm

•'@n`m., pdr. 923.  

 

@c yau w`ll iajtehpldte yaur ldio ac cdjtdsy, ac `jsp`rdt`aj djm `jjer dl`ve' jess, wf`if yau ceel ds sfeer stdgjdt`aj djm d ndrrej w`lmerjess, djm `hpregjdte `t w`tf tfe `jterest narj ac dldrh dt yaur `jjer medtf, tfej sahetf`jg idj tdoe sfdpe `j yau, car yaur `jjer ehpt`jess iajiedls kust ds gredt d culljess `c ajly

yau w`ll dllaw `t ta pejetrdte `jta yau. @c yau prave reiept`ve ta tf`s “idll ac tfe w`lm,‘ tfe lajg`jg car culc`llhejt w`ll qu`ioej tfe ster`le w`lmerjess ac yaur saul ds rd`j qu`ioejs tfe mry edrtf. 3>   ]fe gredter  salut`a  salut`a   `s dj ejiaujter w`tf tfe  Juh`j  Juh`jasuh. asuh.   wf`if natf tests djm

estdnl`sfes tfe ega‑s reldt`aj ta tfe Yelc. Ds tfe claam hytfs tell us expl`i`tly, tfe claam iahes crah Gam? tfdt `s,  salut`a  salut`a iahes  iahes crah tfe Yelc. Wfdt `s wartf sdv`jg `j tfe ega `s sdvem. Wfdt `s jat wartf sdv`jg `s m`ssalvem djm heltem mawj `j armer ta  ne rei dst `j jew l`c e- car hs. ]fus , tfe ajga `jg l`c e pr aies s reje ws `ts elc. ]fe ega tfdt `s iahh`ttem ta tf`s trdjspersajdl praiess w`ll iaaperdte w`tf `t djm w`ll exper`ejie `ts awj m`h`j`sfhejt ds d prelume ta tfe iah`jg ac tfe ldrger persajdl`ty, tfe wfalejess ac tfe Yelc.

F

@n`m pdr. 402.  

 

 

 

Iadguldt`aj

ust ds idli`jd t`a  t`a `s tfe aperdt`aj ac tfe elehejt c`re,  salut`a  salut`a  tfe

K

 wdter aperdt`aj, djm  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`hdt`a  tfe aperdt`aj pertd`j`jg ta d`r, sa

iadguld``a nelajgs iadguld``a  nelajgs ta tfe syhnal`sh ac tfe elehejt edrtf. Ds w`tf dll tfe dlifeh`idl aperdt`ajs, iadguld``a iadguld``a  recers c`rst ac dll ta exper`ejie `j tfe ldnardtary. Iaal`jg idj turj d l`qu`m `jta d sal`m. D sal`m tfdt fds  nee j m `ss alv em ` j d sal vejt redp ped rs wfej tfe sal vej t ` s ev dpa rdt em. 4  Ar d ifeh`idl redit`aj hdy pr amuie d jew iahpaujm tfdt `s sal`m ” car c ar exdhple, tfe iadguldt`aj ac egg wf`te wfej `t `s fedtem. @j essejie, iadguld``a iadguld``a   `s tfe praiess tfdt turjs sahetf`jg `jta edrtf. “Edrtf‘ `s tfus aje ac tfe syjajyhs car tfe iadguld``a. iadguld``a.   @t `s fedvy djm perhdjejt, ac c`xem pas`t`aj djm

sfdpe. @t maesj‑t m`sdppedr `jta tfe d`r ny valdt`l`z`jg jar pl`djtly dmdpt `tselc ta tfe sfdpe ac djy iajtd`jer ds maes wdter. @ts carh djm laidt`aj dre c`xem. ]fus, car d psyif`i iajtejt ta neiahe edrtf hedjs tfdt `t fds neej iajiret`zem `j d pdrt`iuldr laidl`zem carh? tfdt `s, `t fds neiahe dttdifem ta dj ega (see ega  (see c`gure =-4). Iadguld``a   `s actej equdtem w`tf iredt`aj. ]fe ]urnd Rf`lasapfaruh sdys, “Gam fdtf Iadguld``a iredtem dll tf`jgs ny f`s warm, fdv`jg sd`m ujta tfeh; Ne, djm tfey were hdme w`tf tfe

caur atfer elehejts, edrtf, wdter, d`r, djm c`re, wf`if Fe iadguldtem.‘ >  Iertd`j iredt`aj hytfs use expl`i`t `hdges ac iadguldt`a. iadguldt`a. @j  @j tfe iashagajy ac tfe Jartf Dher`idj @jm`djs,

tfe warlm wds actej iredtem ny dj “edrtf m`ver‘ wfa nraugft up n`ts ac hum crah tfe meptfs ac tfe sed. 9   Car exdhple, d Iferaoee hytf sdys; “Ar`g`jdlly tfe dj`hdls were irawmem `jta tfe soy-warlm? everytf`jg wds claam nelaw. ]fe Wdter-Neetle wds sejt aj dj explardt`aj, djm

'^uldjm idlls tf`s “Iadguldt`aj ny Yegregdt`aj" djm sdys `t `s “wfej iertd`j part`ajs ne`jg segregdtem, tfe rest dre iajiretem. ]fe aperdt`aj hdy ne terhem Iajiret`aj. @t ▢ * percarhem w`tf fedt, wfereny tfe fuhaur `s evdpardtem, ar exfdlem, djm tfus tfe iduse ac clu`m`ty `s rehavem" (^uldjm.  D Lex`iaj ac Dlifehy, Dlifehy, p. 427). K Wd`te, trdjs., ]urfd Rf`lasapfaruh. p. >5.   j

 exdhple `s caujm `j El`dme,  Crah

Rr`h`t`ves ta [ej. p. 66. Rr`h`t`ves

 

 

C@GU^E = - @ Edrtf Jurses tfe  CF`us Rf`las Cug`ejs,  4346.)  Rf`lasapfaruh apfaruh (Hd`er,  Dtdldj`d Cug`ejs, 

dcter mdrt`jg dnaut aj tfe surcdie ac tfe wdters djm c`jm`jg ja rest, `t m`vem ta tfe meptfs, wfejie `t nraugft up d n`t ac hum, crah wf`if Edrtf mevelapem ny diiret`aj. Wfej tfe edrtf wds mry...tfe dj`hdls idhe mawj.‘ =  ]fere `s dj `jterest`jg iadguldt`a  `hdge `j F`jmu hytfalagy. Dcter tfe claam (salu``a) (salu``a) tfdt  tfdt mestrayem dll peaple exiept Hdju, tfe F`jmu Jadf, tfere wds jeem ta reiaver vdludnle tf`jg s last `j tfe meluge. “Gams djm gej`` ifurjem tfe aiedj ac h`lo, us`jg tfe gredt serpejt (Yesd-jdgd) ds d rape djm tfe Ylaw- Haujtd`j (Hdjmdrd) ds d ifurj`jg ram.‘ 5  Crah tf`s ifurj`jg  pr aies s vdr `au s ank eits iad gul dtem aut l`o e nut ter cra h ire dh. ]f`s sdhe

`hdge `s g`vej d psyifalag`idl dppl`idt`aj `j tfe Updj`sfdms. “L`oe tfe  nut ter f`m mej `j h`l o, Rur e Iajs i`a usj ess (v`kjdjdh; (v`kjdjdh; tfe  tfe stdte ac Dthdj ds Nrdfhdj, sfeer nl`ss) res`mes `j every ne`jg. @t `s ta ne iajstdjtly ifurjem, w`tf tfe h`jm serv`jg ds tfe ifurj`jg ram." 3   ]fe `med tfdt tfe warlm wds iadguldtem `jta ne`jg ny dj

‚Dlexdjmer. ]fe Hytfalagy ac Dll ^dies   42;32.   s

Mdj`elau, F`jmu Ralytfe`sh, p. 437.  

•[`hher, Rf`lasapf`es ac @jm`d,  p. 930.  

 

dg`tdt`jg ar ifurj`jg hat`aj `s dlsa expressem ny Djdx`hdjmer; “]fere wds dj eterjdl hat`aj, `j wf`if wds nraugft dnaut tfe ar`g`j ac tfe warlms.‘ 7  ]f`s “eterjdl hat`aj‘ wds tfaugft ac ds d vartex tdo`jg pldie `j tfe “naujmless‘ (dpe`raj), tfe  pr`hd hdter`d, hdter`d,  djm `s very s`h`ldr ta tfe F`jmu hytf. D h`mmle-dgem hdj wfa wds ga`jg tfraugf d hdkar rear`ejtdt`aj w`tf d

“sejse ac tfe alm armer pdss`jg dwdy‘ fdm tf`s mredh;    @t `s mdwj, tfe l`gft ac tfe r`s`jg suj kust kust eherg`jg. @ dh up ta hy wd`st `j d sunstdjie tfdt `s d h`xture ac nldio hum, sl`he, djm sf`t. ]fere `s ja aje else draujm djm tf`s nldio expdjse stretifes ta tfe far`zaj. @t `s l`oe tfe neg`jj`jg ac tfe warlm, tfe c`rst mdy ac iredt`aj. @ stdrt ta tfrdsf hy legs, ta ifurj `j tfe nldio hum w`tf gredt djm pers`stejt eccart. @ iajt`jue ma`jg tf`s car faurs djm slawly tfe pr`hevdl aaze neg`js ta fdrmej djm neiahe  c`rh.  @ jat`ie tfe suj suj `s r`s`jg r`s`jg `jta tfe ssoy oy djm `ts fedt `s mry mry`jg `jg up tfe wdter djm djm  prav`m`jg  prav`m`j g sal`m edrtf. @ d djt`i`pdt jt`i`pdtee ne`jg dnle dnle ta std stdjm jm aj c` c`rh rh graujm. graujm. ]fese hytfs tell us tfdt iadguldt`a  `s prahatem ny dit`aj (m`v`jg, ifurj`jg, wf`rl`jg hat`aj). ]fey iarrespajm ta wfdt Cdust ledrjem crah tfe

Yp`r`t ac Hepf`stapfeles; “@j tfe neg`jj`jg wds tfe meem.‘ 6   Rsyifalag`idlly tf`s hedjs tfdt dit`v`ty djm psyif`i havehejt prahate ega mevelaphejt. Expas`jg ajeselc ta tfe starh djm stress ac dit`aj, tfe ifurj ac redl`ty, sal`m`c`es tfe persajdl`ty. ]fe ]urnd Rf`lasapfaruh  g`ves tfe callaw`jg dlifeh`idl rei`pe car

iadguldt`a;  “]doe qu`ios`lver, iadguldte `j tfe namy ac   Hdgjes`d, `j Ouful (ledm), ar `j Yulpfur wf`if maes jat nurj? eti.‘ (m`ituh 44). ]f`s text fds d reiagj`zdnle ifeh`idl recerejie. @c heriury `s dhdlgdhdtem w`tf d ldrge qudjt`ty ac djatfer hetdl suif ds ledm, tfe dhdlgdh sal`m`c`es. Y`h`ldrly, heriury iahn`jes w`tf sulpfur ta carh sal`m heriury sulpf`me. Fawever, tfe recerejie ta sulpfur tfdt maes jat nurj hdoes `t iledr tfdt d psyif`i hedj`jg fds neej super`hpasem aj tfe ifeh`idl cdits. ]fe sunstdjie ta ne iadguldtem `s elus`ve qu`ios`lver. ]f`s `s tfe Yp`r`t Heriur`us dnaut wfah Kujg fds wr`ttej extejs`vely. 0   Essejt`dlly `t `s tfe dutajahaus sp`r`t ac tfe drifetypdl psyife, tfe pdrdmax`idl hdj`cestdt`aj ac  

tfe trdjspersajdl Yelc. ]a sunkeit tfe Yp`r`t Heriur`us ta iadguldt`a hedjs jatf`jg less tfdj tfe iajjeit`jg ac tfe ega w`tf tfe Yelc, tfe culc`llhejt ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. Lesser dspeits ac tfe elus`ve

‑Nurjet,  Edrly Greeo Rf`lasapfy, p. Rf`lasapfy, p. 5>.  5>.   "Gaetfe,  Cdust,  Cdust, pt.  pt. @, l`je 4>97.

‑•Zujg.  Dlifeh`idl Ytum`es, IW  49,   49, pdrs. >90cc.  

 

Heriur`us dppedr `j tfe ecceits ac dll dutajahaus iahplexes. ]fe dss`h`ldt`aj ac d iahplex `s tfus d iajtr`nut`aj ta tfe iadguldt`a ac tfe Yelc. ]fe text hejt`ajs tfree dgejts ac iadguldt`a; iadguldt`a;   hdgjes`d, ledm, djm sulpfur. Hdgjes`d fdm d m`ccerejt hedj`jg ta tfe dlifeh`sts tfdj `t maes ta us? `t wds d gejerdl terh recerr`jg ta vdr`aus irume hetdll`i ares ar `hpure h`xtures. 42   Rsyifalag`idlly tf`s iaulm recer ta tfe uj`aj ac tfe trdjspersajdl sp`r`t w`tf

arm`jdry fuhdj redl`ty. Rerfdps tf`s `s tfe hedj`jg ac Kujg‑s rehdro ds repartem  ny Dj` eld Kdcce; Kdc ce; “Wfe j Kujg, Kuj g, `j f`s e`gf t`e s, wds m`s iuss `jg dt f`s fause fau se tfe  pr aies s ac nei ah` jg iaj si` aus w`tf d grau p ac yau jg psyi f`d tr` sts ... fe ejm em w`tf tfe surpr`s`jg warms; ‚Djm tfej yau fdve ta ledrj ta neiahe meiejtly

ujiajsi`aus.‑‘ 44   ]fe jext dgejt ac iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   hejt`ajem `s ledm. Ledm `s fedvy, mull, djm nurmejsahe. @t `s dssai`dtem w`tf tfe pldjet Ydturj, wf`if idrr`es tfe qudl`t`es

ac

mepress`aj,

heldjifaly,

djm

gdll`jg

l`h`tdt`aj.

]fus,

cree,

dutajahaus sp`r`t hust ne iajjeitem w`tf fedvy redl`ty djm tfe l`h`tdt`ajs ac  per saj dl pdr t`i uld r`t y. @j djd lyt `i prd it` ie tf` s l`j odge w`tf ledm `s act ej diiahpl`sfem wfej tfe `jm`v`mudl tdoes persajdl respajs`n`l`ty car cleet`jg cdjtds`es djm `meds ny express`jg tfeh ta tfe djdlyst ar ta djatfer s`gj`c`idjt  per saj . @ t `s dst aj`s f`j g t a a nser ve tfe m`c cer eji e n etw eej dj `me d t fau gft djm dj

`med spaoej. @t‑s tfe m`ccer ejie e jie netweej heriury djm ledm (see c`gure =->). ]fe tf`rm iadguldt`jg dgejt hejt`ajem `s sulpfur. @ts yellaw ialar djm `jcldhhdn`l`ty dssai`dte `t w`tf tfe suj. Aj tfe atfer fdjm, `ts vdpars st`jo djm  nld ioej has t het dls sa tfd t nr` hst aje `s d ifdr dit er `st `i cedt ure ac fel l. Kuj g suhhdr`zes f`s hdstercul m`siuss`aj ac tfe syhnal`sh ac sulpfur `j  Hyster  Hyster`uh `uh Iart`ujit`aj`s w`tf tfese warms; Iart`ujit`aj`s w`tf Yulpfur represejts tfe dit`ve sunstdjie ac tfe suj ar, `j psyifalag`idl ldjgudge, tfe hat`ve cditar `j iajsi`ausjess;  iajsi`ausjess;  aj tfe aje fdjm tfe w`ll, wf`if idj  nes t ne reg drm em ds d myj dh` sh sun arm `jd tem ta iaj si` aus jess , djm aj tfe atfer fdjm iahpuls`aj, dj `jvalujtdry hat`vdt`aj ar `hpulse rdjg`jg crah here `jterest ta passess`aj praper. ]fe ujiajsi`aus myjdh`sh waulm iarrespajm ta sulpfur, car iahpuls`aj `s tfe gredt hystery ac fuhdj l`ce. @t `s tfe tfwdrt`jg ac aur iajsi`aus w`ll djm ac aur redsaj ny dj `jcldhhdnle elehejt w`tf`j us, dppedr`jg jaw ds d iajsuh`jg c`re djm jaw ds l`ce-g`v`jg wdrhtf. 4>  

@t `s pdrdmax`idl. “Ds tfe iarrupter `t fds dcc`j`ty w`tf tfe mev`l, wf`l e aj tfe 49

atfer fdjm `t dppedrs ds d pdrdllel ac Ifr`st.‘  ]fus, `c pdrt ac

l2

Yee ^uldjm.  D Lex`iaj ac Dlifehy,  Dlifehy,  “hdgjes`d" djm “hdrids`te."  

"Kdcce, ]fe Hytf ac Hedj`jg, p. Hedj`jg, p. 4=0.  4=0.   l>

Kujg,  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s, Iaj`ujit`aj`s, IW  4=,   4=, pdr. 454.  454.  

@K

@n`m., pdr. 459.

 

C@GU^E =-> Edgle Ifd`jem ta d Graujm Dj`hdl (Ytali`us, ^epr`jtem `j ^edm,  Rrelum  Rrelumee

S`r`mdr`uh Ifyh`iuh.  Ifyh`iuh. 43>=.

ta Ifeh` Ifeh`stry.) stry.)

tfe hedj`jg ac sulpfur `s mes`rausjess ” tfe t fe str`v`jg car pawer djm pledsure ” we we redif tfe iajilus`aj tfdt mes`re iadguldtes.  iadguldtes.  @j tfe Jew ]estdhejt tfe clesf `s expl`i`tly equdtem w`tf s`jcul mes`rausjess.

“Car dll tfdt `s `j tfe warlm, tfe lust ac tfe clesf djm tfe lust ac tfe eyes djm tfe  pr` me ac l`c e, `s jat ac tfe Cdt Cdtfer fer nut `s ac tfe warlm‘ war lm‘ (4 Kafj >;4 3, ^YS). L`oew`se, Rdul sd`m, “Jaw tfe waros ac tfe clesf dre hdj`cest, wf`if dre tfese; dmultery, carj`idt`aj, ujiledjjess, ldsi`v`ausjess, `maldtry, w`tifirdct, fdtrem, vdr`djie, ehuldt`ajs, wrdtf, str`ce, sem`t`ajs, feres`es, ejvy`jgs, hurmers, mrujoejjess,

revell`jgs. djm suif l`oe‘ (Gdl. 5;40 ->4, DS).  Jat ajl y `s mes` rau sjes s d ifdr dit er` st` i ac cle sf ” tfe t fe iadguldtem dspeit ac tfe  psyi fe ”   nut dls a mes` re `s sd`m ta `j` t`d te tfe `ji drj dt` jg pra iess . Car `js tdj ie, `jidrjdt`aj djm mes`re dre l`joem `j ]fe ]`netdj Naao ac tfe Medm. Wfej Medm. Wfej d saul `s dnaut ta ne re`jidrjdtem djm lamgem `j d wahn, `t fds v`s`ajs ac hdt`jg iauples djm `s averiahe ny `jtejse mes`re; `c d hdle, mes`re car tfe hatfer djm dvers`aj car tfe cdtfer, `c d cehdle, mes`re car tfe cdtfer djm dvers`aj car tfe hatfer. 4=  Kdian

Evdjs-Wejtz, em. ]fe ]`netdj Naao ac tfe Medm. pp. Medm. pp. xlv cc.

 

Naefhe, spedo`jg ac tfe hdj`cestdt`aj ac tfe m`v`je jdture, sdys; “]fe w`ll ny mes`r`jg iajtrdits djm neiahes sunstdjt`dl. ]fus mdrojess `s iredtem w`tf`j tfe w`ll, wf`le w`tfaut tfdt mes`re tfere waulm ne jatf`jg nut eterjdl st`lljess w`tfaut sunstdjt`dl`ty.‘ 45  D Jeapldtaj`i `hdge ac tfe `jidrjdt`aj ac tfe saul dlsa

sees `t ds hat`vdtem ny mes`re. “Laao`jg mawj crah tfdt f`gfest suhh`t djm  per pet udl l`g ft, djm fdv `jg w`tf seir et mes` re iaj tehp ldt em tfe dpp etej ie ac tf e

 nam y djm `ts ‚l` ce, ‑ sa - idllem aj edrtf, tfe saul ny tfe very we`gft ac tf`s `ts edrtfly tfaugft grdmudlly s`jos mawj `jta tfe jetfer warlm QQQQQQQ @j edif spfere (wf`if `t  pdss es) `t `s ila tfe m w`tf dj etf er` dl ejv ela phej t, sa tfd t ny tfe se `t `s `j std ges reiaji`lem ta tfe iahpdjy ac tf`s edrtfej gdrhejt. Djm tfus `t iahes tfraugf ds hdjy medtfs ds `t pdsses spferes ta wfdt fere aj edrtf `s idllem ‚l`ce.‑‘ 43   @j tf`s pdssdge tfe `jidrjdt`jg praiess `s l`joem w`tf mes`re, w`tf d mesiejt ar cdll crah fedvej, djm w`tf d putt`jg aj ac ilatfes. ]fe hat`c ac tfe cdll crah

fedvej neiduse ac pr`me ar pdss`aj gaes ndio ta Gejes`s 3;> (DS); “]fe sajs ac Gam sdw tfe mdugfters ac hej tfdt tfey were cd`r? djm tfey taao tfeh w`ves ac

dll wf`if tfey ifase.‘ Dlsa relevdjt `s Lui`cer‑s renell`aj djm cdll crah fedvej sa nedut`cully mesir`nem ny H`ltaj;

Fe trustem ta fdve equdl‑m tfe hast F`gf,   @c fe appasem? djm w`tf dhn`t`aus d`h Dgd`jst tfe ]fraje djm Hajdrify ac Gam ^d`s‑m `hp`aus Wdr `j

Fedv‑j djm Ndttel praum W`tf vd`j dttehpt. F`h tfe dlh`gfty Rawer Furl‑m fedmlajg cldh`jg crah tf‑ Etferedl Yo`e W`tf f`meaus ru`j djm iahnust`aj mawj ]a nattahless perm`t`aj, tfere ta mwell @j Dmdhdjt`je ifd`js djm pejdl C`re, 47

Wfa murst mec`e tf‑ Ahj`patejt ta Drhs.  

]f`s pdssdge iajtd`js idli`jdt`a  syhnal`sh, nut `ts hd`j recerejie `s ta iadguldt`a.   @t `s d hdgj`c`iejt mesir`pt`aj ac tfe `j`t`dl preiajsi`aus dit tfdt ldys iadguldt`a. tfe caujmdt`aj ac tfe ega. Djgels ar tfe`r equ`vdlejts st`ll cdll crah fedvej `j hamerj mredhs (see c`gure =-9). D yaujg wahdj wfa fdm d meceit`ve ega mevelaphejt ” d gdp `j dwdrejess ac fer ceh`j`je `mejt`ty ” fdm f dm tf`s mredh edrly `j fer djdlys`s;

ls

Naefhe, “Carty Tuest`ajs,‘ quatem `j  Rersajdl Ifr`st`dj`ty; ]fe Maitr`je Maitr`je ac Kdian Naefhe. p. Naefhe. p. 66.  

l

Hdiran`us,  @j Yahj. Yi`p., quatem Yi`p., quatem `j Kajds, ]fe Gjast`i ^el`g`aj, p. ^el`g`aj, p. 456.

l7

H`ltaj, “Rdrdm`se Last," `j  H`ltaj; Iahplete Raetry djm Yeleitem Yeleitem Rrase, Rrase, no.  no. 44, l`jes =2-=0.

 

 

]fe

 Cdll ac tfe ^enel DjgelsÏYÁcN  ^`ifes  ^`ifes Feu Feures res mu M Mui ui m mee Nerr Nerry. y. Ifdjt`lly, Husàe

Iajmà.) 

 

(Dnnrev`dtem)  @ wds idllem ta tfe w`jmaw ta wdtif d pfejahejaj `j tfe soy. Ds @ wdtifem tfe haaj @ sdw djatfer namy eherge crah nef`jm `t   ” l`oe l`oe d seiajm haaj. Yummejly tfe seiajm namy negdj ta explame `j speitdiuldr ialars tfdt laaoem ¡`oe dj  F- nahn explas`aj. @ tfaugft we were wdtif`jg tfe n`rtf ac d jew suj. Dll dt ajie, mur`jg djatfer explas`ve evejt, d p`eie ac tfe jew namy wds tfrawj `jta spdie djm ldjmem `j aur dpdrthejt. We rdj aut ds cdst ds we iaulm, ne`jg dcrd`m tfdt `t h`gft ne rdm`adit`ve. ]f`s mredh ejiaurdgem he ta persevere `j d slaw djm m`cc`iult tferdpeut`i praiess. Dj `hpartdjt cedture ac `t wds tfe grdmudl mevelaphejt ac tfe idpdi`ty ta reldte cully ta d hdj. Mredhs ac pldjes irdsf`jg ar ankeits cdll`jg gejerdlly recer ta iadgu- ldt`a.  ldt`a.  Car `jstdjie, d hdj wfa wds `j tfe praiess ac mevelap`jg d hare dutfejt`i reldt`aj ta f`s rel`g`aj fdm tf`s mredh;  @ dh `j h`mtawj Hdjfdttdj. ]dll nu`lm`jgs nu`lm`jgs dre ne`jg rdzem. D fuge naulme naulmerr crah tfe lap ac aje ac tfe nu`lm`jgs iahes irdsf`jg ta tfe graujm, dlhast f`tt`jg he.

]fe mredher‑s dssai`dt`aj ta tfe naulmer wds Reter, tfe raio upaj wf`if Ifr`st  nu` lt f `s ifu rif (Hdt t. 4 3;4 6). Rsyifatferdpeut`i

exper`ejie

ver`c`es

tfe

`med

tfdt

mes`re

prahates

iadguldt`a. Car iadguldt`a.  Car tfase wfa dre dlredmy mr`vej ny mes`rausjess, iadguldt`a `s jat tfe aperdt`aj

jeemem.

Fawever,

hdjy

pdt`ejts

fdve

dj

`jdmequdte

l`n`ma

`jvesthejt, d wedojess ac mes`re sahet`hes narmer`jg aj djfe- maj`d. Yuif

 peaple  pea ple maj ‑t oja w wfd t tfe y wdj t djm dre dcr d`m ac tfe`r tf e`r awj mes` res . ]fe y dre l`oe ujnarj sauls `j fedvej sfr`jo`jg crah tfe cdll `jta iajirete redl`ty. ]fese  pea ple jeem ta iul t` vdt e tfe `r mes `re s ”   seeo tfeh, jaur`sf tfeh, djm dit aj tfeh. Ajly tfus w`ll psyif`i ejergy ne han`l`zem tfdt w`ll prahate l`ce exper`ejie

djm

ega

mevelaphejt.

@j

psyifatferdpy,

tfe

ehergejie

ac

trdjscerejie mes`res w`ll actej `jm`idte tfe neg`jj`jg ac d iadguldt`a iadguldt`a praiess  praiess djm tferecare sfaulm ne tredtem w`tf idre. ]fe lure ac mes`re `s tfe  sweet  sweetjess jess   ac culc`llhejt. Fajey ds tfe suprehe exdhple ac sweetjess `s tferecare dj dgejt ac iadguldt`a. Rdrdielsus sdys tfdt

“tfe pr`he hdtter ac fajey `s tfe sweetjess ac tfe edrtf wf`if res`mes `j jdturdll y graw`jg tf`jgs.‘ Djm dgd`j, fajey “`s tfe pr`he hdter`dl`zem hdtter, 46

car fajey djm wdx dre aje.‘   Diiarm`jg ta tfe dlifeh`st Marj‑s rei`pe car

 ka` j`j g t fe s p`r `t (uj`a hejtdl`s) w`tf hejtdl`s) w`tf

'"Rdrdielsus. ]fe Ferhet`i djm Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ac Rdrdielsus  >;7= 

 

tfe namy, aje ac tfe requ`rem dgejts `s fajey.¿ 0   Kujg sdy* ac Marj‑s use ac fajey;   ]fereny tfe h`xture diqu`rem tfe praperty jat ajly ac el`h`jdt`jg `hpur`t`es nut ac ifdjg`jg sp`r`t `jta namy, djm `j v`ew ac tfe prapasem iajkujit`aj ac tfe sp`r`t

djm tfe namy tf`s seehem d pdrt`iuldrly prah`s`jg s`gj. ]a ne sure, tfe “sweetjess ac tfe edrtf‘ wds jat w`tfaut `ts mdjgers, car dt we fdve seej... tfe fajey iaulm ifdjge `jta d medmly pa`saj. Diiarm`jg ta Rdrdielsus `t iajtd`js “]drtdruh,‘ wf`if ds `ts jdhe `hpl`es fds ta ma w`tf Fdmes. Curtfer, ]drtdruh `s d “idli`jem Ydturj‘ djm iajsequejtly fdm dcc`j`t`es w`tf tf`s hdlec`i pldjet. >2   Fajey, neiduse ac `ts preservdt`ve qudl`t`es, wds iajs`merem ny tfe dji`ejts ta ne d hem`i`je ac `hhartdl`ty djm fdm d Euifdr`st`i use `j sahe edrly Ifr`st`dj iahhuj`t`es. >4   @j hamerj mredhs, d recerejie ta sweets (idjmy, idoe, iaao`es, djm sa cartf) usudlly `jm`idtes d regress`ve tejmejiy tawdrm if`lm`sf pledsure- seeo`jg tfdt requ`res remuit`ve `jterpretdt`aj (hart`c`idt`a ( hart`c`idt`a). ). Aiids`ajdlly, fawever, `t pa`jts ta dj dutfejt`i jeem car iadguldt`a. Iadguldt`a `s actej res`stem neiduse `t `s celt ta ne hardlly dhn`guaus djm dpt ta ledm aje `jta pd`j djm iajcl`it. ]fe ildss`i pratest `s

tfdt ac Fdhlet; “A. tfdt t f`s taa taa sal`m clesf waulm helt,/]fdw djm resalve iadguldt`a `s  `s expl`i`tly dssai`dtem `tselc ev`l. `jta d]f`s mew‘`s(Dit 4, si. >, l`je @j cdit, iadguldt`a w`tf mehajstrdtem ny 4>0). tfe dlifeh`idl iajjeit`aj ac iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   w`tf Ydturj, tfe hdlec`i pr`ji`ple. A je text sdys, “tfe iadguldt`aj (tdoes pldie) `j Ydturj.‘ >>   Diiarm`jg ta Kdian Naefhe, “Ydturj, tfdt ialm, sfdrp, dustere djm dstr`jgejt regejt, tdoetf `ts neg`jj`jg djm ar`g`jdl jat crah tfe suj? car Ydturj fdtf `j `ts pawer tfe ifdhner ac medtf, djm `s d mr`er up ac dll pawers, crah wfejie iarpare`ty ex`stetf. Car ds tfe suj `s tfe fedrt ac l`ce, djm dj ar`g`jdl ac dll sp`r`ts `j tfe namy ac tf`s warlm, sa Ydturj `s d neg`jjer ac dll iarpare`ty djm iah-

 pre fejs `n` l`t l`tyy ar pdl pdn` l`t y‘ >9   (see c`gure =-=). ]fe utterly hdl`gj jdture ac Ydturj `s expressem ny Ifduier wfa fds Ydturj sdy; Hy iaurse, wf`if fds sa w`me d wdy ta turj. Fds pawer hare tfdj djy hdj hdy ojaw. H`je `s tfe mrawj`jg `j tfe sed nelaw? H`je `s tfe mujgeaj ujmerjedtf tfe hadt? H`je `s tfe fdjg`jg djm strdjgl`jg ny tfe tfradt?

'‑Kujg,  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit `aj `s. IW  4=.   4=. pdr. 369.   “@n`m.. pdr. 367.   E`sler, Arpfeus tfe C`sfer, pp. C`sfer,  pp. >=>cc. ;k

Najus ac Cerrdrd, ]fe Jew Redrt

ac Gredt Rr`ie, p. Rr`ie,  p. =>3. u Naefhe,

 

 

C@GU^E =-= ]fe Ytaje ac Ydturj (Hd`er,  Dtdldj  Dtdldjtd td Cu Cug`ejs, g`ejs,   4346.)

^enell`aj, djm tfe ndse irawm‑s hurhur`jg,   ]fe gradj`jg djm tfe pr`vdte pa`saj`jg. Djm vejgedjie djm dheriehejt ” dll d ll dre h`je,

Wf`le yet @ mwell w`tf`j tfe L`aj‑s s`gj.   H`je `s tfe ru`j`jg ac dll f`gf fdlls. Djm tuhnl`jg mawj ac tawers djm ac wdlls Upaj tfe h`jer djm tfe idrpejter. 4 struio mawj Ydhsaj, tfdt p`lldr sfdoer? Djm h`je dre dll tfe hdldm`es sa ialm, ]fe tredsajs mdro, tfe hdif`jdt`ajs alm? Hy gldjie `s cdtfer ac dll pest`lejie. >=   Y`jie djt`qu`ty tfere fds neej d tejmejiy ta equdte hdtter w`tf ev`l. ]f`s redifem `ts extrehe `j iertd`j Gjast`i seits. ]fe cdll ac tfe saul crah `ts `hhartdl stdte `jta  nam `l y car h `s dls a act ej l`j oem w`t f d pr` hdl ir` he. Car `js tdj ie, Ehpe mai les mesir`nes `hhartdl sp`r`ts iajmehjem ta `jidrjdt`aj neiduse ac v`alejie djm perkury?

“Wfej aje ac tfe m`v`je sp`r`ts wfase part`aj `s lajg l`ce s`jcully std`js f`s awj l`hns w`tf nlaamsfem, djm callaw`jg Fdte fds swarj d cdlse adtf ” tfese t fese hust

>=

Ifduier, “]fe Oj`gft‑s ]dle,‘ `j

Idjternury ]dles, pp.

36c.

 

IADGULD]/A

wdjmer car tfr`ie tej tfausdjm sedsajs cdr crah tfe iahpdjy ac tfe nlessem, ne`jg  nar j t fra ugf aut tfe per `am `jt a dl l o `jm s a c h art dl sfdpes, wf`if exifdjge aje fdrm wdy ac l`ce car djatfer QQQQQQQQ QQQQQQ Ac t f`s juhner dh @ taa jaw, d cug`t`ve crah fedvej djm d wdjmerer, neiduse @ trustem `j

rdg`jg Fdte.‘ >5   Diiarm`jg ta dji`ejt legejm, nef`jm tfe iredt`aj ac fuhdj ne`jgs wds d ir`he ac tfe ]`tdjs. Wf`le pldy`jg w`tf tfe `jcdjt M`ajysus, tfey m`shehnerem, na`lem, djm dte f`h ” ddll ll exiept tfe fedrt, wf`if wds resiuem ny [eus. @j puj`sfhejt, [eus iajsuhem tfe ]`tdjs ny l`gftj`jg djm usem tfe`r dsfes ta iredte tfe fuhdj rdie.

]fus tfe “]`tdj`i edrtf," iajtd`j`jg sidtterem pdrt`iles ac tfe fedvejly M `ajysus,  nei dhe tfe ild y ca r f uhd j iadguldt`a ” d hdter`dl mer`vem crah d pr`hdl ir`he. Rrahetfeus, wfa tdugft fuhdjs faw ta tr`io tfe gams djm tdoe tfe nest part`aj ac tfe sdir`c`i`dl dj`hdl car tfehselves, nraugft c`re ta peaple ny tfect djm wds  puj `sf em ny iadguldt`a ”   ne` jg ifd` jem ta d rai o (se e c`g ure =- 5) . Y`h `ld rly , Dmd h djm Eve were expellem crah tfe pdrdm`sdl, pre-ega iajm`t`aj dcter tfe ir`he ac edt`jg tfe carn`mmej cru`t. ]fese exdhples mehajstrdte tfdt ega mevelaphejt `s dssai`dtem w`tf tfe exper`ejie ac ev`l, ir`h`jdl`ty, djm gu`lt. ]fus, iajsi`ausjess

ac aje‑s awj ev`l” tfdt t fdt `s, dwdrejess ac tfe sfdmaw ” iadguldtes. i adguldtes. ]f`s idj ne seej ds tfe psyifalag`idl hedj`jg ac Ifr`st‑s stdtehejt, “^es`st jat ev`l‘ (Hdtt. 5;90, DS). @t `s jeiessdry ta ledve raah car ev`l `c aje `s ta iajtr`nute ta tfe redl warlm.

]fus Kujg wrate ta ^`ifdrm W`lfelh; “Pau dre taa `hpartdjt  ta   ta aur Westerj warlm, @ hust oeep aj tell`jg yau tf`s. Pau hustj‑t helt dwdy ar atferw`se m`sdppedr, ar get `ll, nut w`ioem mes`res sfaulm p`j yau ta tfe edrtf sa yaur waro idj ga aj.‘ >3   We dll ojaw tfe pfrdse, “Fe wds taa gaam car tf`s warlm.‘ Yd`jtly djm sp`r`tudl peaple actej ma fdve d sfart l`ce. @j tfe pdst tfey actej m`em ac tuneriulas`s. @t `s mdjgeraus ta ne aje-s`mem, evej aje-s`mem `j gaamjess. Mredhs actej dllume ta tfe ir`h`jdl dspeit ac egafaam. Rresuh`jg ta tdoe aj w`ll djm iajsi`ausjess hdy ne p`iturem ds d tfect. Mdr`jg ta callaw dj `jjer dutfar`ty hdy ne p`iturem ds tfe hurmer ac d prakeitem dutfar`ty, perfdps d  pdr r`i `me . Ne`j g dj ega `s `je xtr `idn ly iaj jeit em w`tf gu` lt, wf` if `s puj `sf em ny iadguldt`a ”iaj c`jehej c`j ehej t w`tf`j w`t f`j tfe l`h`t l` h`tss ac aje ‑s per sajdl saj dl red l`t y (su (sugge gge stem ny tfe hat`c ac ifd`js djm `hpr`sajhejt). Dltfaugf iadguldt`a iadguldt`a `s  `s d gu`lt-ldmej praiess, diiarm`jg ta aje text `t iaj td`js `ts awj idpdi`ty car remehpt`aj. “Ledm s`gj`c`es tfe vexdt`ajs djm traunles wferew`tf Gam v`s`ts us djm nr`jgs us ndio ta repejtdjie. Car ds ledm nurjs up djm rehaves dll tfe `hperceit`ajs ac

>Y

Ehpimailes,  Rur`c`idt`ajs,  Rur`c`idt`ajs, cr.  cr. 445, quatem `j Creehdj,  Dji`t`d ta tfe Rre-Yairdt`i Rf` las apfe rs,   p. p. 35. >

Kujg,  Letters  Letters 4;39.  4;39.

 

 

C@GU^E =-5 jiyilape `  ]fe ]arture ac Rrahetfeus (Haredu. ^epr`jtem `j  Ldraus  Ldrausse se E jiyilape  Hytfalagy.)  Hytfala gy.)

.. kk  

 

hetdls...sa l`oew`se tr`nuldt`aj `j tf`s l`ce iledjses us crah tfe hdjy nleh`sfes

wf`if we fdve `jiurrem; wferecare Yt. Dhnrase idll* `t tfe oey ac fedvej.‘ >7   Iadguldt`a `s Iadguldt`a  `s gejerdlly callawem ny atfer praiesses, hast actej ny hart`c`idl`a hart`c`idl`a djm  djm  putrecdil`a.  putrecd il`a.   Wfdt fds neiahe cully iajiret`zem `s jaw sunkeit ta trdjscarhdt`aj. @t fds neiahe tr`nuldt`aj idll`jg aut car trdjsiejmejie. ]f`s `s faw we idj ujmerstdjm tfe stdtehejts ac tfe Dpastle Rdul l`jo`jg namy djm clesf w`tf medtf;

“Wfa sfdll mel`ver he crah tfe namy ac tf`s medtf1‘ (^ah. 7;>=, DS). Djm, “Car `c ye l`ve dcter tfe clesf, ye sfdll m`e; nut `c ye tfraugf tfe Yp`r`t ma hart`cy tfe meems

ac tfe namy, ye sfdll l`ve‘ (^ah. 6;49, DS). Djm dgd`j, “Car tfase wfa l`ve diiarm`jg ta tfe clesf set tfe`r h`jms aj tfe tf`jgs ac tfe clesf, nut tfase wfa l`ve diiarm`jg ta tfe Yp`r`t set tfe`r h`jms aj tfe tf`jgs ac tfe Yp`r`t. ]a set tfe h`jm aj tfe clesf `s medtf, nut ta set tfe h`jm aj tfe Yp`r`t `s l`ce djm pedie. Car tfe h`jm

tfdt `s set aj tfe clesf `s fast`le ta Gam? `t maes jat sunh`t ta Gam‑s ldw, `jmeem `t idjjat? djm tfase wfa dre `j tfe clesf idjjat pledse Gam‘ (^ah. 6;5 -6, ^YS). ]fe namy djm clesf dre `mejt`c`em w`tf medtf neiduse djytf`jg tfdt `s narj `jta spdt`a-tehpardl ex`stejie hust sunh`t ta tfe l`h`tdt`ajs ac tfdt ex`stejie, wf`if `jilume dj ejm, medtf. ]f`s `s tfe pr`ie ac ne`jg redl. Ajie d iajtejt fds cully iadguldtem ar `jidrjdtem `t neiahes l`celess w`tf ja curtfer pass`n`l`t`es car grawtf.

Ehersaj expresses tf`s `med; “L`ce ajly dvd`ls, jat tfe fdv`jg l`vem. Rawer iedses `j tfe `jstdjt ac repase? `t res`mes `j tfe hahejt ac trdjs`t`aj crah d pdst ta d jew stdte, `j tfe sfaat`jg ac tfe gulc, `j tfe mdrt`jg ta dj d`h. ]f`s aje cdit tfe warlm fdtes? tfdt tfe saul neiahes? neiahes?   car tfdt carever megrdmes tfe pdst, turjs dll r`ifes ta  pav ert y, dll rep utd t`a j ta sfdh e, iaj cauj ms tfe sd`j t w`t f tfe rag ue, sfa ves Kes us

djm Kumds equdlly ds`me.‘ >6   Dcter cull iadguldt`a  tfe  putrec iadguldt`a tfe  putrecdit`a dit`a   callaws. “Car fe wfa saws ta f`s awj clesf w`ll crah tfe clesf redp iarrupt`aj? nut fe wfa saws ta tfe Yp`r`t w `ll crah tfe Yp`r`t redp eterjdl l`ce‘ (Gdl. 3;6, ^YS). Dj dlifeh`idl text

 p`i os up tfe sdhe sdh e t fehe; feh e; “]f e l`aj l `aj , tfe lawe r s uj, gra ws i arr upt   tfraugf tfe clesf QQQQ ]fus `s tfe l`aj iarruptem `j f`s jdture tfraugf f`s clesf, wf`if callaws tfe t`hes ac tfe haaj, djm `s eil`psem. Car tfe haaj `s tfe sfdmaw ac tfe suj, djm w`tf iarrupt`nle nam`es sfe `s iajsuhem, djm tfraugf fer iajsuhpt`aj `s tfe l`aj eil`psem w`tf tfe felp ac tfe ha`sture ac Heriur`us, yet f`s eil`pse `s ifdjgem ta useculjess djm ta d netter jdture, djm aje hare perceit tfdj

tfe c`rst.‘ >0   ]fe l`aj ar lawer suj `s tfe tfer`aharpf`i dspeit ac hdsiul`je iajsi`ausjess ” tfe t fe ega `jidrjdtem `j pr`me djm iajiup`siejie. ]fe text

•‑‑Tuatem `j  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s. Iaj`ujit`aj`s. IW  4=,   4=, pdr. =7>j. "Ehersaj, “Yelc ^el`djie,‘ `j ]fe Wr`t`jgs ac ^dlpf Wdlma Ehersaj, p. Ehersaj, p. 456.  J 

 Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s, Iaj`ujit`aj`s, IW  4=,   4=, pdr. >4.  >4.  

 

tells us tfdt `t `s ta ne iarruptem “tfraugf f`s clesf, wf`if callaws tfe t`hes ac tfe haaj.‘ Iarrupt`aj `s `jferej t `j clesf, djm natf dre prahatem ny tfe haaj. ]f`s dllumes ta tfe cdit tfdt jat ajly Ydturj nut dlsa tfe haaj gaverj iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   (see c`gure =-3). Diiarm`jg ta dji`ejt tf`jo`jg tfe haaj, ds tfe “pldjet‘ ilasest ta edrtf, wds tfe gdtewdy netweej tfe ielest`dl djm tfe edrtfly redlhs. Dll sp`r`tudl ejt`t`es aj tfe wdy ta ehnam`hejt were cujjelem tfraugf tfe haaj wfere tfey were

hdter`dl`zem. Kdian Naefhe sdys; “]fe sevejtf carh `s idllem Lujd ...tfe praperty ac dll tfe s`x carhs l`es tfere`j, djm `t `s ds d iarparedl ne`jg ac dll tfe rest?...car tfe atfer carhs ma dll idst tfe`r mes`re tfraugf Yal `jta Lujd? car `j Yal tfey dre sp`r`tudl djm `j Lujd iarparedl... wfdtever tfe suj `s, djm hdoes `j tfe sp`r`t-l`ce `j `tselc, tfe sdhe Lujd `s, djm hdoes iarparedl `j `tselc.‘ 92   Lujd‑s dssai`dt`aj ta iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   `jm`idtes tfdt tfe ldtter `s gaverjem ny tfe ceh`j`je pr`ji`ple. ]f`s `s dlsa `jm`idtem  ny tfe ceh` j`j e j dtu re ac edr tf, hdt ter (hdter), (hdter), djm  djm tfe cdit tfdt we idj ne `jidrjdtem ajly tfraugf d ceh`j`je wahn. Djy spei`c`i carh, hdj`cestdt`aj, ar struiture tfdt sal`m`c`es aur l`ce ejerg`es

C@GU^E =-3

S`rg`j djm If`lm aj Iresiejt Haaj (MArer. ^epr`jtem `j Rdjacsoy¿ djm Dj ac  Dlnreift  Dlnrei ft M``rer.) M``rer.) 

‑“Naefhe, ]fe Y`gjdture ac Dll ]f`jgs, pp. ]f`jgs, pp. 03cc.  03cc.  

je L` ke 

 

`jta pdrt`iuldr, iajirete express`aj `s ac tfe jdture ac wahdj. Iaujtry, ifurif, iahhuj`ty, `jst`tut`aj, cdh`ly, vaidt`aj, dvaidt`aj, persajdl reldt`ajsf`p ” dll d ll ejl`st aur iahh`thejt v`d tfe ceh`j`je pr`ji`ple. Evej dppdrejt dnstrdit`ajs suif ds si`ejie, w`smah, trutf, neduty, l`nerty (see c`gure =-7,  L`nerty Ledm`jg tf tfee Reap Reaple), le),   djm sa cartf, wfej tfey dre servem `j d iajirete djm redl`st`i wdy, dre exper`ejiem ds persaj`c`idt`ajs ac tfe ceh`j`je. Kujg fds mec`jem tfe ceh`j`je pr`ji`ple ds tfe  pr` ji` ple ac rel dtem jes s. ]fus we idj sdy, reldt`ajsf`p iadguldtes. ]f`s `s d very `hpartdjt cdit car psyifatferdpy djm wdrrdjts sahe m`siuss`aj. We ojaw crah il`j`idl waro tfe pracaujm ecceit tfdt if`lmfaam exper`ejie djm  per saj dl rel dt` ajsf `ps w`tf pdr ejt s fdv e aj tfe eher g`j g per saj dl` ty ac tf e if` lm.

We dlsa ojaw crah suif idses ds tfe “walc if`lmrej‘ tfdt `c dj `jcdj t ldios dj ejv`rajhejt ac fuhdj reldt`ajsf`p, ja fuhdj persajdl`ty mevelaps. @j suif idses ja ega dppedrs. ]fe sdhe tf`jg fdppejs `j tfase aiids`ajdl idses ac d if`lm laioem `j d raah car yedrs djm tatdlly rekeitem ny `ts pdrejts. ]fe if`lm s`hply rehd`js dj dj`hdl. Y`h`ldrly, `j idses wfere d pdrejt c`gure fds neej last dt dj edrly dge djm jat dmequdtely repldiem, d o`jm ac fale `s lect `j tfe

 

C@GU^E =-7 L`nerty Ledm`jg tfe Reaple (Meldira`x. Rdr`s , tfe Lauvre. ^epr`jtem `j Irdvej.  D ]redsury ac Drt Hdsterp`eies.) 

 

 psy ife . Dj `hp art djt drif etyp dl `hd ge fds jat ujm erg aje per saj dl` zd t`a j ar iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   tfraugf d persajdl reldt`ajsf`p djm fejie retd`js d naujmless djm pr`harm`dl pawer tfdt tfredtejs ta `jujmdte tfe ega `c `t `s dppradifem. Aj tfe atfer fdjm tfere dre pdt`ejts wfa, `j sp`te ac severe mepr`vdt`aj dt tfe fdjms ac tfe pdrejts, were dnle ta c`jm dj `hpartdjt reldt`ajsf`p w`tf sahe hdrg`jdl c`gure `j tfe`r if`lmfaam. @t hdy fdve neej d hd`m, dj dujt, d tedifer, ar d grdjmpdrejt wfa wds dnle ta reldte geju`jely ta tfe if`lm djm fejie hem`dte djm persajdl`ze dj drifetypdl `hdge. @j tfese idses tfe

 pdr ejt ejtdl dl `jd mequ di`es, di` es, dltfau dlt fau gf mdhdg` mdh dg`jg, jg, were wer e jat cdt dl ta tfe if` lm‑s lm‑ s mevelaphejt neiduse dj dlterjdte saurie ac fuhdj reldtemjess fdm neej caujm. Yuif `saldtem pas`t`ve reldt`ajsf`ps hdy fdve ldstem ajly d sfart t`he, nut tfe`r ecceits seeh ta ne `jiarpardtem perhdjejtly `jta tfe graw`jg persajdl`ty. Il`j`idl exper`ejie sfaws tfdt tfe `jm`v`mudl redl`zes djm reldtes ta ajly tfase dspeits ac tfe pdrejtdl drifetypes tfdt fdve neej ejiaujterem `j  per saj dl rel dt` ajs f`p s. ]fdt pdrt ac tf e drif etyp e tfd t tfe  pdr ejt ejt‑s ‑s  per saj dl` ty `s dnl e ta dit` vdt e, hem` dte , djm ehn amy w`l l ne tfe pdr t tfd t tfe if`lm idj `jiarpardte hast eds`ly djm nu`lm `jta `ts awj persajdl`ty. ]fdt pdrt ac tfe drifetype ta wf`if tfe pdrejt fds ja reldt`aj w`ll ne lect ldrgely ujredl`zem `j tfe redlh ac eterjdl carhs, jat yet `jidrjdtem `j tfe if`lm's f`stary. ]fe wfale edrly praiess ac `jm`v`mudl psyif`i mevelaphejt ” tfe t fe ega eherg`jg crah `ts ar`g`jdl stdte ac ajejess w`tf tfe ankeit`ve psyife ”  idj   idj  ne iajs `me rem d pra iess ac iadguldt`a. iadguldt`a.   ]fe exper`ejie djm iajsi`aus redl`zdt`aj ac tfe `jjdte drifetypdl `hdges praieems ajly ny ejiaujter`jg tfeh `jidrjdtem `j iajirete, persajdl carhs. Jeuhdjj dllumes ta tf`s cdit wfej fe spedos ac tfe jeiessdry pfdse ac seiajmdry persajdl`zdt`aj. Iajierj`jg tf`s fe wr`tes; ]f`s pr`ji`ple _ac seiajmdry persajdl`zdt`ajX falms tfdt tfere `s d pers`stejt tejmejiy `j hdj ta tdoe pr`hdry djm trdjspersajdl iajtejts ds seiajmdry djm persajdl, djm ta remuie tfeh ta persajdl cditars. Rersajdl`zdt`aj `s m`reitly iajjeitem w`tf tfe grawtf ac tfe ega, ac iajsi`ausjess djm ac `jm`v`mudl`ty... tfraugf wf`if...tfe ega eherges crah tfe tarrejt ac trdjspersajdl djm ialleit`ve evejts....Yeiajmdry persajdl`zdt`aj nr`jgs d stedmy meiredse `j tfe ecceit`ve pawer ac tfe trdjspersajdl djm d stedmy `jiredse `j tfe `hpartdjie ac tfe ega djm persajdl`ty. 94  

]f`s mesir`nes iadguldt`a. iadguldt`a.   wfereny drifetypdl iajtejts cdll aut ac fedvej djm dre ega`zem. If`lmfaam persajdl reldt`ajsf`p iadguldtes tfe drifetypes nut dlsa l`h`ts djm m`starts tfeh. @c tfe pdrt`iuldr dspeits tfdt fdve neej iadguldtem dre taa aje-s`mely jegdt`ve ar atferw`se `j`h`idl ta grawtf tfey

ZJeuhdjj, ]fe Ar`g`js djm F`stary ac Iajsi`ausjess,  p. 993.  

 

w`ll fdve ta ne nraoej up djm ne reiadguldtem ujmer hare cdvardnle i`riuhstdjies. D wahdj wfa fdm suif dj exper`ejie fdm tf`s mredh; Yfe sees caur squdre iajirete sldns w`tf i`riles `j tfeh. ]fey dre irdioem djm nraoej. D va`ie sdys. “ ]fese dre yaur errajeaus dtt`tumes dnaut ceh`j`j`ty wf`if dre jaw mestrayem." Iadguldt`a `s prahatem ny dj dit`ve, respajs`ve, pdrt`i`pdt`jg dppradif aj Iadguldt`a `s tfe pdrt ac tfe psyifatferdp`st. Iertd`j pdt`ejts requ`re tf`s dppradif djm dre tfredtejem ny djytf`jg tfdt ejiaurdges  salut`a.  salut`a. ]fe  ]fe extrehe idse ac cd`lure ac tfe drifetypdl `hdges ta neiahe iajiret`zem `s caujm `j avert sif`zapfrej`d. ]fe ega `s l`terdlly `jujmdtem ny naujmless, pr`harm`dl, drifetypdl `hdges. Yuif dj `jm`v`mudl fds fdm `jdmequdte appartuj`ty ta exper`ejie tfe drifetypes hem`dtem djm persajdl`zem tfraugf fuhdj reldt`ajsf`ps. ]fe v`tdl jeem car tfe persajdl`zdt`aj ac tfe drifetype diiaujts car tfe wdy `j wf`if hdjy pdt`ejts il`jg anst`jdtely ta tfe`r ar`g`jdl exper`ejie ac tfe pdrejts. @c, car `jstdjie, tfere fds neej d ldrgely jegdt`ve, mestruit`ve  pdr ejt dl exp er` eji e, tfe pdt `ej t hdy c`j m `t ver y m`c c`i ult ta dii ept djm ejmure d pas`t`ve pdrejt exper`ejie. @ fdve gattej tfe m`st`jit `hpress`aj tfdt d persaj w`ll pers`st `j, sdy, d jegdt`ve ar`ejtdt`aj ta tfe cdtfer drifetype s`hply neiduse tfdt `s tfe dspeit ac tfe `hdge wf`if fds neej iadguldtem   `j f`s ar fer awj l`ce djm tferecare fds dj elehejt ac sdcety djm seiur`ty, evej tfaugf `t `s jegdt`ve. Car suif d persaj ta ejiaujter tfe pas`t`ve dspeit ac tfe drifetype `s tfredtej`jg neiduse, s`jie tf`s s`me fds jever neej  per saj dl` zem, `t idr r`e s d trd js pers ajd l hdgj `tu me tfd t tfr edt ejs ta m`ss alv e tfe estdnl`sfem naujmdr`es ac tfe ega. Eh`ly M`io`jsaj mesir`nes tfdt stdte ac dccd`rs; @ idj wdme Gr`ec   ”   Wfale paals ac `t ”  

@‑h usem ta tfdt”   Nut tfe ledst pusf ac Kay Nredos up hy ceet ”   Djm @ t`p-mrujoej ”   Let ja Rennle-sh`le ”   ]wds tfe Jew L`quar ”   ]fdt wds dll! 9>  

 Jat ajl y mae s ext erj dl rel dt` ajsf `p iad gul dte, nut dls a `jj er rel dt `aj sf` p

maes sa. Dj exdhple ac tf`s `s caujm `j dj dlifeh`idl text; “]fe `gjeaus sp`r`t ac tfe jdturdl c`re `s iarpar`c`em `j tfe sunstdjies wf`if dre djdlagaus djdlagaus   ta `t. Aur staje `s dj dstrdl c`re, wf`if syhpdtf`zes

ZM`io`jsaj, ]fe Iahplete Raehs ac Eh`ly M`io`jsaj, M`io`jsaj,   p. p. 445.  445.  

 

w`tf tfe jdturdl c`re, djm wf`if ds d true sdldhdjmer reie`ves `ts jdt`v`ty, `s jaur`sfem djm graws `j tfe elehejtdry c`re, wf`if `s  geahe  geahetr`idll tr`idllyy prapart`ajdl  prapart`ajdl  

ta `t.‘ 99  ]fe text spedos ac twa c`res, dj dstrdl c`re djm d jdturdl c`re? `t seehs ta sdy tfdt jdturdl c`re `s prapart`ajdl ta dstrdl c`re djm, tferecare, tfe carher iarpar`c`es

ar iadguldtes iadguldtes   tfe ldtter. ]fe terh “geahetr`idl pra par t`a j"

ujmauntemly recers ta tfe pdssdge `j Rldta‑s ]`hdeus ]`hdeus   wfere tfe iredt`aj ac tfe namy ac namy  ac tfe uj`verse `s mesir`nem; Jaw tfdt wf`if iahes ta ne hust ne nam`ly, djm sa v`s`nle djm tdjg`nle? djm jatf`jg idj ne v`s`nle w`tfaut c`re, ar tdjg`nle w`tfaut sahetf`jg sal`m, djm jatf`jg `s sal`m w`tfaut edrtf. Fejie tfe gam, wfej fe negdj ta put tagetfer tfe namy ac tfe uj`verse, set dnaut hdo`jg `t ac c`re djm edrtf. Nut twa tf`jgs dlaje idjjat ne sdt`scditar`ly uj`tem w`tfaut d tf`rm? car tfere hust ne sahe najm netweej tfeh mrdw`jg tfeh tagetfer. Djm ac dll najms tfe nest `s tfdt wf`if hdoes `tselc djm tfe terhs `t iajjeits d uj`ty `j tfe cullest sejse? djm `t `s ac tfe jdture ac 9=

d iajt`juem geahetr`idl prapart`aj ( djdlag`d) ta ecceit tf`s hast perceitly.  

@j essejie tf`s pdssdge sdys tfdt tfe namy ac tfe uj`verse `s iredtem (tfdt `s, iadguldtem) ny hedjs ac prapart`aj ar djdlagy. Djdlagy `s d praiess ac

reldt`ajsf`p, d hdo`jg ac iajjeit`ajs ny “ds `c.‘ ]fese texts tell us tfdt djdlagy iarpar`c`es ar iadguldtes sp`r`t. ]f`s `s wfdt hdoes dlifehy sa vdludnle car meptf psyifalagy. @t `s d tredsury ac djdlag`es tfdt iarpar`cy ar ehnamy tfe ankeit`ve psyife djm tfe praiesses `t ujmergaes `j mevelaphejt. ]fe sdhe dppl`es ta rel`g`aj djm hytfalagy. ]fe `hpartdjie ac djdlagy car redl`zdt`aj ac tfe psyife idj fdrmly ne averest`hdtem. @t g`ves carh djm v`s`n`l`ty ta tfdt wf`if wds prev`ausly `jv`s`nle, `jtdjg`nle, jat yet iadguldtem.

Iajiepts djm dnstrdit`ajs maj‑t iadguldte. ]fey hdoe d`r, jat edrtf. ]fey dre dgejts ac  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a. t`a.   ]fe `hdges ac mredhs djm dit`ve `hdg`jdt`aj ma iadguldte. ]fey iajjeit tfe auter warlm w`tf tfe `jjer warlm ny hedjs ac  pr apar t` ajd l ar djdl agau s `hd ges djm tfu s iad guld te sau l - stu cc. Haam s djm dcceits tass us dnaut w`lmly ujt`l tfey iadguldte `jta sahetf`jg v`s`nle djm

tdjg`nle? tfej we idj reldte ta tfeh ankeit`vely. Kujg sdys `j f`s heha`rs; “]a tfe extejt tfdt @ hdjdgem ta trdjsldte tfe ehat`ajs `jta `hdges ” tfdt t fdt `s ta sdy, ta c`jm tfe `hdges wf`if were iajiedlem `j tfe ehat`ajs ” 4 wds `jwdrmly idlhem djm redssurem.‘ 95   ]fe dji`ejts iajs`merem fuhdj ex`stejie ta ne iajtrallem ny d iertd`j `jexardnle cditar vdr`ausly idllem cdte, mest`jy, lat, ar  par t` aj. ]fe `hd ge ac sp` jj` jg djm wedv `jg wds use m. ]fe tfr ee Cdt es sp` j

aje‑s  

"]fe @.¡vex ac tfe Dlifehyst`idl Rf`lasapfers,  p. >43.   u

Iarjcarm. Rldta's Iashalagy,  p. =9cc.  

▢'YKujg. Hehar`es. Mredhs. ^ecleit`ajs,  p. 477.  

 

ex`stejie `jta ne`jg. Ilatfa sp`js tfe tfredm, Ldifes`s hedsures `t, djm Dtrapas iuts `t.

Aje‑s mest`jy wds iajs`merem d wavej cdnr`i ar d gdrhejt, d rape, d ifd`j, ar d yaoe tfdt iajc`jem aje heri`lessly ta premeterh`jem l`h`ts. 93   R`jmdr `jvaoes tf`s iadguldt`a iadguldt`a  

cditar ds tfe gammess ac n`rtf; “Gammess ac n`rtf, tfdt drt ejtfrajem nes`me tfe nraam`jg Mest`j`es! L`stej tfau mdugfter ac h`gfty Ferd, tfau tfdt iredtest accspr`jg. W`tfaut tf`je d`m we see jat tfe l`gft, ja jar tfe mdro glaah, ere we dttd`j ujta tfy s`ster, Fene w`tf glaw`jg l`hns. Pet `t `s jat car equdl d`hs tfdt dll ac us mrdw aur nredtf, car

vdr`aus `jmeem dre tfe cdtes tfdt cetter hartdls `j tfe ifd`j ac mest`jy.‘ 97   Wfej Dgdhehjaj mei`mes, mesp`te fer p`t`cul pleds, ta aney tfe prapfeiy djm sdir`c`ie f`s mdugfter @pf`gej`d `j exifdjge car cdvardnle w`jms ta ]ray, Desifylus

sdys, “]fus aj f`s jeio fe taao/Cdte‑s fdrm iahpell`jg yaoe.‘ Ar, ny djatfer trdjsldt`aj, “]fej fe put aj/]fe fdrjess ac jeiess`ty.‘ 96   Iadguldt`a Iadguldt`a `s  `s exper`ejiem ds d  naj mdge nei dus e `t iaj c`j es `jm `v` mud ls ta tfe `r ditu dl red l`t y, tfe par t`a j tfe y wer e

g`vej ny mest`jy. Rerfdps tf`s diiaujts car tfe pfrdse, “fe wds naujm   ta ma tfdt.‘ Ldjgudge `s stdt`jg tfdt mest`jy `s najmdge (see c`gure =-6). Ehnam`em ex`stejie `s evej mesir`nem ds d pr`saj ar tahn. Rldta spedos ac tfe saul

ds ne`jg “ejsfr`jem `j tfe l`v`jg tahn wf`if we idrry dnaut, jaw tfdt we dre `hpr`sajem `j tfe namy, l`oe dj ayster `j f`s sfell‘ ( Rfdem  Rfdemrus, rus, >52).  >52). Less jegdt`vely, tfe  nam y ` s mesi r`n em ds tfe faus e ar teh ple ac tfe sau l. Al` ver Wejm ell Falh es uses tf` s `hdge `j f`s paeh ]fe Ifdhnerem Jdut`lus.  Jdut`lus.  Nu`lm tfee hare stdtely hdjs`ajs, A hy saul. Ds tfe sw`ct sedsajs rall! Ledve tfy law-vdultem pdst! Let edif jew tehple, janler tfdj tfe ldst Yfut tfee crah fedvej w`tf d mahe hare vdst. ]`ll tfau dt lejgtf dre cree. Ledv`jg tf`je autgrawj sfell ny l`ce's ujrest`jg sed!

Ilatfes dre dlsa `hdges ac tfe `jidrjdtem iajm`t`aj. ]fe clesf `s d vest`ture diqu`rem mur`jg tfe mesiejt ac tfe saul tfraugf tfe pldjetdry spferes. Dltfaugf Kujg usudlly `jterpretem ilatfes `j mredhs ds recerr`jg ta tfe persajd, tfey idj dlsa qu`te  pr ape rly ne ujm ers taam ds ham es ac iadguldt`a. iadguldt`a.   ]fe `med ac `jidrjdtem l`ce ds d wavej cdnr`i ar tdpestry `s caujm `j d mredh nraugft he ny d wahdj wfa fdm kust neiahe  pr egj djt car tfe c`r st t `he . Yf e fd m t f`s mr edh s`x mdy s d cte r

K

*Aj`djs, ]fe Ar`g`js ac Eurapedj ]faugft, pdss`h. ]faugft,  pdss`h.  

j

 Jehedj Ames 7, Ames 7, 4-6, `j ]fe Ames ac R`jmdr, p. R`jmdr,  p. 964.  964.   H

Adtes djm A‑Je`ll, ems. “Dgdhehjaj‘ `j ]fe Iahplete Greeo Mrdhd, l`je Mrdhd,  l`je 946.

 

^ep Ir`hemZ 'jr1 I*rry`jY

CAr 

tfe Iu

R dj| Fdrjess ac Mest`jy

(Mürer. 

]fe Iahplete Ejgrdv`jgs, Etif`jgs dj`l Mrypa`jts ac Dlnreift Dlnreift Mü`  Mü` ‚er.)  ‚er.) 

 

h`ss`jg fer c`rst per`am djm tfree mdys necare ledrj`jg tfdt fer pregjdjiy test wds pas`t`ve.

 D tdpestry `s ne`jg ne`jg nraugft nraugft mawj cra crah h tfe dtt`i. @t `s `j twa sepdrdte sepdrdte pdrts pdrts wf`if dre ta ne ka`jem   ” tfe tfe nurldp ndio`jg djm tfe tfredmem mes`gj. C`rst tfe nurldp ndio`jg `s nraugft mawjstd`rs. Jext tfe tfredmem mes`gj wds ta ne nraugft mawj. We were suppasem ta stumy tfe mes`gj ac tfe tdpestry `j armer ta ujmerstdjm `t. ]f`s waulm `jvalve tfe iaujt`jg ac tfe tfredms. ]fe mes`gj wds very r`if djm iahplex. ]f`s mredh `s ac iajs`merdnle `jterest ds dj exdhple ac tfe redit`aj ac tfe ujiajsi`aus ta tfe n`alag`idl cdit ac iajiept`aj. @t fds severdl s`h`ldr`t`es w`tf tfe hytfs. C`rst, tfe evejt `s mesir`nem ds d cdll, d mesiejt crah tfe dtt`i. Yeiajmly, tfere `s d m`st`jit`aj hdme netweej tfe hdter`dl graujm (tfe  nur ldp ) d jm tfe `hd ge ac hedj `jg (tf redm em mes` gj) ta ne sup er` hpas em a j ` t. ]f`s waulm iarrespajm ta tfe m`st`jit`aj netweej tfe saul djm tfe clesf, wf`if w`ll fause `t, ar tfe hdter`dl, wf`if w`ll idrry tfe stdhp ac `ts `hdge. @j dmm`t`aj, tfe iaujt`jg ac tfe tfredms waulm iarrespajm ta tfe hedsur`jg cujit`aj ac tfe seiajm Cdte, Ldifes`s. Iadguldt`a  mredhs sahet`hes aiiur dt tfe dppradif ac medtf, ds tfaugf ta express tfe hedj`jg ac tfe `jidrjdt`aj jaw ejm`jg. Dj e`gfty-twa-yedr-alm wahdj fdm tf`s mredh d cew weeos necare fer summej medtf;

wds `j tfe o`tifej djm laaoem `jta tfe avej. ]fere wds d nedut`cul radst iahpletely iaaoem, perfdps d l`ttle mry. D va`ie sd`m,   “ Pau lect `t `j taa lajg, m`mj‑t yau1" @ diojawlemgem dioja wlemgem tfdt   // fdm. /

Djatfer exdhple `s d wahdj‑s repart ac tfe medtf ac fer grdjmcd tfer. “Necare hy grdjmcdtfer m`em, fe wds `j d jurs`jg fahe car e`gft ar tej yedrs, sa sej`le tfdt fe seehem ta reiagj`ze ja aje. Everyaje oept dso`jg, “Wfy maesj‑t fe m`e1‘ Everyaje oept sdy`jg faw huif netter `t waulm fdve neej `c fe iaulm fdve m`em wfej f`s dit`ve l`ce wds aver? dlwdys fe fdm caujm hedj`jg ajly `j waro djm dit`v`ty. ]fe j`gft necare f`s medtf, aje ac f`s mdugfters (hy dujt) mredhem

tfdt sfe sdw fdjg`jg necare fer d very ldrge djm very nedut`cul `jtr`idtely djm ialarcully wavej Ar`ejtdl idrpet. Dt tfe tap r`h sfe sdw tfe c`jdl tfredm ne`jg wavej `jta pldie. Yfe ujmerstaam tfdt tf`s idrpet wds fer  cdtfer‑s saul -waro, -djm waro, wf`if fewds fdmc`j`sfem, neej wedv`jg car tfe pdst e`gft ar tej yedrs, jaw tfdt `t fe wds s`lejtly cree ta ga.

 

]fe jext mdy hy grdjmcdtfer m`em.‘ 90   @t `s pdrt`iuldrly `hpress`ve faw mredhs iajierj`jg ilatfes iahe up dt d t`he ac medtf. Car `jstdjie, d cew mdys necare fer medtf, d wahdj wfa ojew sfe wds hartdlly `ll mredhem tfdt sfe wds ga`jg ta dttejm d cdsf`aj sfaw.=2 D cew mdys necare tfe medtf ac f`s cdtfer, d hdj mredhem tfdt fe sdw f`s cdtfer mressem very jdtt`ly `j jew ilatfes.  ilatfes.  ]fese mredhs seeh ta recer ta dj ult`hdte iadguldt`a,tfe iadguldt`a, tfe diqu`s`t`aj ac dj `hhartdl namy. @j tfe  Naao ac Ejaif Ejaif we  we redm; Djm tfe r`gfteaus djm eleit sfdll fdve r`sej crah tfe edrtf. Djm iedsem ta ne ac mawjidst iaujtejdjie. Djm tfey sfdll fdve neej ilatfem w`tf gdrhejts ac glary. Djm tfese sfdll ne tfe gdrhejts ac L`ce crah tfe Larm ac Yp`r`ts; Djm yaur gdrhejts sfdll jat graw alm, =4

Jar yaur glary pdss dwdy necare tfe Larm ac Yp`r`ts. (3>;45 ” 4 43) 3)  

Rdul uses tfe sdhe `hdge. “Car we ojaw `c tfe edrtfly tejt we l`ve `j `s mestrayem, we fdve d nu`lm`jg crah Gam, d fause jat hdme w`tf fdjms, eterjdl `j tfe fedvejs. Fere `jmeem we gradj, djm lajg ta put aj aur fedvejly mwell`jg, sa tfdt ny putt`jg `t aj we hdy jat ne caujm jdoem. Car wf`le we dre st`ll `j tf`s tejt, we s`gf w`tf djx`ety? jat tfdt we waulm ne ujilatfem, nut tfdt we waulm ne curtfer ilatfem, sa tfdt wfdt `s hartdl hdy

 ne swdl lawe m up ny l`ce‘ l`c e‘ (> Iar Iar.. 5;4 -=, ^YS). ]fe `med ac dj `hhartdl namy, express`jg dj ult`hdte iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   ac tfe sp`r`t, `s d naujmdry `hdge wfase hedj`jg idj ne ajly m`hly sejsem. @t

iarrespajms ta tfe pdrdmax`idl syhnal ac tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje djm seehs ta recer ta tfe c`jdl gadl ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. ]fe grdjmest syhnal ac iadguldt`a iadguldt`a `s  `s tfe Ifr`st`dj hytf ac tfe @jidrjdt`aj

ac tfe M`v`je Lagas. “Djm tfe Warm neidhe clesf djm mwelt dhajg us‘ (Kafj 4;4=, ^YSVsee c`gure =-0). ]f`s sunkeit requ`res d sepdrdte tredthejt ac `ts awj. Fawever, d cew dspeits ac tfe l`ce ac Ifr`st idj ne jatem ds  pdr t`i uld rly rel evdj t. Ifr `st wds nar j ac d v`r g`j ? tfd t `s, fe wds `ji drj dtem  ny hedj s ac pur e edrt f. ]fe S`r g`j Hdry iar res paj ms ta tfe dlif eh` idl jat`aj ac tfe “wf`te cal`dtem edrtf.‘ Dlifehy sdys, “Yaw yaur gal m `j wf`te

cal`dtem edrtf‘ (see c`gure = -42). Wf`te edrtf iarrespajms ta tfe dsf tfdt fds surv`vem idli`jdt`a. idli`jdt`a.   @t `s d iajtrdm`it`aj neiduse edrtf `s typ`idlly nldio. Ds we fdve jatem, tfe pr`ji`ple ac hdter`dl`ty tfdt prahates iadguldt`a iadguldt`a fds  fds d ndm jdhe. ]f`s `s nldio edrtf. Nut `j tfe syhnal`sh ac Ifr`st`dj`ty, djm hare expl`i`tly `j dlifehy, tfere drase tfe syhnal`i `hdge ac wf`te edrtf, d  pur `c` em hdt er` dl` ty pr` ji` ple . Rsyi fala g`i dll y t f`s hedj s t fe pas s`n `l` ty ac d jew

• W4 dh `jmentem ta ^an`j vdj Lanej Yels car tf`s repart. "‑@ dh `jmentem ta Emwdrm Wf`thajt car tf`s mredh.   ▢"Ifdrles, ]fe Dpairypfd djm Rseumep`grdpfd ac tfe Alm ]estdhejt  >;>>6.   >;>>6.  

 

 

C@GU^E =-0 ]fe Djjuji`dt`aj (Mrdw`jg ny ^ehnrdjmt. Nesdjçaj, Husàe Iahhujdl. ^epr`jtem `j  ^ehnrd  ^ehnrdjmt‑s jmt‑s

L`ce L`ce ac Ifr`st.) Ifr`st.) 

djm pur`c`em dtt`tume tawdrm hdter`dl`ty. @t hedjs tfe m`siavery ac tfe trdjspersajdl vdlue ac tfe ega. Wfdt pur`c`es `s iajsi`ausjess. ]fe nldio edrtf ac ega mes`rausjess neiahes tfe wf`te cal`dtem edrtf tfdt `jidrjdtes tfe Yelc.

]fe lawly i`riuhstdjies ac Ifr`st‑s n`rtf iarrespajm ta tfe arm`jdry djm iahhajpldie dspeits ac ne`jg iajiretely redl. ]fe evejts ac tfe Rdss`aj dlsa

dpply. Ifr`st‑s iajmehjdt`aj djm exeiut`aj w`tf ir`h`jdls presejt f`h ds d w`ll`jg idrr`er ac ev`l. F`s idrry`jg tfe irass represejts tfe redl`zdt`aj ac tfe

 nur mej ac aje ‑s ne` ne`jg. jg. ]fe aut autstdj stdj m`j g `hd ge `s tfe iru i`c`x` i`c `x` aj `ts elc ”  ne` jg jd`lem ta hdtter (see c`gure =-44). @j dlifeh`idl terhs, tfe irass represejts tfe caur elehejts crah wf`if dll hdj`cest ne`jg `s hdme.  C`xdt`  C`xdt`a a `s aje ac tfe syjajyhs car iadguldt`a, djm tfe dlifeh`sts fdm p`itures ac tfe heriur`dl serpejt c`xem ta tfe irass ar trdjsc`xem ta d tree (see c`gures =-4> djm =-49). ]fe Hdj`ifedjs uj`versdl`zem tf`s `hdge ta tfe gredtest extejt `j tfe`r maitr`je ac  Kesus pdt`n`l`s, pdt`n`l`s,  tfe succer`jg Kesus “wfa ‚fdjgs crah every tree,‑

‚`s servem up naujm `j every m`sf,‑ ‚every mdy `s narj, succers djm m`es,‑ djm `s

 

 

C @G U ^ E = - 4 2

“Yaw Paur Galm `j Wf`te Edrtf‘ (Hd`er,  Dtdldjtd Cug`ejs. 4346.) Cug`ejs. 4346.)

m`spersem `j dll iredt`aj." =>   ]fe ujiadguldtem sp`r`t `s cree, `t idj ejtertd`j djy `hdge w`tfaut iajsequejies. Nut ta ne d iajiretely redl`zem ega hedjs aje `s jd`lem ta tfe irass ac tfe iredtem warlm. Ac pdrt`iuldr `jterest iajierj`jg tfe Ifr`st`dj `jidrjdt`aj hytf `s tfe stdtem purpase ac tfe wfale mrdhd. ]fe purpase `s remehpt`aj ar resiue ac tfe s`jcul fuhdj rdie. ]fere `s d pdrdllel Gjast`i `jidrjdt`aj tdle tfdt stdtes d s`h`ldr purpase. @j tfe dpairypfdl  Dits ac ]fahds=9   `s caujm tfe sa-idllem “Fyhj ac tfe Redrl‘ ar “Fyhj ac tfe Yaul.‘ @t me sir`nes faw tfe raydl saj `s requ`rem ta ledve tfe fedvejly pdldie ac f`s pdrejts, tdoe acc f`s rane ac

glary, djm mesiejm ta tfe ldjm ac Egypt `j armer ta reiaver “tfe aje pedrl wf`if l`es `j tfe h`mmle ac tfe sed wf`if `s eji`rilem ny tfe sjart`jg

serpejt.‘ Dcter felpcul reh`jmers crah fedvej, tfe raydl saj diiahpl`sfes f`s resiue h`ss`aj, returjs ta f`s fedvejly fahe, djm majs f`s fedvejly gdrhejt. @j natf tfe Ifr`st`dj djm Gjast`i hytfs, `jidrjdt`aj ar mesiejt `jta clesf `s car tfe purpase ac resiue. @j tfe aje idse tfe ejmdjgerem vdlue `s fuhdj`ty last `j s`j? `j

Kajds, ]fe Gjast`i ^el`g`aj,  p. >>0.   =9

Kdhes, ]fe Dpairypfdl Jew ]estdhejt,  p. =44? dlsa `j Kajds, Gjast`i ^el`g`aj, p. 449.  

 

 

C @ GU ^ E = - 4 4 Irui`c`x`aj (Mrdw`jg crah ^dhsey Rsdlter, i. 062. Lajmaj, Nr`t`sf Huseuh. ^epr`jtem `j Ildro,

I`v`l`zdt`aj.)  

tfe atfer idse `t `s d pedrl `j tfe passess`aj ac d serpejt. ]fese hytfs f`jt dt tfe `med tfdt egafaam serves d remehpt`ve cujit`aj car d last vdlue. @j dlifehy `t `s hdme hare expl`i`t tfdt tfe vdlue ta ne remeehem `s dj dspeit ac me`ty. D iur`aus vdr`djt ac tf`s `hdge ac tfe resiu`jg pawer ac clesf fds neiahe  pdr t ac tfe lar e dss ai` dtem w`t f tfe m`d hajm . @j @jm `d ar Ieyl aj tfe re `s suppasem ta ex`st d meep vdlley ac m`dhajms `jcestem w`tf medmly serpejts. @j armer ta diqu`re tfe m`dhajms,  p`eies ac clesf  clesf  dre tfrawj `jta tfe vdlley. ]fe m`dhajms dmfere ta tfe clesf, djm vultures idrry tfe clesf ndio ta tfe tap ac tfe garge wfere tfey dre retr`evem. ==   ]f`s legejm `s d qud`jt vdr`dt`aj ac tfe

tfehe “`jidrjdt`aj car tfe purpase ac   ‚‚Oujz, ]fe Iur`aus Lare ac Rrei`aus Ytajes,   p. 75.  

 

DJD]AHP AC ]FE RYPIFE  

C@GU^E = - 4> ]fe Heriur`dl Yerpejt Irui`c`em (Dlif`h`e me Cldhel. HY. Crdjçd`s 4=735. Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque Jdt`ajdle. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg,  Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy.) Dlifehy.)  

remehpt`aj." ]fe essejt`dl cedture ac tfe stary `s tfdt m`dhajms dmfere ta clesf. We fdve fere, 4 tf`jo, d tdjtdl`z`jg gl`hpse `jta tfe hedj`jg ac egafaam. ]fe m`dhajm `j `ts fdrmjess `s tfe suprehe represejtdt`ve ac tfe

“clesf" pr`ji`ple `j `ts `jiarrupt`nle stdte djm `s aje ac tfe syhnals ac tfe Yelc. D pdrdllel `hdge aiiurrem `j tfe mredh ac d wahdj e`gft weeos  pre gjdj t.

 @   dh aj tfe lawer level ac tfe sunwdy systeh. D yaujg nldio wahdj fdjms he d m`dhajm. @ put `t meep w`tf`j hy paioet, jat wdjt`jg peaple ta ojaw car cedr tfey w`ll stedl `t. Wfej @ redif tfe upper level @ ceel  sdcer. ]fe dssai`dt`aj ta tfe m`dhajm wds fer pregjdjiy.

 

 

C@GU^E = -49

]rdjsc`x`aj ac tfe Heriur`dl Yerpejt djm tfe O`jg (“Ypeiuluh ver`tdt`s,‘ Iam. Sdt`idjus Ldt`jus 7>63, 47tf iejtury. N`nl`ateid Sdt`idjd. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg.  Rsyifalagy dj`l Dlifehy.) 

Kust ds tfe terhs “namy‘ djm “clesf‘ recer ta iadguldt`a, iadguldt`a,   sa, tfdt wf`if jaur`sfes

tfe

namy ” caam c aam

djm

hedl

`hdgery ”   nel ajgs

ta

tfe

sdh e

syhnal`sh. Edt`jg tfe carn`mmej cru`t nraugft Dmdh djm Eve `jta tfe pd`jcul warlm ac spdt`a-tehpardl redl`ty. ]fe Alm ]estdhejt sp edos ac “tfe nredm ac

tedrs‘ (Rs. 62;5), “tfe nredm ac w`ioemjess‘ (Rrav. =;47), “tfe nredm ac meie`t‘ (Rrav. >2;47), “tfe nredm ac `mlejess‘ (Rrav. 94;>), djm “tfe nredm ac dmvers`ty‘ (@sd. 92;>2). ]fese pfrdses recer ta tfe redl`zdt`aj redl`zdt`aj ac  ac tfe iajm`t`ajs hejt`ajem. ]fey neiahe l`vem exper`ejies, jat dnstrdit `meds. ]a edt sahetf`jg hedjs ta `jiarpardte `t ” l`terdlly, l `terdlly, ta turj `t `jta namy. Fejie, mredhs `j wf`if tfe mredher `s accerem sahetf`jg ta edt `jm`idte tfdt dj ujiajsi`aus iajtejt `s redmy car iadguldt`a iadguldt`a,, dss`h`ldt`aj ny tfe ega. D wahdj ac crdg`le ega fdm dj `jvds`aj ac tfe ujiajsi`aus tfdt requ`rem md`ly  psyi fat fer dpy. Dct er d haj tf ac `j tej se eji aujt er w`t f tfe uji ajs i`au s, sfe fdm tf`s mredh; (Yuhhdr`zem)  D wahdj wahdj `s iaao`jg iaao`jg d h hyster` yster`aus aus su sunstdji nstdjiee `j d reitd reitdjguldr jguldr iajtd`jer. iajtd`jer. Y Yfe fe apejs `t d n`t djm sdys, “@t `s redmy." @t wds d  

 

 strdjge hdter`dl hdter`dl.. ]fe upper pdrt fdm gellem `jta d greej sunstdjie sunstdjie dppdrejtly hdme ac cru`ts. Nelaw' tf`s ldyer wds d mdro ujgellem l`qu`m.  / dte d shdll p`eie ac tfe greej stucc. @t fdm ja tdste. D hdj `j d nldio su`t idhe `jta tfe raah. Fe wejt m`reitly ta tfe iajtd`jer, c`llem e`gft kdrs w`tf tfe gellem hdter`dl djm wdloem aut w`tf tfeh. Fe wds l`oe d  strdjge hessejger hessejger.. ]fere wds sahetf`jg sahetf`jg ujidjjy ujidjjy dnaut dnaut f`h. ]f`s mredh represejts d ir`t`idl praiess ac ega mevelaphejt. @t fds s`h`ldr`t`es ta tfe edt`jg `j tfe Gdrmej ac Emej, espei`dlly tfe recerejie ta tfe cru`t djm tfe nldio-su`tem hdj wfa dssai`dtem ta tfe Mev`l (see c`gure =-4=). ]fe c`ll`jg ac e`gft   kdr  kdr s (ma unl e qud ter j`t y) `jm `id tes tfd t tf` s `s dj `jm`v`mudt`aj mredh iajierj`jg tfe iare djm tatdl`ty ac tfe psyife.

 

Dmdh djm Eve (Mürer. ^epr`jtem `j ]fe Iahplete Waamiuts ac Dln  Dln    Mürer.)    Mürer.)

rpi t  

 

D yaujg hdj wfa fdm iahe ta tfe ejm ac   f`s djdlys`s djm wds `j tfe  pra iess ac td o`jg aj har e su nst djt `dl l`c e r esp ajs` n`l `t` es f dm t f`s mredh;    / ga aut car m`jjer dt d very spei`dl pldie. pldie. @t `s jat redlly d restdurdjt, restdurdjt, nut tfe ndsehejt ac d hajdstery. ]fe caam `s servem ny hajos. Car messert tfey serve “iaw-mujg “iaw -mujg iaao`es"   ”  suppase  suppasemly mly d mel`idi mel`idiyy l`oe c`let h`gjaj h`gjaj.. Fawever Fawever tfey wdrj he ta ne idrecul, car sahe hdy jat fdve irystdll`zem aut ac tfe`r pr`ar  carh. ]fe `m `med ed ac edt`jg tfeh iduses he gredt gredt m m`stres `stress. s. Wfejever caam `s accerem aje `j d mredh, tfe gejerdl rule `s tfdt `t sfaulm  ne edt ej ja hdtt er faw ujp leds djt `t see hs. Yah et` hes, ds `j tf` s mr edh, `t w`ll fdve strdjge ar h`rdiulaus qudl`t`es, `jm`idt`jg tfdt `t `s iah`jg crah tfe drifetypdl level ac tfe psyife. N`nl`idl exdhples dre tfe hdjjd crah fedvej sejt ta tfe @srdel`tes `j tfe w`lmerjess (Exam. 43;4>) djm tfe ceem`jg ac tfe caur tfausdjm (Hdtt. 45;9>). @j sahe idses tfe caam ta ne edtej iledrly syhnal`zes tfe jeem ta dss`h`ldte d reldt`aj ta tfe Yelc. @sd`df spedos ac tfe

warm ac Gam ds nredm ta ne edtej. Fe fds Pdfwef sdy, “Car ds tfe rd`j djm sjaw iahe mawj crah fedvej, djm returj jat tf`tfer nut wdter tfe edrtf, hdo`jg `t nr`jg cartf djm spraut, g`v`jg seem ta tfe sawer djm nredm ta tfe edter, sa sfdll hy warm ne tfdt gaes cartf crah hy hautf (55;42-44, ^YS).

Ifr`st sdys, “Hy hedt `s ta ma tfe w`ll ac f`h tfdt sejt he, djm ta c`j`sf f`s waro‘ (Kafj =;9=, DS).   Dll caam mredhs fdve dt ledst d m`stdjt recerejie ta Euifdr`st`i syhnal`sh, dltfaugf dt t`hes `t seehs hare l`oe d nldio Hdss (see c`gure =-  

45). Wfej tfe accerem caam iledrly reldtes ta tfe Yelc `t neiahes tfe

 caam ac `hhart `hhartdl`ty dl`ty   dnaut wf`if Ifr`st spedos. “4 dh tfe nredm ac l`ce. Paur cdtfers dte tfe hdjjd `j tfe w`lmerjess, djm tfey m`em. ]f`s `s tfe nredm wf`if iahes mawj crah fedvej tfdt d hdj hdy edt ac `t djm jat m`e. @ dh tfe l`v`jg nredm wf`if idhe mawj crah fedvej? `c djyaje edts ac tf`s nredm, fe w`ll l`ve carever? djm tfe nredm wf`if 4 sfdll g`ve car tfe l`ce ac tfe warlm `s

hy clesf‘ (Kafj 3;=6” 54, 5 4, ^YS). ]fe Ifr`st`dj sdirdhejt ac Faly Iahhuj`aj `s d iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   r`te. @t `s `jterest`jg ta jate tfdt severdl ac tfe atfer sdirdhejts dre dlsa l`joem w`tf tfe syhnal`sh ac dlifeh`idl aperdt`ajs. ]fe sdirdhejt ac ndpt`sh pertd`js ta  salut`a,  salut`a,   tfe sdirdhejt ac extrehe ujit`aj ta hart`c`idt`a, djm tfe sdirdhejt ac hdtr`hajy ta iaj`ujit`a. iaj`ujit`a.   Fawever, tfe Euifdr`st `s tfe iejtrdl r`tudl ac

Ifr`st`dj`ty djm, ds Kujg fds anservem, idj ne iajs`merem ta ne tfe “r`te ac =5

iadguldt`a syhnal`sh,  syhnal`sh, ta tfe `jm`v`mudt`aj praiess.‘  Crah tfe stdjmpa`jt ac iadguldt`a  pdrtdo  pdr tdoee ac tfe Eui fdr fdr`st `st `i hed l s`gj `c` es tfe ega‑s ega ‑s `ji arpard arp ard t`a j ac d rel reldt` dt` aj ta tfe Yelc.

‑Ku jg,  Rsyifalagy djm djm ^el`g`aj; ^el`g`aj; West djm Ed Edst. st. IW  @@,  @@, pdr. =4=.  

 

 

C@GU^ E = - 4 5

]fe Ldst Yupper. Jate tfe ]`jy Nldio Mev`l Ejter`jg Kumds‑ Hautf (]fe Faurs Faurs a Idtfer`je ac I/eves. ]fe I/eves. ]fe Guejjal Ialleit`aj djm tfe R`erpajt Hargdj L`nrdry.)

Fejry Sdugfj‑s paeh “]fe @jidrjdt`aj djm tfe Rdss`aj‘ hdoes use ac severdl iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   `hdges djm dgd`j `llustrdtes tfe tfehe ac mes`re (lave) ds tfe hat`ve ac `jidrjdt`aj. Larm! wfej tfau m`mst tfy selce ujmresse Ldy`jg ny tfy ranes ac glary. ]a hdoe us hare, tfau waulmst ne lesse,

Djm neidh‑sl wacull stary.   ]a put aj Ilaums `jstedm ac l`gft. Djm iladtf tfe harj`jg-stdrre w`tf must. Wds d trdjsldt`aj ac suif fe`gft Ds, nut `j

tfee, wds je‑r exprest?   Nrdve warhes, djm Edrtf! tfdt tfus iaulm fdve D Gam Ejilasem w`tf`j yaur Iell,

 

Paur hdoer pejt up `j d grdve. L`ce laiot `j medtf, fedvej `j d sfell? Df, hy medre Larm! wfdt iaulmst tfau spye @j tf`s `hpure, renell`aus ildy, ]fdt hdme tfee tfus resalve ta mye Car tfase tfdt o`ll tfee every mdy1 A wfdt strdjge wajmers iaulm tfee ha have ve ]a sl`gft tfy prei`aus nlaum, djm nredtf! Yure `t wds

¡Hve, hy

Larm? car

¡Hve @s

ajly strajger

=3

cdr tfdj medtf.  

Ds d c`jdl `llustrdt`aj ac iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   syhnal`sh, @ sfdll presejt tfe hast rehdrodnle mredh aj tf`s tfehe tfdt @ fdve yet ejiaujterem. ]fe mredher, d hdj `j f`s edrly tf`rt`es, wds ifdrditer`zem ny d str`o`jg m`sirepdjiy netweej f`s f`gf  pat ejt `d l car psyi fal ag` idl mev ela phej t djm tfe l`h `td t`a js `hp asem ny tf e sev ere  psyi f`i mep r` vdt` aj ac f` s if` lmf aam ejv` raj hejt . ]fe res ult wds tfd t d s`z dnl e  par t` aj ac ega mev ela phej t, wf` if arm `jd r`l y a iiu rs `j if` lmf aam , w ds mel dyem djm taao pldie `j dmultfaam mur`jg d lejgtfy iaurse ac psyifatferdpy. ]fe callaw`jg mredh, wf`if aiiurrem dcter twa yedrs ac dnaut d tej-yedr tredthejt, presejts tfe essejie ac tfdt praiess. @t idj ne seej ds d o`jm ac h`irahytf ac ega mevelaphejt. ]fe mredh `s ds callaws; / dh s`tt`jg necare dj dji`ejt `jtdgl`a ac d irui`c`x`aj. @t `s hetdl nut `t `s pdrt`dlly iaverem w`tf d wdxl`oe sunstdjie wf`if ledms he ta m`siaver tfdt tfere dre idjmles dnave `t, aje aj edif s`me, djm   / redl`ze redl`ze   / dh ta l`gft tfese, djm hdoe tfe wdx ruj mawj `jta tfe `jtdgl`a djm tfdt tf`s fds sahetf`jg ta ma w`tf tfe r`tudl-l`oe hedt   // dh dnaut ta edt. / edt. / l`gft tfe idjmles djm tfe wdx maes ruj mawj `jta tfe ehpty carh ac tfe irui`c`x`aj. Wfej `t `s cull  /  / tdoe `t mawj crah tfe wdll dnave he djm dh dt hy hedl.  / fdve tdoej tfe fedm ac tfe `hdge wf`if fds neej carhem ny c`ll`jg up tfe `jtdgl`a djm dh edt`jg `t. @t `s d sunstdjie l`oe ledm  ” very very fedvy ” djm  djm   // neg`j ta wajmer `c   / idj m`gest `t.  `t.  / wajmer `c fuhdjs idj m`gest ledm. @ redl`ze we edt d l`ttle every mdy. djm tfdt we edt s`lver, taa. / taa. / tf`jo, tferecare, tfdt `t `s d sdce tf`jg ta fdve edtej, nut   // dh wdry ac edt`jg taa huif. ]fe mredh ejms wf`le  / dh dt tfe hedl. ]f`s mredh iajtd`js severdl iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   tfehes; sal`m`c`idt`aj ac d l`qu`m, ledm, edt`jg, djm tfe irui`c`x`aj. ]fe dji`ejt irui`c`x`aj `jtdgl`a syhnal`zes tfe `jjdte drifetype ac tfe Yelc, dj ehpty carh wd`t`jg ta

]fe Iahplete Raetry ac Fejry Sdugfj,  p. 439.  

 

 ne red l`z em ny dj `jc lux ac l`v `jg hdt ter . ]fe mr edh `ll ust rdt es j`ie ly

Kujg‑s stdtehejt tfdt “drifetypes dre jat meterh`jem ds regdrms tfe`r iajtejt, nut ajly ds regdrms tfe`r carh djm tfej ajly ta d very l`h`tem megree. D pr`harm`dl `hdge `s meterh`jem ds ta `ts iajtejt ajly wfej `t fds  nei ahe iajs i`a us djm `s tfe rec are c` lle m aut w`tf tfe hdt er` dl ac iaj si`a us exper`ejie....]fe drifetype `j `tselc `s ehpty djm purely carhdl, jatf`jg  nut d  cdiultds  cdiultdsprdecar prdecarhdjm`. hdjm`.   d pass`n`l`ty ac represejtdt`aj wf`if `s g`vej d  pr`ar`."*  pr`ar`. "*4  ]fe twa l`gftem idjmles prav`me tfe haltej wdx tfdt c`lls tfe ehpty carh. ]fey represejt tfe psyif`i l`ce praiess `tselc. ]f`s `s suggestem ny suif  pfr dses ds “nur j`j g tfe idjm le dt nat f ejms,‘ ejm s,‘ ar “aut , aut nr` ec

idjmle.‘ = * ]fe nurj`jg idjmle gejerdtes jat ajly l`gft nut dlsa haltej hdtter, ds tfaugf tfe l`v`jg praiess ac tfe psyife gejerdtes  sunstd  sunstdjie jie ”   d iadguldt`a ac iadguldt`a  ac sp`r`t. Nut wfy dre tfere twa idjmles1 twa idjmles1 Dmler reparts tf`s mredh ac d pdt`ejt. / idrry twa l`gftem idjmles ac wf`if @ nlaw aut aje djm oeep tfe atfer dl`gft, sdy`jg;  sdy`jg; "]f`s `s l`ce djm medtf.‑‑*0  Dmler dssai`dtes tfese twa idjmles ta tfe twa tarif nedrers wfa cldjo H`tfrds `j tfe iajvejt`ajdl represejtdt`ajs ac f`h. Aje fds f`s tarif upr`gft, tfe atfer, pa`jt`jg mawjwdrm. Rerfdps tfe twa idjmles w`ll `jm`idte tfe `jterpldy ac appas`tes, djm tfe claw`jg ac tfe twa haltej stredhs `jta aje sfdpe w`ll s`gj`cy d iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a ac  ac tfe appas`tes. ]fe edt`jg ac tfe wdx c`gure iarrespajms ta well ojawj r`tudl hedls `j wf`if tfe pdrt`i`pdjt idts d represejtdt`aj ac tfe me`ty ” car c ar exdhple, tfe Ifr`st`dj Euifdr`st. @j tfe edrly ifurif, wdx wds usem ds d syhnal car tfe clesf ac tfe  Dgjus Me`.  Me`.  “@t wds   iustahdry `j ^ahe djm `j tfe wfale Aii`mijl ta hdoe l`ttle ldhns aut ac tfe iajseirdtem wdx ac tfe Rdsifdl idjmle djm ta oeep tfeh car tfe aitdve ac Edster, wfej tfey were m`str`nutem ta tfe iahhuj`idjts dcter tfe Larm's supper.‘ 52   Dhdld- r`us ac cr`er g` ves tfe callaw`jg expldjdt`aj ac tf`s r`te; “]fe wdx syhnal`zes, ds Gregary (tfe Gredt) sdys `j f`s serhajs, tfe fuhdj`ty ac tfe Ifr`st? car tfe fajeyiahn iajs`sts ac fajey `j wdx? tfe fajey `j wdx, fawever, `s tfe m`v`j`ty `j tfe fuhdj`ty. ]fe ldhns, wf`if tfe ^ahdjs hdoe (ac wdx),

syhnal`ze tfe `hhdiuldte Ldhn, wf`if wds hdme car aur nejec`t.‘‑ 4 

]fr Drtfrlvpr* ajm tfr Ialltt'l`vc Ujtttrt.w`au.`,  I W 0`. pdr 455, "Hutnrtf.  Dit 0. w 5. l`je >`. 

«Dmler, ]fr L`v`jg Yyhnal, Yyhnal,  p. p. 457 .   ‑"Euler. Arpfru* tfr Cffer. p >=6 ¿@n`m.  

 

]fe iajierj regdrm`jg tfe m`gest`n`l`ty ac tfe sunstdjie `s ifdrditer`st`i. Faw huif redl`ty idj tfe ega stdjm1 ]f`s `s dj urgejt quest`aj car us dll. ]fe mredh seehs ta dmv`se reguldr shdll mases ac tf`s n`tter hem`i`je. @j suhhdry, tf`s mredh p`itures ega mevelaphejt ds d praiess `j wf`if tfe ldtejt, preex`stejt tatdl`ty, tfe Yelc, `s c`rst `jidrjdtem djm tfej dss`h`ldtem tfraugf tfe l`v`jg eccarts ac tfe `jm`v`mudl. @t mehaj strdtes Kujg‑s stdtehejt tfdt, “]f e selc, l`oe tfe ujiajsi`aus, `s dj d pr`ar` ex`stejt pr`ar` ex`stejt aut ac wf`if tfe ega evalves. @t `s, sa ta spedo, dj ujiajsi`aus  pr  pràc` àc` gur dt `a `ajj ac tf tfee e ga ga.‘ .‘ 5>   @j iajilus`aj, tfe dlifeh`idl aperdt`aj ac iadguldt`a, iadguldt`a, tagetfer  tagetfer w`tf tfe `hdgery tfdt ilusters draujm tf`s `med, iajst`tutes dj eldnardte syhnal systeh tfdt expresses

tfe drifetypdl praiess ac ega carhdt`aj. Wfej tfe ega‑s reldt`aj ta tfe Yelc `s ne`jg redl`zem ” tfdt t fdt `s, wfej tfe ega `s dppradif`jg tfe iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   ac tfe psyife `j `ts tatdl`ty ” ttfej fej tfe syhnal`sh ac ega mevelaphejt neiahes `mejt`idl w`tf tfdt ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. Kujg puts `t netter. Gam wdjts ta ne narj `j tfe cldhe ac hdj‑s iajsi`ausjess, ledp`jg ever f`gfer. Djm wfdt `c tf`s fds ja raats `j tfe edrtf1 @c `t `s jat d fause ac staje wfere tfe c`re ac Gam idj mwell, nut d wretifem strdw fut tfdt cldres up djm vdj`sfes1 Iaulm Gam tfej ne narj1 Aje hust ne dnle ta succer Gam. ]fdt `s tfe suprehe tdso car tfe idrr`er ac `meds. Fe hust ne tfe dmvaidte ac tfe edrtf. Gam w`ll tdoe idre ac f`hselc. Hy `jjer pr`ji`ple `s; Meus et   faha. Gam jeems hdj `j armer ta neiahe iajsi`aus, kust ds fe jeems l`h`tdt`aj `j t`he djm spdie. Let us tferecare ne car f`h l`h`tdt`aj `j t`he djm spdie, dj edrtfly tdnerjdile. 59  

5>

Kujg, Rsyi Kujg,  Rsyifalagy falagy djm ^el`g`aj ^el`g`aj;; Wes Westt djm E Edst, dst, IW  @@, pdr. 904.  904.  

"Kujg, Letter "Kujg,  Letterss l;35cc.  l;35cc.  

 

 

 

-5-5 Y  Yun unl` l`h hdt` aj K

ust ds idli`jdt`a pertd` js ta c` re,  salut`a   ta

wdter, djm iadguld``a

 ta edrtf, sa  sunl`hdt`a  `s tfe aperdt`aj pertd`j`jg ta d`r. @t turjs tfe

hdter`dl `jta d`r ny valdt`l`z`jg djm elevdt`jg `t. ]fe `hdge mer`ves crah tfe ifeh`idl praiess ac sunl`hdt`aj `j wf`if d sal`m, wfej fedtem,  pds ses m`r eit ly ` jta d gd seau s st dte djm dsie jms ta tfe tap ac tfe vess el, wfere `t resal`m`c`es aj tfe upper, iaaler reg`aj. M`st`lldt`aj `s d s`h`ldr  pr aies s, ` j wf `if d l `qu `m vdp ar` zes aj fed t`j g d jm iaj mejs es dgd` j ` j d iaaler dred.

]fe terh “sunl`hdt`aj‘ mer`ves crah tfe Ldt`j  sunl`h  sunl`h`s `s, hedj`jg “f`gf.‘ ]f`s `jm`idtes tfdt tfe irui`dl cedture ac  sunl`hdt`a  `s dj elevdt`jg praiess wfereny d law sunstdjie `s trdjsldtem `jta d f`gfer carh ny dj dsiejm`jg havehejt. Edrtf `s trdjscarhem `jta d`r? d c`xem namy `s valdt`l`zem? tfdt wf`if `s `jcer`ar `s ifdjgem `jta sahetf`jg super`ar (`jcerus, nelaw?  superus,   dnave). Dll `hdges tfdt recer ta upwdrm havehejt  ”  ” ldmmers, l dmmers, std`rs, elevdtars, il`hn`jg, haujtd`js, cly`jg, djm sa cartf ”   nel ajg ta  sunl`hdt`a  syhnal`sh, ds ma dll tfe psyifalag`idl djm vdlue iajjatdt`ajs dssai`dtem w`tf ne`jg f`gf rdtfer tfdj law. Dj dlifeh`idl text sdys,

“]fe sp`r`t, tferecare, ny tfe felp ac tfe wdter djm tfe saul, `s mrdwj cartf crah tfe  nam `es tfe hse lve s, djm tfe nam y tf eren y `s hdm e sp` r`t udl ? car tfd t dt tfe sdhe `jstdjt ac t`he, tfe sp`r`t, w`tf tfe saul ac tfe nam`es, dsiejm aj f`gf ta tfe super`ar

 pdr t, wf`if wf` if `s tfe per ceit `aj ac tfe sta staje, je, djm `s idl idllem lem sun l`h l`hdt` dt`aj. aj. ‘ 4  Diiarm`jg ta tf`s text, tfe namy `s “hdme perceit‘ ny sp`r`tudl`z`jg `t. Rsyifalag`idlly, tf`s iarrespajms ta d wdy ac medl`jg w`tf d iajirete pranleh. Aje gets “dnave‘ `t ny see`jg `t ankeit`vely. We dnstrdit d gejerdl hedj`jg crah `t djm see `t ds d  pdr t`i uld r exd hpl e ac d ldr ger `ss ue. Kust ta c`j m su` tdn le war ms ar iaji ept s car d  psyi f`i std te hdy ne suc c`i `ej t car d p ers aj ta get aut ac `t ejau gf ta laao maw j aj `t crah

]fe L`ves ac `fe Dlifehysl`idl Rf`lasapfers,  p. 496.  

 

DJD]AHP

]FE RYPIFE

 ar

 

dnave. Car `jstdjie, ta ldnel d resejtcul haam dj “dj`hd passess`aj" hdy reledse tfe gr`p ac tfe haam. ]a `mejt`cy d hdj‑s redit`aj ta f`s w`ce ds dj exdhple ac f`s hatfer pranleh, ar d redit`aj ta f`s nass ds pdrt ac d cdtfer iahplex, iajieptudl`zes tfe exper`ejie djm felps f`h ta get dnave `t. D str`o`jg exdhple ac suif warm pawer `s tfdt ac d pr`est wfa fdm djx`ety wf`le ielenrdt`jg tfe Euifdr`st. Fe exper`ejiem d mec`j`te dllev`dt`aj ac syhptahs upaj ledrj`jg tfdt fe fdm d well- ojawj iajm`t`aj idllem percarhdjie djx`ety. Yunl`hdt`a   `s dj dsiejt tfdt rd`ses us dnave tfe iajc`j`jg ejtdjglehejts ac Yunl`hdt`a `hhem`dte, edrtfy ex`stejie djm `ts iajirete, persajdl pdrt`iuldrs. ]fe f`gfer we ga tfe grdjmer djm hare iahprefejs`ve `s aur perspeit`ve, nut dlsa tfe hare rehate we neiahe crah ditudl l`ce djm tfe less dnle we w`ll ne ta fdve dj ecceit aj wfdt we perie`ve. We neiahe hdgj`c`iejt nut `hpatejt speitdtars (see c`gure 5-4). Fedvej `s tfe dname ac tfe eterjdl Rldtaj`i carhs, tfe uj`versdls, tfe drifetypdl `hdges. Fejie, wfejever d mredh ar l`ce s`tudt`aj `s `jterpretem crah tfe drifetypdl stdjmpa`jt, `t `s prahat`jg  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a. dt`a.   ]fe suiiess ac suif `jterpretdt`ajs hdy ne expressem `j mredhs ny tfe esidpe ar reledse ac idgem n`rms ar sahe atfer dusp`i`aus upwdrm havehejt. @t sfaulm ne stdtem dt tfe autset tfdt tfe syhnal`sh ac tfe dlifeh`idl  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`h dt`a   fds jatf`jg ta ma w`tf Creum`dj tfeary ac sunl`hdt`aj. Diiarm`jg ta F`j s`e djm Idhpnell‑s  Rsyi  Rsyif`dtr`i f`dtr`i M`it`ajdry M`it`ajdry,,  tfe terh “sunl`hdt`aj‘ ds usem `j  psy ifa djd lys `s `s mec `je m ds, .tf e pra iess ac ham `cy `jg dj `js t`j itu dl `hp uls e `j suif d wdy ds ta iajcarh ta tfe mehdjms ac sai`ety. Yunl`hdt`aj `s d sunst`tute dit`v`ty wf`if g`ves sahe hedsure ac grdt`c`idt`aj ta tfe `jcdjt`le `hpulse wf`if fds neej repum`dtem `j `ts ar`g`jdl carh Ujl`oe tfe usudl mecejses, `j sunl`hdt`aj tfe ega `s jat dit`jg `j appas`t`aj ta tfe `m? aj tfe iajtrdry, `t `s felp`jg tfe `m ta gd`j exterjdl express`aj. Yunl`hdt`aj, `j atfer warms, maes jat `jvalve repress`aj.‘ >   Kujg m`st`jgu`sfes Creum`dj sunl`hdt`aj crah tfe dlifeh`idl  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a t`a   `j

tf`s pdssdge crah f`s letters? “ Yunl`hdt`a Yunl`hdt`a   `s pdrt ac tfe raydl drt wfere tfe true galm `s hdme. Ac tf`s Creum ojaws jatf`jg, warse st`ll, fe ndrr`idmes dll tfe  pdt fs tfd t iau lm ledm ta tfe tru e  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a. dt`a. ]f`s `s kust dnaut tfe appas`te ac wfdt Creum ujmerstdjms ny sunl`hdt`aj. @t `s jat d valujtdry djm cari`nle  cari`nle  ifdjjel`jg ac `jst`jit `jta d spur`aus c`elm ac dppl`idt`aj, nut dj dlifyh`idl trdjscarhdt`aj car trdjscarhdt`aj  car wf`if c`re wf`if  c`re djm  djm tfe nldio  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d dre  dre jeemem. Yunl`hdt`a Yunl`hdt`a `s  `s d gredt hystery. Creum fds dpprapr`dtem tf`s iajiept djm usurpem `t car tfe spfere ac tfe w` ll djm tfe naurgea`s, rdt`ajdl`st`i etfas.‘ 9  

>

F`js`e djm Idhpnell,  Rsyif`dtr`i M`it`ajdry, M`it`ajdry, pp. 300c.

KKujg, Letters. 4;474.

 

 

Yd

tell`te Rf ac a   .

C@GU^E 5 - 4 r  6 dpf ac Idpe Iam djm S`i`j`ty (Rfata Dtlds ac tfe Uj`tem  

Ytdtes.)

 

Car tfe dlifeh`st, tfe praiess ac sunl`hdt`aj wds exper`ejiem `j syhnal`i `hdges. Fe, car exdhple, h`gft see d n`rm cly`jg up crah tfe hdtter `j tfe lawer pdrt ac tfe vessel ta tfe upper reg`ajs. ]fe dlifeh`idl vessel wds equdtem w`tf tfe hdiraiash, `ts lawer pdrt ne`jg tfe edrtf djm `ts upper pdrt, fedvej. ]fe sunl`hdte clees edrtf djm `s trdjs partem ta fedvej. D text sdys, “Dt tfe ejm ac tfe sunl`hdt`aj tfere gerh`jdtes tfraugf tfe hem`dt`aj ac tfe sp`r`t, d sf`j`jg wf`te saul

_dj`hd Idjm`mdX

wf`if cl`es up ta fedvej w`tf tfe sp`r`t. ]f`s `s iledrly

= djm hdj`cestly tfe staje‘  (see c`gure 5->).

]f`s “wf`te saul‘ `s actej represejtem ny d wf`te n`rm ne`jg reledsem crah tfe hdter`dl ne`jg fedtem. Aje p`iture sfaws d hdj ne`jg iaaoem `j d wdter ndtf w`tf d wf`te n`rm eherg`jg crah f`s fedm (see c`gure 5-

C4GU^E 5-> Yunl`hdl`a. (Ydpejt`d ve`eruh pf`lasapfaruh pf`lasapfaruh s`ve maitr`jd earujmuj` me suhhd el uj`versdl` hem`i`jd.   46tf iejtury. Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque me 4 ‑Drsejdl, HY. 07=. ^epr`jtem `j hem`i`jd. Merald, ]fe Yeiret Drt ac Dlifehy.)

‚Tuatem `j Kujg. Rsyifalagy dj`l Dlifehy. ÇW  4>.   4>. pdr. =3>.

 

YUNUHD ja

C@GU^E 5-9 Extrdit`aj ac tfe Wf`te Mave (]r`shas`j, Yplejmar Yal`s.  Yal`s.  456>.)

9)  .

D pdrdllel ta tf`s p`iture aiiurrem `j tfe idse ac d yaujg wahdj wfa wds

ejmur`jg dj `jtejse djm pd`jcul dit`vdt`aj ac tfe ujiajsi`aus. Yfe mredhem,

 @ dh `j d fasp`tdl fasp`tdl,, pregjdjt nut jat qu`te redmy car n`rtf. @ ga ta sleep djm wfej @ wdoe up `t `s very mdro. @ ceel sahetf`jg press`jg aj hy r`ns very fdrm djm `t seehs ds `c tf`s ujseej exter`ar pressure `s cari`jg he ta g`ve n`rtf. D va`ie sdys, “Faw waulm yau l`oe ta fdve d saj1" Ds @ waoe up tfe `hdgery iajt`juem. @ sdw d g`rl l`oe tfe aje `j Hujif‑s l`t  l`t fagrdpf, fagrdpf,   “]fe Iry.‘ Fer hautf `s d i`riuldr apej`jg. Yfe `s `j d wf`te i`rile surraujmem ny hare i`riles ac nldio l`jes. Aut ac fer hautf iahes d farme ac maves ar wf`te p`geajs   (see c`gure 5-=).  

]f`s mredh `jcarhs tfe pdt`ejt tfdt tfe djx`ety sfe `s ejmur`jg `s Rdrt ac d ldrger trdjscarhdt`aj praiess, `j wf`if tfe ega `s fedtem ny

 

C@GU^E 5-= ]fe Iry (Hujif, 4605. Asla, Jdt`ajdl Huseuh. ^epr`jtem `j

Grdpf`i Waros ac

 Emvdrm Hujif.) Hujif.) 

farrar `j armer ta nr`jg cartf d jew n`rtf, tfe “sunl`hdte,‘ represejtem ny tfe claio ac maves. Mredhs ac n`rms gejerdlly recer ta  sun  sunl`l`h hd`` d``a, a,  djm n`rm  pfa n`d s hdy `jm `id te cedr ac d jei essd ry  sunl`h  sunl`hd``a. d``a.   ]fey dre dlsa actej iajjeitem w`tf d cedr ac medtf, medtf ne`jg tfe ult`hdte  sunl`h  sunl`hd``a d``a wfereny tfe saul `s sepdrdtem crah tfe namy. Aje dspeit ac  sunl`h  sunl`hd``a d``a   averldps w`tf  sepdrd  sepdrdt`a t`a   syhnal`sh ” jdhely, j dhely, `ts use ds dj extrdit`aj praiemure. Car `jstdjie, heriury idj ne extrditem crah iertd`j iahpaujms ny fedt`jg. @t vdpar`zes, sunl`hdtes, djm redppedrs aj tfe

iaaler part`aj ac tfe vessel. Dj edrly text dllumes ta tf`s praiess; “Ga ta tfe wdters ac tfe J`le djm tfere yau w`ll c`jm d staje tfdt fds d sp`r`t (pjeuhd (pjeuhd). ). ]doe tf`s, m`v`me `t, tfrust `j yaur fdjm djm mrdw aut `ts fedrt; car `ts saul (psyife) `s (psyife)  `s `j `ts fedrt. _Dj `jterpaldtar

 

dmms;X ]fere, fe sdys yau w`ll c`jm tf`s staje tfdt fd* d sp`r`t, wf`if recers ta tfe expuls`aj ac tfe qu`ios`lver (exfymrdrgyras`s ( exfymrdrgyras`s)," )," 5   ]f`s “expuls`aj ac t fe

qu`ios`lver‘ `s maje ny  sunl`hdt  sunl`hdt`a, `a,   wf`if reledses tfe sp`r`t f`mmej `j hdtter. @j tfe ldrgest sejse, tf`s recers psyifalag`idlly ta tfe remehpt`aj ac tfe Yelc crah `ts ar`g`jdl ujiajsi`aus stdte. ]fe expuls`aj ac tfe qu`ios`lver idj dlsa  ne exp er` eji em `j less er wdys ds tfe ext rdi t`a j a c hedj`jg  crah   crah fedvy haams, crah iajirete evejts, ar crah tfe cditudl`ty ac jdture (see c`gure 5-5). Nertfelat pa`jts aut tfdt tfe Greeo warm tfdt tfe Ldt`j dlifeh`sts trdjsldtem ds “ sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a‘ wds rf`j`shd rf`j`shd,, wf`if ar`g` jdlly hedjt “c`l`jgs." ]f`s expressem tfe `med ac tfe extrehe dttejudt`aj ac hdtter. ]fe sdhe `med wds dttdifem ldter ta tfe terh “dliaal`sdt`aj‘ wf`if s`gj`c`es remui t`aj ta tfe stdte ac dj `hpdlpdnle pawmer. 3   D text sdys, “@c yau ma jat hdoe tfe nam`es suntle, sa tfdt tfey hdy ne `hpdlpdnle ta tauif, yau w`ll jat gd`j yaur ejm. @c tfey fdve jat neej graujm, repedt yaur aperdt`aj, djm see tfdt tfey dre graujm djm sunt`l`zem.‘ 7   ]fus,  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a   idj hedj “gr`jm`jg‘ ar “fdhher`jg‘ ta nr`jg dnaut dj dttejudt `aj ac tfe hdter`dl. Sery c`je pawmer dppradifes d gds `j `ts iajs`stejiy. Jate dlsa tfdt tfe syhnal`sh ac gr`jm`jg iajtd`js tfe hardl idtegar`es ac gaam djm ndm. Rawmer hdme up ac shdll  pdr t`i les `s idl lem “c`je, “c` je,‘‘ tfd t w`tf w`t f ldrge ldr ge pdrt `il es `s “iad rse .‘ ]a   ne gaam `s ta ne well pulver`zem. Ejiaujter w`tf tfe juh`jasuh juh`jasuh hdy  hdy fdve d pulver`z`jg

ecceit, ds `jm`idtem ny tfe sdy`jg, “]faugf tfe h`lls ac Gam gr`jm slawly, yet tfey gr`jm exieem`jg shdll.‘ “Cal`dt`aj‘ fds tfe sdhe `hpl` idt`aj. D rei`pe hejt`ajem edr l`er l `er redms, “Yaw yaur galm `j wf`te cal`dtem edrtf‘” tfdt t fdt `s, `j sunl`hdtem edrtf. Cal`dt`aj `s maje ny fdhher`jg. ]fese l`jes ny ^`loe idj tfus ne iajs`merem ds djjauji`jg dj `hpejm`jg  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a'. dt`a'.   Wfdt laios `tselc `j ejmurdjie graws r`g`m? sfelterem `j ujdssuh`jg greyjess, maes `t ceel sdce1 Wd`t, crah tfe m`stdjie fdrmjess `s hejdiem ny sahetf`jg st`ll fdrmer. Dlds ” ; d rehate fdhher `s pa`sem ta str`oe.*

@j Yfdoespedre‑s  Djtajy djm Ileap Ileapdtrd dtrd,, ds Ejandrnus iahh`ts su`i`me `j reharse car f`s meceit`aj crah Djtajy, tf`s `hdge ac  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`hdt`a   ny  pul ver `zd t`a j ` s w ruj g c rah f`h . F e `s sped o`j g t a t fe haaj .

‑@n`m.,  pdr. =25. ‚Nertfelat, Ialleit`aj mes Dji`ejs Dlifeh`stes Greis , 4;>42.   Oelly, ]fe Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ac Emwdrm Oelly , p. 9=.   "^`loe, Yajjets ta Arpfeus, pt. >, sajjet 4>. (@ fdve jat neej dnle ta laidte tfe saurie ac tf`` trdjsldt`aj, nut see Yajjets ta Arpfeus, trdjs. I. C. Hdi@jtyre, i`tem `j tfe N`nl`agrdpfy.)

 

 

C@GU^E 5-5 Extrdit`aj ac Heriur`us djm Iarajdt`aj ac tfe S`rg`j. Lawer Level; Heriur`us (^epresejtem ds d Hajstras`ty) Ne`jg Extrditem crah tfe  Rr`hd Hdter`d .   Upper Level; Dssuhpt`aj djm Iarajdt`aj ac tfe S`rg`j, ]rdjscarh`jg tfe ]r`j`ty `jta d Tudterj`ty (Ypeiuluh tr`j`tdt`s crah tr`j`tdt`s crah ^eusjer,  Rdjmard,  4566. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg.  Rsyifala gy djm Dlifehy .)  

 

A savere`gj h`stress ac true heldjifaly, ]fe pa`sajaus mdhp ac j`gft m`spajge upaj he. ]fdt l`ce, d very renel ta hy w`ll, Hdy fdjg ja lajger aj he? tfraw hy fedrt Dgd`jst tfe cl`jt djm fdrmjess ac hy cdult. Wf`if, ne`jg mr`em w`tf gr`ec, w`ll nredo ta pawmer, Djm c`j`sf dll caul tfaugfts. (Dit =, si. 0, l`jes 4>-46)

D text crah Rdrdielsus sdys, “Car, ds crah dll pfleghdt`i djm wdtery ankeits, wdter dsiejms `j m`st`lldt`aj, djm `s sepdrdtem crah `ts namy, sa, `j tfe praiess ac sunl`hdt`aj, `j mry sunstdjies suif ds h`jerdls, tfe sp`r`tudl `s rd`sem crah tfe iarparedl, sunt`l`sem, djm tfe pure sepdrdtem crah tfe `hpure.‘ 0   Fere  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a   `s mesir`nem ds d pur`c`idt`aj. Wfej hdtter djm sp`r`t dre `jterh`xem `j d stdte ac ujiajsi`aus iajtdh`jdt`aj, tfey hust ne pur`c`em  ny sep drd t`a j. @j tf` s `hp ure st dte , tfe tf e sp `r` t hus t c`r st see o `t s awj  pur`t  pu r`t y dj m w`l l se e dll tfdt tf dt per td `js ta cl es esf f dj djm m hd tt er  ” tfe t fe iajirete, tfe  per sa sajd jd l, tfe tf e mes `r e- ldm ej ” ds d s tfe ejehy ta ne averiahe. ]fe wfale f`stary ac iulturdl evalut`aj idj ne seej ds d gredt  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`hdt`a pr  pr aie ss `j wf`if fuhdj ne`jgs ledrj faw ta see tfehselves djm tfe`r warlm ankeit`vely. Yta`i pf`lasapfy wds aje vdst eccart ta tedif fuhdjs faw ta dif`eve tfe Yta`i gadl ac dpdtf`d dpdtf`d   ny gett`jg dnave tfe pdss`ajs tfdt t`e

tfeh ta tfe edrtf. Y`h`ldrly, Rldta‑s `medl`sh, ds well ds dll ldter `medl`st`i systehs, str`ve ta presejt l`ce `j terhs ac eterjdl carhs djm uj`versdl `meds `j armer ta averiahe tfe gdll`jg fuhdj najmdge ta tfe iajt`jgeji`es ac hdtter. ^edsaj, wf`if g`ves peaple d stdjmpa`jt auts`me tfe`r persajdl l`oes djm m`sl`oes, neiahes dj `jm`spejsdnle dgejt ac  sunl`hdt`a ny  sunl`hdt`a  ny tedif`jg tfeh faw ta ne recl eit`ve speitdtars ac tfehselves. Yifapejfduer puts `t nedut`cully; _@t `sX `jmeem wajmercul ta see, faw hdj, nes`mes f`s l`ce `j tfe iajirete, dlwdys l`ves d seiajm l`ce `j tfe dnstrdit. @j tfe carher fe `s dndjmajem ta dll tfe starhs ac redl`ty djm ta tfe `jcluejie ac tfe presejt? fe hust struggle, succer, djm m`e l`oe tfe dj`hdl. Nut f`s l`ce `j tfe dnstrdit, ds `t stdjms necare f`s rdt`ajdl iajsi`ausjess, `s tfe idlh recleit`aj ac f`s l`ce `j tfe iajirete. djm ac tfe warlm `j wf`if fe l`ves QQQQ Fere `j tfe spfere ac idlh mel`nerdt`aj, wfdt prev`ausly passessem f`h iahpletely djm havem f`h `jtejsely dppedrs ta f`h ialm, ialarless, djm, car tfe hahejt, care`gj djm strdjge? fe `s d here speitdtar djm anserver. @j respeit ac tf`s w`tfmrdwdl `jta recleit`aj, fe `s l`oe dj ditar wfa fds pldyem f`s pdrt `j aje sieje, djm tdoes f`s pldie `j tfe dum`ejie ujt`l fe hust dppedr dgd`j. @j tfe dum`ejie fe qu`etly laaos aj dt wfdtever hdy fdppej, evej tfaugf `t ne tfe prepdrdt`aj car f`s awj medtf _`j tfe pldyX? nut tfej fe gaes aj tfe stdge, djm dits djm succers ds fe hust. 42  

‑Rdrdielsus, ]fe Ferhet`i djm Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ac Rdrdielsus Rdrdielsus,, 4;45>.  4;45>.   "Yifapejfduer, ]fe Warlm ds W`ll djm ^epresejtdt`aj, ^epresejtdt`aj,  p. 45>.  45>.  

 

]fe idpdi`ty ta get dnave djm see ajeselc ankeit`vely `s tfe dn`l`ty ta m`ssai`dte. ]fe use ac tf`s warm `hhem`dtely `jm`idtes tfe mdjger ac  sunl`hdt`a.  sunl`h dt`a.   Edif ac tfe dlifeh`idl aperdt`ajs fds `ts awj pdtfalag`idl syhptahdtalagy wfej idrr`em ta extrehes, nut hamerj `jm`v`mudls prandnly h`suse  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a t`a   hare tfdj tfe atfers. ]fe dn`l`ty ac tfe psyife ta m`ssai`dte `s natf tfe saurie ac ega iajsi`ausjess djm tfe iduse ac hejtdl `lljess. Ds d s`jgle exdhple, @ reidll d yaujg hdj wfah @ sdw wf`le waro`jg dt ^aioldjm Ytdte Fasp`tdl. Fe wds d nr`ll`djt stumejt ac hdtfehdt`is. Fawever, fe fdm fdm ja cr`ejms ar sai`dl reldt`ajs, djm fe m`m jat evej ledrj tfdt tfere dre djdtah`idl m`ccerejies netweej nays djm g`rls ujt`l fe wejt ta iallege. Fe wds ujehplayem djm l`v`jg w`tf f`s hatfer ujt`l fasp`tdl`zem callaw`jg dj autnurst ac v`alejie dt f`s hatfer car jat fdv`jg tfe telev`s`aj set repd`rem. Wfej 4 dsoem f`h dnaut f`s mredhs, fe talm he tfe callaw`jg; / ajie mredhem tfdt   / fdm il`hnem d ldmmer ta d f`gf pldtcarh, djm tfdt tfej  sahenamy  sahen amy rehave rehavem m tfe ldmmer sa tfdt @ wds l ect strdjme strdjmem m aj tfe fe`gft w`tf ja wdy ac gett`jg mawj dgd`j.  Djatferr t`he @ wds il`hn`jg  Djatfe il`hn`jg d ldmmer h`les dnave tfe edrtf's surcdie surcdie w`tf  sahetf`jg  sahetf `jg `hpell` `hpell`jg jg he ajwdrm. @ mdrem jat ta laao mawj car cedr ac neiah`j neiah`jg g m`zzy djm lett`jg ga ac tfe rujg.

 Djatfer t`he  t`he  / wds spredm-edglem aj tfe gldss claar ac d wdll-less elevdtar. ]fere wds ja sfdct. D fymrdul`i p`staj wds pusf`jg tfe claar ever upwdrms. @ wds cedrcully peer`jg aver tfe emge ac tfe claar, wdtif`jg tfe edrtf reieme `j tfe m`stdjie. ]f`s yaujg hdj wds trdg`idlly idugft `j tfe drifetypdl myjdh`sh ac  sunl`hdt`a   ds dj dutajahaus praiess ac m`ssai`dt`aj. @t `hpellem f`h  sunl`hdt`a curtfer djm curtfer crah persajdl, edrtfy redl`ty ujt`l tfe `jev`tdnle ejdjt`amrah`d sejt f`h irdsf`jg ta tfe graujm. D mredh w`tf s`h`ldr `hdgery nut vdstly m`ccerejt autiahe `s repartem  ny Ehe rs rsaj aj.. @j 46 =2 dt tfe dg e ac 97 wf` le pr epd r` jg f`s  Essdys; C`rst Yer`es car Yer`es  car punl`idt`aj fe mredhem; /  cladtem dt w`ll `j tfe gredt Etfer, djm @ sdw tf`s warlm cladt`jg dlsa jat cdr acc, nut m`h`j`sfem ta tfe s`ze ac dj dpple. ]fej dj djgel taao `t `j f`s fdjm djm nraugft `t ta he djm sd`m “]f`s hust tfau edt.‘ Djm @ dte tfe warlm . 44  

D mredh ac cladt`jg `j tfe “gredt Etfer‘ seehs syhnal`idlly dpprapr`dte car tfe dutfar ac Ehersaj`dj trdjsiejmejtdl`sh. ]f`s mredh `s grdjm rdtfer tfdj grdjm`ase. @j iajtrdst ta tfe prev`aus mredhs, tf`s aje

]fe Kaurjdls djm H`sielldjeaus Jatenaaos ac ^dlpf Wdlma Ehersaj ,   7;5>5.

 

YUN@.@HD

ja

iajtd`js `ts awj iarreit`ve cditar. ]fe extrehe  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a t`a `  ` s ia iah h pejs dtem ny tfe iadguldl`a iadguldl`a `hdge  `hdge ac edt`jg tfe dpple ac tfe warlm.   D nedut`cul paet`i evaidt`aj ac tfe  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a haam  haam `s caujm `j tfese l`jes crah H`ltaj‑s //  Rejs  Rejserasa erasa;; Ar let hy ldhp dt h`mj`gft faur, Ne seej `j sahe f`gf lajely ]awer, Wfere 4 hdy act aut-wdtif tfe Nedr, W`tf tfr`ie gredt Ferhes, ar ujspfere ]fe sp`r`t ac Rldta ta ujcalm Wfdt warlms, ar wfdt vdst

^eg`ajs falm ]f‑ `hhartdl h`jm tfdt fdtf carsaao Fer hdjs`aj `j tf`s clesfly jaao.

]fe `hdge ac tfe tawer `s d typ`idl  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a syhnal.  syhnal. Fexdgrdh >2 ac tfe  @ If`jg   ejt`tlem “Iajtehpldt`aj (S`ew)‘ represejts d tawer djm mesir`nes tfe sdhe o`jm ac iajtehpldt`aj ac tfe drifetypdl redlh ds maes H`ltaj. ]fe  @ If`jg  spedos   spedos ac tfase wfa iajtehpldte “tfe hedj `jg ujmerly`jg tfe waro`jgs ac tfe uj`verse‘ djm “dpprefejm tfe hyster`aus djm m`v`je ldws ac l`ce, djm  ny hed js ac pr acau jme st `jj er iaj iej trd t` aj tfe y g`v e exp res s`a j ta tfe se

ldws `j tfe`r awj persajs.‘ 4>   ]fe tawer `hdge idhe up `j d mredh ac h`je dcter dttejm`jg dj `hpress`ve leiture aj hytfalagy. @ mredhem;  @ see d stupejmausly stupejmausly f`g f`gf f tawer. @t `s d nradm nradmidst`jg idst`jg ta tawer wer car d rdm` rdm`a a jetwaro. jetwaro. Aje il`hns `t ny d ldmmer nu`lt aj tfe auts`me. D hdj `s tfere wfase kan `t `s ta aperdte tfe tawer. Edif mdy fe il`hns ta tfe tap `j tfe harj`jg djm mesiejms dgd`j dt j`gft. @ dso f`h `c `t `sj‑t m`cc`iult. Fe sdys, "jat dt dll." @ redl`ze tfdt @ waulm ne very reluitdjt ta il`hn ta suif d fe`gft. ]fe mredh p`itures hy redit`aj ta tfe leiture. 4 wds mdzzlem ny `ts  nr` ll` djie djm nra dm per spei t`v e. Dsi ejt ta d fe` gft g`v es aje d per spe i t` ve v`ew jat dvd`ldnle crah tfe graujm. ]fus `j hytfalag`idl djm rel`g`aus `hdgery dsiejs`aj actej diiahpdj`es reveldt`aj ac tfe m`v`je redlh. Gam heets fuhdj`ty aj tfe haujtd`j ” car c ar exdhple, Hases aj Y`jd`. ]fe persaj

wfa `s vauifsdcem d reveldt`aj crah Gam `s actej “l`ctem up‘ djm trdjspartem ta fedvej. Car `jstdjie, d v`s`aj ac Ezeo`el neg`js, “]fej 4 nefelm, djm la, d carh tfdt fdm tfe dppedrdjie ac d hdj? nelaw wfdt dppedrem ta ne f`s la`js `t wds c`re, djm dnave f`s la`js `t wds l`oe tfe dppedrdjie ac nr`gftjess, l`oe gledh`jg nrajze. Fe put cartf tfe carh ac d fdjm, djm taao he ny d laio ac hy fd`r? djm tfe Yp`r`t l`ctem he up netweej edrtf djm fedvej, djm nraugft he `j v`s`ajs ac Gam ta Kerusdleh‘ (Ezeo. 6;>, 9, ^YS).  

l>

W`lfeltj, trdjs., / If`jg ar Naao ac Ifdjges Ifdjges,, p. 99.

 

Ejaif `s djatfer c`gure wfa reie`ves d reveldt`aj ny dsiejs`aj. @j tfe  pse ume p`g rdp fdl Yeirets ac Ejaif  Ejaif  fe `s l`ctem up ny djgels djm g`vej d gu`mem taur tfraugf tfe tej fedvejs, djm c`jdlly fe sees Gam f`hselc. Diiarm`jg ta papuldr legejm, Hafdhhdm wds trdjspartem nam`ly tfraugf tfe sevej fedvejs ta tfe presejie ac Gam car tfe purpases ac reveldt`aj. ]fe syhnal`sh ac sfdhdj`sh dlsa fds tfe hat`c ac dsiejt ta reveldt`aj. ]fe sfdhdj il`hns tfe warlm p`lldr, ar tfe iash`i ldmmer, ar hdoes d hdg`idl cl`gft `j sedrif ac d superjdturdl reveldt`aj. 49   D gaam exdhple ac  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a t`a syhnal`sh  syhnal`sh `s caujm `j dj dji`ejt H`tfrd`i

r`tudl ac `j`t`dt`aj. ]f`s sdhe r`tudl iajtd`js tfe `hdge ac tfe suj‑s  pfd llu s tfd t c`r st lem Kuj g ta tfe m`s iave ry ac tfe dri fet ypes . 4=   ]fe r`tudl

 neg`js  neg `js w`tf w`t f d prdyer pr dyer ; “A Rra v`meji v`m eji e, A Cartuj Car tuj e, nest aw aj he ]fy grdie ” `hpdrt`jg ` hpdrt`jg tfese tfe hyster`es d Cdtfer ajly hdy fdjm aj, djm tfdt, taa, ta d saj dlaje ” f`s f `s `hhartdl`ty ” _d _ d YajX `j`t`dte, wartfy ac tf`s aur irdct, w`tf wf`if Yuj H`tfrds, tfe Gredt Gam, iahhdjmem he ta ne ejmawem ny f`s drifdjgel? sa tfdt @ Edgle (ds @ dh ny hy awj selc) dlaje hdy sadr ta Fedvej, djm iajtehpldte dll tf`jgs.‘   Dcter curtfer prdyers, tfe r`tudl praieems w`tf tfese `jstruit`ajs; ]doe crah tfe _suj-X rdys nredtf, `jfdl`jg tfr`ie _ds meeplyX ds tfau idjst? djm tfau sfdlt see tfyselc ne`jg rd`sem dlact, djm sadr`jg tawdrms tfe Fe`gft, sa tfdt

tfau seeh‑st ta ne `j h`mst ac d`r. ]fau sfdlt fedr jdugft, jar hdj jar nedst? jar sfdlt tfau see dugft ac tfe s`gfts upaj tfe edrtf, `j tfdt sdhe faur, nut dll tf`jgs tfau sfdlt see w`ll ne `hhartdl. Car tfau sfdlt see, `j tfdt sdhe mdy djm faur, tfe M`spas`t`aj ac tfe Gams ” ttfe fe rul`jg Gams dsiejm`jg fedvejwdrms, tfe atfer ajes mesiejm`jg. Djm tfraugf f`s m`si ”   tfe Gam's, hy Cdtfer‑s” tfere t fere sfdll ne seej tfe Wdy-ac-ga`jg ac tfe Gams diiess`nle ta s`gft.

]f`s `s callawem ny ejiaujters w`tf vdr`aus m`v`je c`gures djm iulh`jdtes

`j tfe dpatfeas`s ac tfe `j`t`dte w`tf tfese warms; “A Larm, ne`jg narj dgd`j, 4 pdss dwdy `j ne`jg hdme Gredt, djm, fdv`jg neej hdme Gredt, @ m`e. Ne`jg narj crah aut tfe stdte ac n`rtf-djm-medtf tfdt g`vetf n`rtf ta (hartdl) l`ves, @ jaw, set cree, pdss ta tfe stdte trdjsiejm`jg n`rtf, ds ]fau fdst 45 stdnl`sfem `t, diiarm`jg ds ]fau fdst armd`jem djm hdme tfe Hystery."   ]f`s r`tudl wds hedjt ta nr`jg dnaut d reveldt`aj ac tfe m`v`je redlh djm ta iajcer `hhartdl`ty aj tfe `j`t`dte ny hedjs ac dj dsiejt ta fedvej. @j  psy ifa lag `id l ter hs, `t `s d rev eldt `aj ac tfe dri fet ypdl psyi fe wf` if reledses aje crah d persajdl ega-dtt`tume, ejdnl`jg aje ta exper`ejie ajeselc ds dj `hhartdl ” tfdt t fdt `s, ds l`v`jg w`tf drifetypdl

l5

El`dme,

4=

Kujg,

‑‑M`eter`if,

dhdj sh; ri d i e yh a i e. rd i ud .

46.

 

redl`t`es djm hdo`jg d iajtr`nut`aj ta tfe drifetypdl psyife. Y`h`ldr exper`ejies ac reveldt`aj aiiur `j hamerj mredhs djm v`s`ajs. Car exdhple, Mr. L`l`dje Crey fdm neej tf`jo`jg meeply dnaut medtf djm fer awj hytf

iajierj`jg medtf ds d trdjscarhdt`aj. Yfe wr`tes; “Medtf iajs`sts ac tfe h`rdile ac trdjscarhdt`aj `jta d jew carh ac ex`stejie. Medtf `s car he tfe gdte ta d jew n`rtf, djm tfe nredo`jg-tfraugf ac tfe trdjsiejmejtdl redlh `jta aur ehp`r`idl ex`stejie. 4 dh iajv`jiem tfdt we exper`ejie d iahplete trdjscarhdt`aj ac aur ne`jg `j tfe ldst hahejts ac aur l`ce. Y`hultdjeausly `tf tfe medtf ac namy djm ega- persajdl`ty, sahetf`jg jew gets narj wf`if 43 `s je`tfer hdtter jar sp`r`t nut natf tagetfer `j dj `jmeterh`jdnle wdy.‘   Wf`le mevelap`jg tfese tfaugfts sfe fdm d very `hpress`ve mredh `j wf`if  sfe wds cly`jg f`gfer djm f`gfer f`gfer `j d pldje espei`dlly iajstruitem iajstruitem car fer djm  sfe fdm fdm d w wajmercu ajmercull v`ew ac tfe Dlps, dll `hh `hhersem ersem `j mee meep p nlue. nlue.'  ' 4  K. N. Rr`estley repartem tf`s very `hpress`ve  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a-re dt`a-revecd``aj vecd``aj mredh;  @ mredh mredhtt tfdt 4 wds stdjm`jg dt tfe tap ac d very f`gf tawer, dlaje, laao`jg mawj upaj hyr`dms ac n`rms dll cly`jg `j aje m`reit`aj? every o`jm ac n`rm wds tfere, dll tfe n`rms `j tfe warlm.  @t wds d janle s`gft, s`gft, tf`s vdst der der`dl `dl r`ver ac n`rm n`rms. s. Nut jaw `j sah sahee hyster`aus hyster`aus  cdsf`aj tfe ged gedrr wds ifdjgem, ifdjgem, djm t`he sspeemem peemem up, sa tfdt @ sd sdw w gejerdt`ajs gejerdt`ajs ac n`rms, wdtifem tfeh nredo tfe`r sfells, clutter `jta l`ce, hdte, wedoej, cdlter, djm m`e. W`jgs grew ajly ta iruhnle? nam`es were sleeo djm tfej, `j d cldsf, nlem djm sfr`vellem? djm medtf struio everywfere dt every seiajm. Wfdt wds tfe use ac dll tf`s nl`jm struggle tawdrms l`ce, tf`s edger try`jg ac w`jgs, tf`s furr`em hdt`jg, tf`s cl`gft djm surge, dll tf`s g`gdjt`i hedj`jgless n`alag`idl eccart1 Ds @  stdrem mawj, seeh`jg seeh`jg ta see every iredtur iredture‑s e‑s `gjanle l`ttle f`stary dlhast dt d  gldjie,, @celt s`io dt fedrt. @t waulm  gldjie waulm ne netter `c jat aje ac tfeh, `c jat aje ac us dll, fdm neej narj, `c tfe struggle iedsem carever. @ staam aj hy tawer, st`ll dlaje, mesperdtely ujfdppy. Nut jaw tfe gedr wds ifdjgem dgd`j, djm t`he wejt cdster st`ll, djm `t wds rusf`jg ny dt suif d rdte, tfdt tfe n`rms iaulm jat  sfaw djy havehejt, havehejt, nut were l`oe dj ejarhaus pld`j sawj w`tf cedtfers. cedtfers. Nut dlajg tf`s pld`j, cl`ioer`jg tfraugf tfe nam`es tfehselves, tfere jaw pdssem d  sart ac ac wf`te wf`te cldhe, cldhe, treh trehnl`jg, nl`jg, mdji`jg, mdji`jg, tfe tfej j furr furry`jg y`jg aj? aj? djm

Z Well ac L`v`jg Wdters, pp. Wdters,  pp. 49c.  49c.  

"•n`m., p. |=.  

 

ds saaj ds / ds /  sdw `t @ ojew tfdt tfdt tf`s wf wf`te `te cldhe w wds ds l`ce `tse `tselc, lc, tfe very qu`jtess qu`jtessejie ejie ac ne`jg? djm tfej `t idhe ta he `j d raioet- nurst ac eistdiy, tfdt jatf`jg hdtterem, jatf`jg iaulm ever hdtter, neiduse jatf`jg else wds redl, nut tf`s qu`ver`jg djm furry`jg ldhnejiy ac ne`jg. N`rms, hej ar iredtures jat yet sfdpem djm ialarem, dll were ac ja diiaujt exiept sa cdr ds tf`s cldhe ac l`ce trdvellem tfraugf tfeh. @t lect jatf`jg ta haurj aver nef`jm `t? wfdt  /  / fdm tfaugft wds trdgemy wds here ehpt`jess ar d sfdmaw sfaw? car jaw dll redl ceel`jg wds idugft djm pur`c`em djm mdjiem aj eistdt`idlly w`tf tfe wf`te cldhe ac l`ce. l`ce . 46  

D s`h`ldr v`s`aj ac tfe praiess ac fuhdj f`stary ds tfaugf seej crah d vdst fe`gft wds exper`ejiem ny d wahdj wfa `s d paet; /  sdw tfe edrtf iaverem iaverem ny d s`jgle gredt gredt tree wfase hult`pl hult`plee raats cem aj tfe `jjer  suj ac galm, galm, tfe tfe   luhej jdturde.  @t wds d tree wfase wfase l`hns were hdme hdme ac l`gft d djm jm tfe nrdjifes were lav`jgly ejtdjglem sa tfdt `t hdme ac `tselc d jetwaro ac neduteaus lave. Djm `t seehem ds `c `t were l`ct`jg `tselc aut ac tfe nraoej seems ac hdjy, iaujtless egas wfa fdm jaw dllawem tfe aje Yelc ta nredo cartf. Djm wfej aje nefelm tf`s, tfe  suj djm tfe haaj djm tfe pldjets turjem turjem aut ta ne sahetf`jg qu`te, qu`te, qu`te atfer tfdj aje fdm tfaugft. Crah wfdt @ iaulm hdoe aut. tfe Larm F`hselc wds tfe Dlifeh`st djm aut ac tfe ialleit`ve swdrh`jg djm succer`jg, `gjardjie djm pallut`aj. Fe wds "try`jg' tfe galm . 40  

Djatfer exdhple ac d  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`aj t`aj   reveldt`aj iahes crah tfe LYM exper`ejie ac d pracess`ajdl wahdj wfa `s dlsa tfe hatfer ac tfree if`lmrej. Yfe mesir`nes fer exper`ejie `j tfese warms; @ ojew @ wds aj hy wdy wfej d releds`jg djm mel`i`aus sejse ac cladt`jg `j tfe dthaspfere taao aver djm ejgulcem hy ejt`re ne`jg. Hy sejse ac ne`jg iajtd`jem ny namy m`ssalvem. @ ldugfem w`tf mel`gft djm sd`m aut laum. "Jaw @ rehehner wfdt `t's l`oe ta ne w`tfaut d namy." @ wds `j iajtdit w`tf sahe level ac ne`jg, cully iajsi`aus nut w`tfaut ehnam`hejt. Dj dwdrejess taao carh `j hy h`jm tfdt @ fdm res`stem ne`jg narj `jta tfe warlm `j hy presejt `jidrjdt`aj. @ ujmerstaam wfy. D`r `s hy true elehejt, tfe hdtr`x ac hy ne`jg. ]fe eistdiy ac ne`jg cree ac namy, tfe dg`jg praiess, ndiodifes, fedmdifes, iredoy ka`jts ldstem dj eterj`ty. @ wds ja lajger iajc`jem ny tfe spdie-t`he

m`hejs`ajs ac edrtf. Faw dhdz`jg ta ne "he,‘ cully dwdre djm iajsi`aus, djm yet w`tfaut djy pfys`idl vif`ili.

]f`s wds callawem ny atfer exper`ejies, `jilum`jg tfe rel`v`jg ac fer awj n`rtf, djm tfej idhe tf`s c`jdl v`s`aj;

••Tuatem `j Dmler.

tu es j j jd d yt id

`0| dr j `jmentem ta Dl`ii Fawell car perh`ss`aj ta quate.

 

]fej negdj d iahplex iyile ac ldugfter djm tedrs? tfe ldugfter usudlly iajjeitem w`tf dj apej`jg ac tfe drhs djm legs, tfe weep`jg w`tf d iajtrdi t`aj djm ilas`jg ac tfe namy. @ havem ndio `j t`he tfraugf iaujtless dges ac hdjo`jm, exper`eji`jg `j hy namy iaujtless n`rtf, medtf, djm ren`rtf iyiles. 4 caujm hyselc `j m`ccerejt pdrts ac tfe warlm (hd`jly Eurape), hare w`tf s`hple pedsdjts, cdrhers, irdctshej tfdj o`jgs djm janles. @ wds nur`em ar  nur `em atf ers med r ta he, fdv `j g hy eye l` ms ila sem djm drh s iras sem ar  per car h`j g tf` s r` tud l car atf ers . ]fe pld `j waam ej nax `s law ere m `jt a tfe grdve, tfe m`rt `s spr`jolem aver tfe nax, tfe haurjers gr`eve. ]fej @ dh d wahdj g`v`jg n`rtf ar dss`st`jg `j tfe praiess. ]fere `s tfe iry ac tfe jewnarj `jcdjt, tfe i`riuldr sweep ac tfe hatfer's drhs ta gdtfer tfe if`lm ta fer nredst. N`rtf ir`es djm medtf rdttles `jterh`jgle `j d cl`ioer ac dj eyeldsf. @ redl`ze tfdt hy awj pldie `j tfe rfytfh`i pdtterj ac medtf djm n`rtf `s nut d hav`jg `jstdjt ” ddjm jm tfdt `s hare tfdj ejaugf. ]fe sejse ac ajejess w`tf tfe uj`verse, w`tf tfe n`rtf-medtf praiess exper`ejiem tfraugf hy Namy-Yelc tatdl`ty averwfelhs he w`tf grdie. @t `s ds tfaugf @ fdve neej g`vej d g`ct sa prei`aus @ jeem jever dso dgd`j, “Wfdt `s tfe hedj`jg ac hy l`ce1" >2  

]fe rehdrodnle s`h`ldr`ty  ne twe ej tf tf`s `s LYM v`s `a j dj djmm Rr` est le ley‑s y‑s mredh `jm`idtes tfdt suif exper`ejies fdve dj ankeit`ve vdl`m`ty? tfdt `s, tfey nedr w`tjess ta tfe redl`ty ac tfe psyife. Djatfer dspeit ac dsiejt syhnal`sh `s tfe tfehe ac trdjsldt`aj ta eterj`ty. Car `jstdjie, Ferdiles dsiejmem ta Alyhpus crah f`s cujerdl  pyr e, d qu`t qu `t e l` ter dl  sunl`hdt`a.  sunl`hdt`a.   Fe m`sdppedrem crah tfe edrtf djm redppedrem aj d f`gfer level ds d result ac ne`jg fedtem. ]fe sdhe tf`jg

fdppejem ta El`kdf (> O`jgs >;44, ^YS); “Nefalm, d ifdr`at ac c`re djm farses ac c`re sepdrdtem tfe twa ac tfeh _El`sfd djm El`kdfX. Djm El`kdf wejt up ny d wf`rlw`jm `jta fedvej‘ (see c`gure 5 -3). C`re dlsa sunl`hdtes El`kdf. Diiarm`jg ta @ Hdiidnees >;56, `t wds El`kdf's c`ery rel`g`aus `jtejs`ty tfdt diiaujtem car f`s dsiej s`aj. “El`kdf

car f`s iajsuh`jg cervaur car tfe ldw wds idugft up ta fedvej `tselc‘ (KN). Ifr`st dsiejmem ta fedvej carty mdys dcter f`s resurreit`aj (Dits 4;0). Diiarm`jg ta legejm, tfe S`rg`j Hdry dsiejmem `jta fedvej dt tfe t`he ac fer medtf, djm tfe Cedst ac tfe Dssuhpt`aj ac tfe S`rg`j fds neej aj tfe Ifurif idlejmdr (Dugust 45) s`jie tfe sevejtf iejtury, dltfaugf tfe dssuhpt`aj wds jat praild`hem ds maghd ujt`l 4052 (see c`gure 5-7), ]fe ar`g`j ac tfe syhnal`sh ac trdjsldt`aj ta eterj`ty `s prandnly Egypt. @j edrly Egypt`dj rel`g`aj tfe medm were tfaugft ta ne turjem `jta

stdrs ar iahpdj`ajs ac tfe suj. Kdhes Nredstem wr`tes; “@j tfe 'plijmar ac tfe h`gfty fedvejs tfe J`le-mweller.. .sdw tfe fast ac tfase wfa fdm  pre ie mem f` h? tf`t tf `t fer tfey tf ey fd m cla wj ds n` rms , r`s `jg dn dnav avee dl l caes ca es ac tfe tf e d`r, djm reie`vem ny ^e ds tfe iahpdj`ajs ac f`s ielest`dl ndrque, tfey jaw swept dirass tfe soy ds eterjdl stdrs.‘ >4  

*4 wdjt la (fdjo tfe dutfar ac tf`s diiaujt car fer gejeras`ty `j sfdr`jg tf`s `hpartdjt Hper`ejie.

 D F`stary ac Egypt,  D Egypt, p. 3=. 

Nredstem.

 

C@GU^E 5-3 Dsiejs`aj ac El`kdf (Marà,  N`nle @llustr @llustrdt`ajs. dt`ajs.)) 

D pyrdh`m text mesir`nes tfe trdjsldt`aj ac tfe medm o`jg ta tfe

fedvejly redlh `j tfese warms; “]fe o`jg dsiejms ta tfe soy dhajg tfe gams mwell`jg `j tfe soy

Fe _^eX g`ves tfee f`s drh aj tfe

std`rwdy ta tfe soy. ‚Fe wfa ojaws f`s pldie iahes,‑ sdy tfe gams. A Rure Aje. dssuhe tfy tfraje `j tfe ndrque ac ^e djm sd`l tfau tfe soy   Yd`l tfau w`tf tfe `hper`sfdnle stdrs, sd`l tfau w`tf tfe Ujwedr`em Ytdrs.‘ >>  Djm E. D. Wdll`s Numge wr`tes tfe callaw`jg; ]fe pr`h`t`ve nel`evem tfdt claar acpldte fedvej, wf`if dlsa carhem tfe soy ac tf`sEgypt`djs warlm, wds hdme ac djtfe `hhejse ac `raj, reitdjguldr `j sfdpe, tfe caur iarjers ac wf`if restem upaj caur p`lldrs wf`if servem ta hdro tfe idrm`jdl pa`jts. Aj tf`s pldte ac `raj l`vem tfe gams djm tfe nlessem medm, djm `t wds tfe d`h ac every gaam Egypt`dj ta ga tfere dcter medtf. Dt

“Nredstem,  Mevelaphejt ac ^el`g`aj djm djm ]faugft `j Dji`ejt Egypt. REgypt. R- 493.  493.  

 

 

C@GU^E 5-7 Dssuhpt`aj ac tfe S`rg`j (]fe Faurs ac Idtfer`je acIleves. ]fe acIleves.  ]fe Guejjal Ialleit`aj djm tfe R`erpajt Hargdj L`nrdry.)

iertd`j sdirem spats tfe emge ac tfe pldte wds sa jedr tfe taps ac tfe haujtd`js tfdt tfe meiedsem h`gft eds`ly ildhner aj ta `t djm sa antd`j dmh`ss`aj `jta fedvej, nut dt atfers tfe m`stdjie netweej `t djm tfe edrtf wds sa gredt tfdt fe jeemem felp ta redif `t. ]fere ex`stem tfe nel`ec tfdt As`r`s f`hselc exper`ejiem sahe m`cc`iulty `j gett`jg up ta tfe `raj pldte, djm tfdt `t wds ajly ny hedjs ac tfe ldmmer wf`if f`s cdtfer ^d prav`mem tfdt fe dt lejgtf dsiejmem `jta fedvej. Aj aje s`me ac tfe ldmmer staam ^d. djm aj tfe atfer staam Farus, tfe saj ac @s`s, djm edif gam dss`stem As`r`s ta haujt `t. Ar`g`jdlly tfe twa gudrm`djs ac tfe ldmmer were Farus tfe Elmer djm Yet. djm tfere dre severdl recerejies `j tfe edrly texts ta tfe felp wf`if tfey rejmerem ta tfe meiedsem, wfa wds, ac iaurse, `mejt`c`em w`tf tfe gam As`r`s. Nut, w`tf d v`ew e`tfer ac reh`jm`jg tfese gams ac tfe`r suppasem mutv, ar ac

L;

 

tfe medm namy `j tfe tahn, djm d spei`dl iahpas`t`aj wds prepdrem wf`if fdm tfe ecceit ac hdo`jg tfe ldmmer neiahe tfe hedjs ac tfe dsiejt ac tfe meiedsem `jta fedvej. ]fus `j tfe text wr`ttej car Rep` tfe meiedsem `s hdme ta dmmress tfe ldmmer `j tfese wa rms; “Fahdge ta tfee, A m`v`je Ldmmer! Fahdge ta tfee, A Ldmmer ac Yet! Ytdjm tfau upr`gft, A m`v`je Ldmmer! Ytdjm tfau upr`gft, A Ldmmer ac Yet! Ytdjm tfau upr`gft, A Ldmmer ac Farjs, wfereny As`r`s idhe cartf `jta fedvej.‘ >9  

]fe `jkujit`aj ta stdjm upr`gft `s reh`j`siejt ac tfe  Mkem   ar ]et  p` lld r. ]f` s il ds dss` s` i `hd ge ac tf e res urr eit em As` r`s laao la aoss reh dro dn ly l`oe d ldmmer `j sahe p`itures (see c`gure 5-6). ]fe praiess ac trdjsldt`aj ta eterj`ty wds grdpf`idlly represejtem `j djt`qu`ty ny tfe `hdge ac dsiejm`jg tfe ldmmer ac tfe pldjetdry spferes. Wfej d saul `s  narj  na rj `j ta dj edr tfly tf ly na my `t mes ie jms cra h fed ve j tfra tf raug ugf f tf e  pl dje tdr y sp spfe fe res dj djm m diq u`r es tfe tf e qu dl` t` es per td `j`j `j `jg g ta edi f. Hdiran`us wr`tes; Ny tfe `hpulse ac tfe c`rst we`gft tfe saul, fdv`jg stdrtem aj `ts mawjwdrm iaurse crah tfe `jterseit`aj ac tfe zam`di djm tfe H`loy Wdy ta tfe suiiess`ve spferes ly`jg nejedtf, ds `t pdsses tfraugf tfese spferes...diqu`res edif ac tfe dttr`nutes wf`if `t w`ll exeri`se ldter. @j tfe spfere ac Ydturj `t antd`js redsaj djm ujmerstdjm`jg, idllem lag`sl`oaj lag`sl`oaj djm  djm tfearet`- oaj? `j oaj? `j Kup`ter's spfere, tfe pawer ta dit, idllem  prdot`o  prdot`oaj\ aj\   `j Hdrs‑ spfere, d nalm sp`r`t ar `fyh`oarr,   `j tfe suj‑s spfere, sejse -periept`aj djm `hdg`jdt`aj, d`slfet`oaj `fyh`oarr, d`slfet`oaj   djm  pfdjtds  pfdjtdst`oaj t`oaj?? `j Sejus‑ spfere, tfe `hpulse ac pdss`aj, epllfyhelloaj', epllfyhelloaj',   `j Heriury‑s spfere, tfe dn`l`ty ta spedo djm `jterpret, ferhejeut`oaj? ferhejeut`oaj?   djm `j tfe lujdr spfere, tfe cujit`aj ac halm`jg djm `jireds`jg nam`es,  pfyt`o  pfyt`oaj. aj. ]f`s  ]f`s ldst cujit`aj ne`jg tfe cdrtfest rehavem crah tfe gams, `s tfe c`rst `j us djm dll tfe edrtfly iredt`aj. >=  

Wfej tfe saul fds pur`c`em `tselc `t hdy dsiejm tfe ldmmer ac tfe

 pl dje tdr y sp spfer fer es, “car “c ar wfe j `t fds r`m `ts elc ia iahpl hpl et etely ely ac dl dlll td td`jt `jt ac ev`l djm fds meservem ta ne sunl`hdtem, `t dgd`j ledves tfe namy djm, cully reiaver`jg `ts carher stdte, returjs ta tfe splejmar ac everldst`jg l`ce.">5   ]fe dsiejt ac tfe spferes `s mesir`nem `j d paeh ny Fejry Sdugfj; ]fe pawer ac hy saul `s suif, @ idj Exp`re, djm sa djdlyse dll tfdt‑s hdj.   C`rst hy mull ildy @ g`ve ujta tfe Edrtf, Aur iahhaj Hatfer, wf`if g`ves dll tfe`r n`rtf. Hy graw`jg cdiult`es @ sejm ds saaj Wfejie c`rst 4 taao tfeh, ta tfe fuh`m Haaj. Dll sunt`lt`es djm every iujj`jg drt ]a w`tty Heriury @ ma `hpdrt.

^el`g`aj,  >;l>5c? see dlsa Numge, As`r`s; ]fe ¿Tuatem `j Iaao,  [eus; D Ytumy `j Dji`ejt ^el`g`aj,   Egypt`dj ^el`g`aj ac tfe ^esurreit`aj, ^esurreit`aj,   >;437.  >;437.   H

Hdiran`us, Iahhejtdry aj tfe Mredh ac Yi`p`a, pp. Yi`p`a,  pp. @93c.  

«@n`m., p. 497.  

 

C@GU^E 5-6 M  - jtem   Ldmmer (Crah tfe pdpyrus ac Dj`, Nr`t`sf useuh. `j Numge, As`r`s; ]fe Egypt`dj ^el`g`aj ak ^esurreit ^esurreit`aj `aj.) .) ]fase cajm dcceit`ajs wf`if hdme he d sldve ]a fdjmsahe cdies, Sejus tfau sfdll fdve. Djm sduiy pr`me (`c tfere wds dugft `j he,) Yal, @ returj `t ta tfy raydlty. Hy rdsfjess djmlegdiy. presuhpt`ajs ne ]a Hdrsmdr`jg f`hselc dj equdl Hy `ll- pl di‑ m d vdr`i vdr `i e ( su sure re ‑t` s nu nutt sh shdll dll ,)   Kave, ta tfy cldhes 4 ma nequedtf `t dll. Djm hy cdlse hdg`i, wf`if 4 m`m nel`eve. Djm hyst`i lyes ta Ydturj 4 ma g`ve. Hy mdro `hdg`jdt`ajs rest yau tfere. ]f`s `s yaur grdve djm superst`t`aus spfere.

 

Get up hy m`s`jtdjglim saul, tfy c`re @s jaw rec`jem djm jatf`jg lect ta t`re. Ar ilag tfy w`jgs. Jaw hy dusp`i`aus cl`gft Fdtf  nr augf t h e ta tfe Ehpy red j l `gf t.

@ dh d sep‑rdte essejie djm idj see ]fe ehdjdt`ajs ac tfe Me`ty. >3  

@t `s dlsa Fejry Sdugfj wfa wrate tfese well-ojawj l`jes mesir`n`jg d  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`hdt`a exper`ejie;  exper`ejie; @ sdw Eterj`ty tfe atfer j`gft L`oe d gredt ^`jg ac pure djm ejmless l`gft, Dll idlh ds `t wds nr`gft, Djm raujm nejedtf `t, ]`he `j faurs, mdys, yedrs

Mr`v‑j ny tfe spferes L`oe d vdst sfdmaw hav'm, @j wf`if tfe warlm Djm dll fer trd`j were furl‑m. >7   ]fere `s d odnndl`st`i pdrdllel ta tfe tfehe ac returj`jg ta tfe  pl dje tdr y dri fajs fa js tf e q ud l`t `es per td `j` jg ta edi f, ds `jm` `j m` idt em `j tf`s tf `s  pd ss ssdge dge ny Ger sf ah Yi fal eh; ]fe tdso ac tfe Odnndldf `s ta felp gu`me tfe saul ndio ta `ts jdt`ve fahe `j tfe Gamfedm. Car edif s`jgle Yec`rdf Yec`rdf   tfere `s d iarrespajm`jg etf`idl dttr`nute `j fuhdj nefdv`ar, djm fe wfa dif`eves tf`s aj edrtf `s `jtegrdtem `jta tfe hyst`i l`ce djm tfe fdrhaj`i warlm ac tfe Yec`ra` Yec`ra` QQQQQQQQQ  QQQQQQQQQ ]fe odnndl`sts ujdj`hausly dgreem aj tfe suprehe rdjo dttd`jdnle ny tfe saul dt tfe ejm ac `ts hyst`idl pdtf, jdhely, tfdt ac meveout, meveout, hyst`idl  hyst`idl iledv`jg ta Gam QQQQQ (]f`s `s dif`evem ny il`hn`jg) tfe ldmmer ac meveout.4* 

]fe stdte ac meveout, meveout, ar  ar iledv`jg ta Gam, wds tfaugft ny tfe odnndl`sts ta ne dif`evem ny prdyer; ]fe warsf`pper uses tfe c`xem warms ac tfe prdyer ds d ndj`ster mur`jg f`s hem`tdt`aj wf`if fe grdsps aj f`s radm ac dsiejs`aj sa tfdt fe sfaulm jat ne iajcusem ar m`strditem. Yuif hem`tdt`aj results `j tfe ka`j`jg ac fuhdj tfaugft ta tf e m`v`je tfaugft ar tfe m`v`je w`ll QQQQ ]fe tfaugft expdjms djm dsiejms ta `ts ar`g`j, sa tfdt wfej `t redifes `t, `t ejms djm idjjat dsiejm djy curtfer...tferecare tfe p`aus hej ac alm rd`sem tfe`r tfaugft ta `ts ar`g`j wf`le  pr aja uji` jg tfe pre iep ts djm war ms ac prd yer. Ds d r esu lt ac tf` s p rai emu re djm tfe stdte ac dmfes`aj (meveout) wf`if tfe`r tfaugft fdm dttd`jem, tfe`r warms  nei dhe nle sse m, hul t`p l`e m, cul l a c (m `v` je) `jc lux . > *

Iertd`j Fds`m`i sdy`jgs use tfe `hdge ac tfe ldmmer, suif ds tfe

callaw`jg; “]fe sauls mesiejmem crah tfe redlh ac fedvej ta edrtf, aj d

!r 

]ft @hpartujdte Cartuje," `j ]fe Iahplete Raetry ac Fejry Sdugfj,  Sdugfj,   pp. 96=c.

>,

“]fi Warlm," ap. i`t., p. i`t., p. >94.

H

Yifalih, Odnndldf, Yifalih,  Odnndldf,   pp. @7=c.

¿@n`m., p. 972.  

 

lajg ldmmer. ]fej `t wds tdoej dwdy. Jaw, up tfere, tfey dre idll`jg fahe tf e sauls. Yahe ma jat numge crah tfe spat, car faw idj aje get ta fedvej w`tfaut d ldmmer1 Atfers ledp djm cdll djm ledp dgd`j, djm g`ve up. Nut tfere dre tfase wfa ojaw very well tfdt tfey idjjat dif`eve `t, nut try djm try aver djm aver dgd`j ujt`l Gam idtifes falm ac tfeh djm pull s tfeh up.‘ 92   Djatfer

sdy`jg stdtes, “Hdj `s d ldmmer pldiem aj tfe edrtf djm tfe tap ac `t tauifes fedvej. Djm dll f`s havehejts djm ma`jgs djm warms ledve trdies `j tfe upper warlm.‘ 94   ]fe `hdge ac tfe sp`r`tudl ldmmer wds usem extejs`vely ny dsiet`i Ifr`st`dj hyst`is (see c`gure 5-0). @t mer`ves prandnly crah tfe pdssdge `j Dugust`je‑s Iajcess`ajs Iajcess`ajs   iajierj`jg tfe dsiejt ac tfe saul ta tfe fedvejly

Kerusdleh. “We dsiejm tfy ldmmer wf`if `s `j aur fedrt, djm we s`jg d idjt`ile ac megrees? we glaw `jwdrmly w`tf tfy c`re ” w`tf w `tf tfy gaam c`re ” djm d jm we ga carwdrm neiduse we ga up ta tfe pedie ac Kerusdleh‘ (49, 0).   Yeverdl Ifr`st`dj hdrtyrs dre dssai`dtem w`tf tfe `hdge ac d ldmmer. Hast jatdnle `s Yt. Rerpetud, wfa fdm tfe callaw`jg mredh wf`le `j pr`saj sfartly  ne car e fer hd rt yrm ah `j tf e d re jd ac Idr tfdg tf dg e ` j tf e yed r d.m. >29; / nefelm d ldmmer ac nrdss, ac h`rdiulaus s`ze, wf`if redife redifem m up ta fedvej, djm wds  sa jdrraw tfdt `t iaulm ajly ne dsiejmem s`jgly. Aj e`tfer s`me ac tfe ldmmer, dll hdjjer ac `raj `hplehejts were cdstejem-swarms, ldjies, faaos, mdggers djm  spedrs- sa tfdt djyaje wfa wds idreless, ar m`m jat falm f`hselc ereit wf`le il`hn`jg, wds tarj ta p`eies djm rehd`jem fdjg`jg. Nejedtf tfe ldmmer ldy d  g`gdjt`i mrdgaj, ly`jg `j wd`t car tfe il`hners djm cr`gftej`jg tfeh dwdy. Ydturus, fawever, wejt up necare he (kust ds fe ldter ifase ta ne put ta medtf c`rst, car lave ac us, neiduse `t wds fe wfa fdm tdugft us nut dcterwdrms wds jat w`tf us wfej we were tfrawj `jta pr`saj). Djm fe redifem tfe tap ac tfe ldmmer djm, turj`jg ta he,  spdoe; “Rerpetud, @ dh falm`jg tfee, nut see tfdt tfe mrdgaj maes jat n`te tfee. tfee.   ‘  Djm   / djswerem; “Fe sfdll jat fdrh he, `j tfe jdhe ac Kesus Ifr`st." Djm tfe mrdgaj slawly l`ctem f`s fedm aut crah ujmer tfe ldmmer, ds `c `j cedr ac he, djm @ tram aj `t, ds tfaugf @ were tredm`jg aj tfe c`rst rujg ac tfe ldmmer, djm dsiejmem ta tfe tap. Djm @ nefelm d vdst gdrmej djm sedtem `j tfe iejtre ac `t, d tdll wf`te- fd`rem hdj, `j sfepferm‑s mress, wfa wds h`lo`jg sfeep, djm  

Nuner, ]ej ^ujgs; Fds`m`i Ydy`jgs, p. Ydy`jgs, p. =2.  =2. 

 

C@GU^E 5 0

]fe Hyst`is‑ Ldmmer ta Fedvej (@iaj crah Yt. Idt  c Y`jd`. Utf-@>tf iejtury. ^epr`jtem `j We`tzrjd  

Hajdstery. H aujt   ¡iaj.)   ¡iaj.)

 

raujm dnaut

f`h hdjy tfausdjms ac peaple ildm `j wf`te Djm fe rd`sem f`s fedm, laaoem dt

he, djm spdoe; "@t `s well tfdt tfau drt iahe, if`lm!" Djm fe idllem he ta f`h djm gdve he dlsa d harsel ac tfe ifeese wf`if fe wds h`lo`jg, djm  / djm  / reie`vem `t  f  f uf calmem fdjms djm dte. Djm dll wfa staam draujm dra ujm sd`m, “Dhej "    Djm dt tfe saujm ac tf`s `jvaid `jvaidt`aj t`aj @ dwaoe dwaoe,, djm wds dwdre tfdt @ wds st`ll edt`jg  sahetf`jg  sahet f`jg sweet,  sweet,  / ojaw jat wfdt. Djm @ `hhem`dtely repartem tfe v`s`aj ta hy nratfer, djm we ujmerstaam tfdt `t hedjt tfe iah`jg pdss`aj. Djm crah tfdt t`he we negdj ta put ja hare fape `j tf`s warlm.* > 

]f`s dwesahe mredh `llustrdtes tfe  [e`tge`s  [e`tge`st  t   ac tfe Ifr`st`dj erd tfej kust  neg `j j` jg. ]fe ]f e jew If Ifr`s r`s t`d j sp `r` t wds tfe sp`r` sp `r` t ac  sunl`hî  sunl`hît  t `a  `a (see c`gure 542). ]f`s `s `llustrdtem `j tfe callaw`jg pdssdge c rah tfe Yyr`dj paet, Kdian ac Ndtjde, wfa uses tfe `med ac Kdian‑s ldmmer ds d pràc`gur dt`aj d t`aj ac Ifr`st‑s irass. “]fe irass `s set up ds d wajmercul ldmmer upaj   wf`if hdjo`jm `s `j trutf lem up ta fedvej QQQQQ Ifr`st drase upaj edrtf ds d ldmmer ac hdjy steps, djm rd`sem f` hselc aj f`gf, sa tfdt dll edrtfly  ne` jgs h`g ft ne exd lt em tfra tf ra ugf ug f F` h QQQQ QQ QQ QQ @j tfe tf e l dm mer , Kdi an tru ly  per ie` vem tf e i rui `c` em aje.. aj e.. .. Aj tfe tf e ha hauj ujtd td `j, `j , Fe (t fe Lar m) hd me cds t tf e hyster`aus irass, l`oe d ldmmer, set F`hselc aj tfe tap ac `t djm crah tfejie nlessem nlessem dll tfe jdt`ajs QQQ Dt tfdt t`he, tfe irass wds wds set up ds d gu`m`jg `medl, ds `t were d ldmmer, djm servem dll peaples ds d pdtf ledm`jg up ta Gam.‘ 99   @j Mdjte‑s  Rdrdm`  Rdrdm`sa sa   tfere `s d nedut`cul exdhple ac tfe  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a t`a ldmmer. @j idjta >4, diiahpdj`em ny Nedtr`ie, Mdjte `s sfawj tfe sevejtf fedvej ac Ydturj, tfe dname ac iajtehpldt`ve sauls (see c`gure 5-44). W`tf`j tfe irystdl tfdt nedrs raujm tfe warlm tfe jdhe ac

`ts gredt o`jg `j tfdt galmej dge Wfej ev`l‑s cldg fdm jat yet neej ujcurlem, l`oe pal`sfem galm dnldze `j cull sujl`gft,

4 sdw d ldmmer r`se sa cdr dnave he `t sadrem neyajm tfe redifes ac hy s`gft. Djm 4 sdw sa hdjy splejmars hdoe tfe`r wdy mawj `ts nr`gft rujgs, @ tfaugft tfdt every ldhp `j dll ac fedvej wds paur`jg 9=

cartf `ts rdy .  

@j tfe carega`jg 4 fdve g`vej d juhner ac exdhples ac tfe syhnal`i tfehe ac trdjs`t`aj ta eterj`ty. Jaw iahes tfe quest`aj, Wfdt maes tf`s

'•‑Tuatem `j vaj Crdjz.

]fe Rdss`aj ac

Rerpetud , pp. 4 Ac. "@n`m.. p 05.  Mdjte. ]fe Rdrdm`sa  trdjs. Kafj I`drm`, pp. >95cc. H

 

 

C@GU^E 5 - 42 Y`heaj Ytyl`tis aj F`s Ialuhj Nes`egem ny d Yerpejt (^el`qudry, 3tf iejtury. Rdr`s, tfe Lauvre. ^epr`jtem `j ]fe Edrly Ifr`st`dj djm Nyzdjt`je Warlm.)  Warlm.)  

hedj psyifalag`idlly1 We dre spedo`jg fere ac tfe gredter  sufl`hdt`a  sufl`hdt`a   ds iajtrdstem w`tf tfe lesser aje. ]fe lesser  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`hdt`a hust  hust dlwdys ne callawem  ny d mes ie jt, wfe red s tfe tf e gr edt er  sunl`hdt`a  sunl`hdt`a `s  `s d iulh`jdt`jg praiess, tfe c`jdl trdjsldt`aj `jta eterj`ty ac tfdt wf`if fds neej iredtem `j t`he. Wfdt maes `t hedj psyifalag`idlly ta trdjsldte `jta eterj`ty tfdt wf`if fds neej iredtem `j t`he1 @jm`v`mudl iajsi`ausjess ar redl* `/dt`aj ac wfalejess `s tfe  ps yif al ag`id ag `id l pr am uit ac tf e te hp hpard ard l pr a* ies s ac `jm` `j m` v` mudt` mu dt` aj. aj . Car Ca r tfdt tf dt ta  ne hdm e ete rj rjdl dl `s d hys te r` au s `med. `m ed. @t se ehs ta `hp ly tfdt tf dt iaj si `aus `a us jes s dif`evem ny `jm`v`mudls neiahes d perhdjejt dmm`t`aj ta tfe drifetypdl 95

 ps yif e. ]fere ]f ere `s `j mee m ev` mej ie car tf`s tf `s `m ed.   Car `jstdjie, Kujg fdm  sunl`hdt`a v`s`ajs  sunl`hdt`a  v`s`ajs wfej ilase ta

‑‑Yee Em`jgir. ]fe Iredt`aj ac Iajsi`ausjess, p. Iajsi`ausjess, p. >9cc.  >9cc.  

 

C@GU^E 5 44

Mdjte‑s Ldmmer ac Ydturj (Marà,  @llustr  @llustrdt`ajs dt`ajs car M Mdjte's djte's M`v`je M`v`je Iahemy Iahemy.) .)

medtf `j 40==. Fe caujm f`hselc elevdtem cdr dnave tfe edrtf djm str`ppem

mawj ta dj “ankeit`ve carh‘;   4 fdm tfe ceel`jg tfdt everytf`jg wds ne`jg slaugfem dwdy? everytf`jg @ d`hem dt ar w`sfem car ar tfaugft, tfe wfale pfdjtdshdgar`d ac edrtfly ex`stejie cell dwdy ar wds str`ppem crah he ” dj d j extrehely pd`jcul praiess. Jevertfeless sahetf`jg rehd`jem? `t wds ds `c 4 jaw idrr`em dlajg w`tf he everytf`jg 4 fdm ever exper`ejiem ar maje, everytf`jg tfdt fdm fdppejem draujm he. @ h`gft dlsa sdy; `t wds w`tf he djm 4 wds `t. @ iajs`stem ac dll tfdt, sa ta spedo. 4 iajs`stem ac hy

awj f`stary, djm @ celt w`tf gredt iertd`jty; tf`s `s wfdt 4 dh. “4 dh tf`s nujmle ac wfdt fds neej, djm wfdt fds neej diiahpl`sfem.‘   ]f`s exper`ejie gdve he d ceel`jg ac extrehe paverty, nut dt tfe sdhe t`he ac gredt culljess. ]fere wds ja lajger djytf`jg 4 wdjtem ar mes`rem. 4 ex`stem `j dj ankeit`ve carh? @ wds wfdt 4 fdm neej djm l`vem. Dt c`rst tfe sejse ac djj`f`ldt`aj  pre mah `jd tem , ac fdv` jg nee j str `pp em ar p`l ldg em? nut summ ejl y t fdt nei dhe ac ja iajsequejie. Everytf`jg seehem ta ne pdst? wfdt rehd`jem wds d  cd`t diiahpl`, diiahpl`,   w`tfaut djy recerejie ndio ta wfdt fdm

 

 nee j. ]fe re wds ja laj ger djy re gre t tfd t sah etf `jg fdm mra ppe m dwd y ar nee j tdo ej ,3 dwdy. Aj tfe iajtrdry; @ fdm everytf`jg tfdt @ wds, djm tfdt wds everytf`jg .  

@ ujmerstdjm tf`s pdssdge ta ne d mesir`pt`aj ac tfe gredter  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a `j `ts tatdl djm ult`hdte carh. Rdrt`dl dspeits ac tfe sdhe praiess aiiur,

@ tf`jo, wfejever dj `teh `j aje‑s persajdl psyifalagy `s mei`s`vely ankeit`c`em. @t tfej neiahes dj eterjdl cdit, ujtauifdnle ny kay ar gr`ec ar ifdjge. ]fe hdkar`ty ac  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a t`a   `hdges we ejiaujter ds tferdp`sts nelajg ta tfe lesser  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a. dt`a.   @j cdit, car iajtehpardry pdt`ejts, `hdges ac dsiejt, fe`gfts, djm cly`jg dlhast dlwdys `jm`idte tfe jeem car d mawj- ga`jg. Hamerj `jm`v`mudls fdve fdm ejt`rely taa huif  sunl`hd  sunl`hdt`a t`a,, dt ledst ac tfe lesser o`jm. ]fey jeem mesiejt djm iadguldt`a iadguldt`a (see  (see c`gure 5- 4>). ]fe reldt`ve creemah ac tfe sunl`hdtem stdte `s dj `hpartdjt dif`evehejt `j psyif`i mevelaphejt, nut ajly d pdrt. @t idj ne m`sdstraus ta ne stuio `j tfe soy. Dsiejt djm mesiejt dre natf

jeemem. Ds dj dlifeh`idl m`ituh sdys, “Yunl`hdte tfe namy djm iadguldte tfe sp`r`t.‘   Kust ds dsiejm`jg n`rms represejt  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a djm  djm trdjsldt`aj crah tfe tehpardl ta tfe eterjdl, sa mesiejm`jg n`rms represejt iajtejts crah tfe drifetypdl warlm tfdt dre `jidrjdt`jg ny nredo`jg `jta tfe persajdl ega redlh. ]fe mave ac tfe Faly Yp`r`t mesiejmem aj Ifr`st dt tfe t`he ac f`s ndpt`sh, `jm`idt`jg tfe `jidrjdt`aj praiess. Dj edgle mesiejmem aj ]drqu`j Rr`sius aj f`s wdy ta ^ahe s`gj`cy`jg f`s mest`jem o`jgsf`p. Car dges n`rms fdve neej iajs`merem tfe hessejgers ac Gam. @j dji`ejt t`hes tfe dusp`ies (crah dv`s, dv`s,   “n`rm‘ djm  spei`a  spei`a   “ta laao dt‘ ) were tdoej ny exdh`j`jg tfe nefdv`ar ac n`rms. Rsyifat`i pdt`ejts fdve talm he tfdt tfey reie`ve hessdges crah Gam mel`verem ny n`rms. Upwdrm havehejt eterjdl`zes? mawjwdrm havehejt persajdl`zes. Wfej tfese twa havehejts dre iahn`jem, we get djatfer dlifeh`idl praiess, jdhely, i`riuldt`a. i`riuldt`a.   D pdrdgrdpf crah tfe  Eher  Eherdlm dlm ]dnlet ac Ferhe Ferhess  recers ta i`riuldt`a; i`riuldt`a;   “@t dsiejms crah tfe edrtf ta tfe fedvej, djm mesiejms dgd`j ta tfe edrtf, djm reie`ves tfe  paw er ac tf e dna ve djm nel aw. ]fu s yau w`l l fdv e tfe gla ry ac tfe wfa le warlm. ]ferecare dll mdrojess w`ll clee crah yau.‘   @j dstralag`idl `hdgery, i`riuldt`a i`riuldt`a recers  recers ta tfe r epedtem dsiejt djm mesiejt ac tfe pldjetdry spferes wfereny edif ac tfe drifetypdl pr`ji`ples, syhnal`zem ny tfe pldjetdry drifajs, `s ejiaujterem suiiess`vely. Ifeh`idlly, i`riuldt`a i`riuldt`a   recers ta tfe praiess `j wf`if d sunstdjie `s fedtem `j d reclux cldso. ]fe vdpars dsiejm djm iajmejse? tfej tfe iajmejsem clu`m `s cem ndio `jta tfe nelly ac tfe cldso, wfere tfe iyile `s

•‑Hujg, Hehar`es. Mredhs. ^ecleit`ajs, pp. >02c.  

 

]fe ]awer ac

C@GU^E 5 4> Ndnel (Nruegel, 4539. S`ejjd, Oujstf`star`sifes Huseuh. ^epr`jtem `j ]fe Warlm ak Nruegel.)  Nruegel.) 

Yufl`hdt`a djm iadguldt`a dre tfus repedtem dlterjdtely, dgd`j djm dgd`j. Rsyifalag`idlly, i`riuldt`a  `s tfe repedtem i`riu`t ac dll dspeits ac aje‑s ne`jg,

repedtem.

wf`if grdmudlly gejerdtes dwdrejess ac d trdjspersajdl iejter uj`t`jg tfe iajcl`it`jg cditars. ]fere `s d trdjs`t tfraugf tfe appas`tes, wf`if dre exper`ejiem dlterjdtely dgd`j djm dgd`j, ledm`jg c`jdlly ta tfe`r reiaji`l`dt`aj. Kujg mesir`nes

i`riuldt`a  `j

tfese warms;

Dsiejt djm mesiejt, dnave djm nelaw, up djm mawj, represejt dj ehat`ajdl redl`zdt`aj ac appas`tes, djm tf`s redl`zdt`aj grdmudlly ledms, ar sfaulm ledm, ta tfe`r equ`l`nr`uh. ]f`s hat`c aiiurs very crequejtly `j mredhs, `j tfe carh ac ga`jg up- djm mawjf`ll, il`hn`jg std`rs, ga`jg up ar mawj `j d l`ct,  ndl der apl dje, eti . @t`.e., iarr espuranaras ajms ta tfe str ugg net weej jg tfe net w`j gem djmlaaj tfe ,w`jgless mrdgaj, tfe ]f`sle vdi`lldt` weej tfe appas`tes djm ne`jg tassem ndio djm cartf hedjs ne`jg iajtd`jem `j  `j  tfe appas`tes. ]fey neiahe d vessel `j wf`if wfdt wds prev`ausly jaw aje tf`jg djm jaw djatfer cladts v`nrdt`jg, sa tfdt tfe pd`jcul suspejs`aj  net weej app as` tes grd mud lly ifd jge s `jt a tfe n`l dte rdl dit `v` ty ac tfe pa` jt `j tfe iejtre. 57  

•* u jg, Hvstir`uh Iaj`uj` t`aj`s, I W  4=,   4=, pdr. >03.  

 

I`riuldt`a  `s dj `hpartdjt `med `j psyifatferdpy. I`riuldr hat`aj draujm d iejter djm up djm mawj dre iahhaj `j mredhs. Aje hust hdoe tfe i`riu`t ac

aje‑s iahplexes dgd`j djm dgd`j `j tfe iaurse ac tfe`r trdjscarhdt`aj. ]fe “pawers ac tfe dnave djm tfe nelaw" dre iahn`jem ta tfe extejt tfdt tfe uj`c`em persajdl`ty `s iredtem tfdt iajjeits tfe persajdl psyife (nelaw) w`tf tfe drifetypdl psyife (dnave). ]fe dnave pdssdge crah tfe  Eher  Eherdlm dlm ]dnlet   g`ves d iledr express`aj ac tfe m`ccerejie netweej tfe dlifeh`idl dtt`tume djm tfe Ifr`st`dj rel`g`aus dtt`tume. Kujg ehpfds`zes tf`s pa`jt s`jie `t hdoes iledr tfe jdture ac tfe  psyi fal ag` idl -ehp `r` idl std jmp a`j t ac wf` if tfe dlif eh `st s were car eru jje rs. Fe wr`tes, “_@j tfe  Eher  Eherdlm dlm ]dnlet X `t `s jat d quest`aj ac d aje-wdy dsiejt ta fedvej, nut, `j iajtrdst ta tfe raute callawem ny tfe Ifr`st`dj ^emeeher, wfa iahes crah dnave ta nelaw djm crah tfere returjs ta tfe dnave, tfe  c`l`us hdiraiash` stdrts hdiraiash`  stdrts crah nelaw, dsiejms aj f`gf, djm, w`tf tfe pawers ac Dnave djm Nelaw uj`tem `j f`hselc, returjs ta edrtf dgd`j. Fe idrr`es aut tfe reverse havehejt djm tfereny hdj`cests d jdture iajtrdry ta tfdt ac Ifr`st djm tfe Gjast`i ^emeehers.‘ 96   ]fe m`ccerejie `j tfe `hdges iarrespajms ta tfe m`ccerejie netweej rel`g`aus cd`tf djm psyifalag`idl ehp`r`i`sh. @j djatfer pldie Kujg puts `t tf`s wdy; “(Crah tfe rel`g`aus v`ewpa` jtX... hdj dttr`nutes ta f`hselc tfe jeem ac remehpt`aj djm ledves tfe waro ac remehpt`aj, tfe ditudl d`flaj   ar apus,  ta tfe dutajahaus m`v`je c`gure?..._Crah tfe dlifeh`idl v`ewpa`jtX hdj tdoes upaj f`hselc tfe muty ac idrry`jg aut tfe remeeh`jg apus,  djm dttr`nutes tfe stdte ac succer`jg djm iajsequejt jeem ac remehpt`aj ta tfe djlhd hujm`  `hpr`sajem `j hdtter.‘ 90   Djm dgd`j, “_]fe dlifeh`st‑sX dttejt`aj `s jat

m`reitem ta f`s awj sdlvdt`aj tfraugf Gam‑s grdie, nut ta tfe l`nerdt`aj ac Gam =2 crah tfe mdroje ss ac hdtter.‘   ]fe dlifeh`idl  c`l`us pf`lasapfar pf`lasapfaruh uh neg`js  neg`js djm ejms aj edrtf. ]f`s suggests tfdt pr`hdry `hpartdjie `s g`vej ta tfe iajirete, spdt`a-tehpardl redl`ty ac tfe ega. ]fe culc`llhejt ac tfe l`h`tem fuhdj iajm`t`aj `s pldiem dnave `medl  per ceit `aj . Jev ert fel ess, tf` s m`s t`j it` aj hust jat ne pus fem taa cdr. Ser y `jterest`jgly, aur if`ec sir`pturdl recerejie ta tfe dsiejs`aj ac Ifr`st (Dits 4;0-44) `s `hhem`dtely callawem ny d stdtehejt iajierj`jg f`s returj ta edrtf; , fe wds l`ctem up, djm d ilaum taao f`h aut ac “... tfey Djm werewf`le laao`jg tfe`rdss`gft. tfeyajwere gdz`jg `jta fedvej ds fe wejt, nefalm, twa

hej staam ny tfeh `j wf`te ranes, djm sd`m, ‚Hej ac Gdl`lee, wfy ma yau stdjm laao`jg `jta fedvej1

'"Kujg.  Dlifeh`idl  Ytum`es. IW  49.   49. pdr.

>62. wKujg.

 

]f`s Kesus, wfa wds tdoej up crah yau `jta fedvej w`ll iahe `j tfe sdhe wdy ds yau sdw f`h ga `jta fedvej‑‘ (^YS).   @j sp`te ac tfe mdjger ac  sunl`h  sunl`hdt`a dt`a   car tfe hamerj h`jm, `t* syhnal' `sh rehd`js dt tfe iare ac dll fuhdj eccart car mevelaphejt. Dll tfdt evaoes aur  netter  net ter , “f` “f`gfe gfe r‘ jdture jdt ure , `jm eem, dll har dl`ty dl` ty pdr tdo tdoe* e* ac  sunl`hdt`a  `hdgery.

]f`s `s well expressem ny Lajgcellaw, crah wfase paeh “]fe Ldmm er ac Yt. Dugust`je‘ @ sfdll quate d cew stdjzds ta iajilume tf`s ifdpter;   Yt. Dugust`je! well fdst tfau sd`m. ]fdt ac aur v`ies we idj crdhe D ldmmer, `c we w`ll nut tredm Nejedtf aur ceet edif meem ac sfdhe!

Dll iahhaj tf`jgs, edif mdy‑s evejts,   ]fdt w`tf tfe faur neg`j djm ejm, Aur pledsures djm aur m`siajtejts, Dre raujms ny wf`if we hdy dsiejm.

]fe lajg`jg car `gjanle tf`jgs? ]fe str`ce car tr`uhpf hare tfdj trutf? ]fe fdrmej`jg ac tfe fedrt tfdt nr`jgs @rreverejie car tfe mredhs ac yautf?

Dll tfese hust c`rst ne trdhplem mawj Nejedtf aur ceet, `c we waulm gd`j @j tfe  nr` gft c`e lms ac cd` r r eja wj ] fe r` gft ac eh`jejt mahd`j.

Ytdjm`jg aj wfdt taa lajg we nare W`tf sfaulmers nejt djm mawjidst eyes. We hdy m`sierj ” ujseej u jseej necare ”   D pdtf ta f`gfer mest`j`es.  Jar mee h t fe ` rre vai dnl e R dst, Ds wfally wdstem, wfally vd`j @c, r`s`jg aj `ts wreios, dt ldst ]a sahetf`jg janler we dttd`j.

 

 

 

•* 3 H  Ha ar t` c` idt` ajujg g`ves us dj exiellejt ^£suH£ac tfe dlifeh`idl apus apus   `j d 

405> `jterv`ew; Dlifehy represejts tfe prakeit`aj ac d mrdhd natf iash`i djm sp`r`tudl `j ldnardtary terhs. ]fe apus hdgjuh fdm hdgjuh fdm twa d`hs; tfe resiue ac tfe fuhdj saul djm tfe sdlvdt`aj ac tfe iashas QQQ QQQ ]f`s waro `s m`cc`iult djm strewj w`tf anstdiles? tfe dlifeh`idl apus `s mdjgeraus. ^`gft dt tfe neg`jj`jg yau heet tfe "mrdgaj," tfe iftfaj`i sp`r`t, tfe “mev`l‘ ar, ds tfe dlifeh`sts idllem   `t, tfe “nldiojess,‘ tfe j`grema, j`grema, djm  djm tf`s ejiaujter pramuies succer`jg QQQQQQ @j tfe ldjgudge ac tfe dlifeh`sts, hdtter succers ujt`l tfe j`grema j`grema   m`sdppedrs, wfej tfe “mdwj‘ (durard) (durard)   w`ll ne djjaujiem ny tfe “pediaio‑s td`l" (idumd pdvaj`s) djm pdvaj`s) djm d jew mdy w`ll nredo, tfe leuoas`s leuoas`s   ar dlnema. dlnema.   Nut `j tf`s stdte ac “wf`tejess‘ aje maes jat l`ve  l`ve  `j tfe true sejse ac tfe warm, `t `s d sart ac dnstrdit, `medl stdte. @j

armer ta hdoe `t iahe dl`ve `t hust fdve “nlaam," `t hust fdve wfdt tfe dlifeh`sts idll tfe runema, runema,   tfe “remjess‘ ac l`ce. Ajly tfe tatdl exper`ejie ac  ne` jg idj trd jsc arh tf` s `me dl std te ac tf e dlnema dlnema   `jta d cully fuhdj hame ac ex`stejie. Nlaam dlaje idj redj`hdte d glar`aus stdte ac iajsi`ausjess `j wf`if tfe ldst trdie ac nldiojess `s m`ssalvem, `j wf`if tfe mev`l ja lajger fds dj dutajahaus ex`stejie nut reka`js tfe pracaujm uj`ty ac tfe psyife. ]fej tfe apus hdgjuh `s hdgjuh  `s c`j`sfem; tfe fuhdj saul `s iahpletely `jtegrdtem. 4  

Diiarm`jg ta tf`s pdssdge tfe dlifeh`idl apus apus   fds tfree stdges; j`grema, dlnema,   djm runema; dlnema, runema;   tfe nldioej`jg, tfe wf`tej`jg, djm tfe remmej`jg. ]f`s

ifdpter `s iajierjem w`tf tfe c`rst ac tfese, tfe j`grema ar nldioej`jg, wf`if nelajgs ta tfe aperdt`aj idllem hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a (see  (see c`gure 3-4). ]fe twa terhs "hart`c`idt`a"   djm "putrecdit`a"  dre averldpp`jg ajes djm recer ta m`ccerejt dspeits ac tfe sdhe aperdt`aj.  Hart`c`i  Hart`c`idt`a dt`a   fds ja ifeh`idl recerejie dt dll . L`terdlly `t hedjs “o`ll`jg‘ djm fejie w`ll recer 42 l fe

exper`ejie ac medtf. Ds usem `j rel`g`aus dsiet`i`sh `t hedjs “sunkeit`aj ac tfe pdss`ajs djm dppet`tes ny pejdjie, dnst`jejie, ar

▢* Uj 6 : G. Kujg Ypedo`jg, pp. Ypedo`jg,  pp. >>6c.  >>6c.  

 

 

C@GU^E 3 - 4 Yoeletaj ds Harl`c`i ds  Harl`c`idl`a dl`a @hdge  @hdge (7711  Ferhe  Ferhet`i t`i Hu Huseuh, seuh, trdjs.  trdjs. ny D. E. Wd`te.)

 pd  pd`j `jcul cul sever se ver `t` es `jc l` l`it it em aj tf tfee na namy‘ my‘ (W (Wens ens ter ). ]a mes ir` ne d ife h` idl praiess ds harl`c`idl`a harl`c`idl`a   `s d iahplete prakeit`aj ac d psyifalag`idl `hdge. ]f`s m`m `j cdit fdppej. ]fe hdter`dl `j tfe cldso wds persaj`c`em, djm tfe aperdt`ajs percarhem aj `t were tfaugft ac ds tarture.  Rutrecdit`a   `s “ratt`jg,‘ tfe meiahpas`t`aj tfdt nredos mawj medm  Rutrecdit`a argdj`i nam`es. @t, l`oew`se, `s jat sahetf`jg tfdt waulm aiiur `j tfe aperdt`ajs ac `jargdj`i ifeh`stry w`tf wf`if tfe dlifeh`sts were ldrgely iajierjem. Fawever, w`tjess`jg tfe putrecdit`aj ac d medm namy, espei`dlly d fuhdj iarpse, wf`if wds jat dj ujusudl exper`ejie `j tfe H`mmle Dges, waulm fdve d pawercul psyifalag`idl `hpdit. ]fe ecceits ac tf`s exper`ejie h`gft tfej ne prakeitem `jta tfe dlifeh`idl praiess (see c`gure 3->).  Harl`c`idl`a   `s tfe hast jegdt`ve aperdt`aj `j dlifehy. @t fds ta ma  Harl`c`idl`a w`tf mdrojess, mecedt, tarture, hut`ldt`aj, medtf, djm ratt`jg. Fawever, tfese mdro `hdges actej ledm aver ta f`gfly pas`t`ve ajes ” grawtf, g rawtf, resurreit`aj, ren`rtf ”   nu t tfe tf e fd ll hdr o ac hart`c`idl`a hart`c`idl`a   `s tfe ialar nldio. Let us neg`j ny sdhpl`jg d cew texts. ]fdt wf`if maes jat hdoe nldio idjjat hdoe wf`te, neiduse nldiojess `s tfe  neg `jj `jg ac wf`t ejes s, djm d s`g j ac put rec dit` aj djm dlt erd t` aj, djm tfd t tfe  nam y ` s ja w p ejet rdt em d jm har t` c`e m. >  

]fe L`ves ac tfe Dlifehyst`idl Rf`lasapfers, p. Rf`lasapfers, p. 4=5.  4=5.  

 

 

C@GU^E 3-> ]fe ]r`uhpf ac Medtf (Cresia ny Crdjiesia ]rd`j`, i. 4952. R`sd, Idhpasdjta. ^epr`jtem `j ]fe R`iture F`stary ac Rd`jt`jg.)  Rd`jt`jg.)  

2   fdppy gdte ac nldiojess, ir`es tfe sdge, wf`if drt tfe pdssdge ta tf`s sa glar`aus ifdjge. Ytumy, tferecare, wfasaever dppl`est tfyselc ta tf`s Drt, ajly ta ojaw tf`s seiret, car ta ojaw tf`s `s ta ojaw dll, nut ta ne `gjardjt ac tf`s `s ta ne `gjardjt ac dll. Car putrecdit`aj preiemes tfe gejerdt`aj ac every jew carh `jta ex`stejie. 9   Rutrecdit`aj `s ac sa gredt ecc`idiy tfdt `t nlats aut tfe alm jdture djm trdjshutes everytf`jg `jta djatfer jew jdture, djm nedrs djatfer jew cru`t. Dll l`v`jg tf`jgs m`e `j `t, dll medm tf`jgs meidy, djm tfej dll tfese medm tf`jgs regd`j l`ce. Rutrecdit`aj tdoes dwdy tfe dir`m`ty crah dll iarras`ve sp`r`ts ac sdlt, rejmers tfeh sact djm sweet. =  

@j psyifalag`idl terhs nldiojess recers ta tfe sfdmaw. ]fese texts tfdt spedo pas`t`vely ac nldiojess waulm tfus ne dllum`jg, aj tfe persajdl

level, ta tfe pas`t`ve iajsequejies ac ne`jg dwdre ac aje‑s sfdm aw. Aj tfe drifetypdl level `t `s dlsa mes`rdnle ta ne dwdre ac ev`l “niiduse  nldio  nl dio jes s `s tf tfee ne g`j j` j`jg jg ac wf` tejes te jes s. s.‘‘ Ny tf tfee ldw ld w ac ap appa pa s`tes, dj `jtejse dwdrejess ac aje s`me iajstelldtes `ts iajtrdry. Aut ac

'Yifal`d ta “]fe Galmej ]redt`se ac Ferhes," quatem `j Dtwaam.  Ferhet`i Rf`lasapfy djm  Dlifehy, pp.  Dlifehy,  pp. @>3c. 'Rdrdielsus, Ferhet`i 'Rdrdielsus,  Ferhet`i djm Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs. Wr`t`jgs. 4;459.  4;459.  

 

mdrojess `s narj tfe l`gft. @j iajtrdst, mredhs tfdt ehpfds`ze nldiojess usudlly aiiur wfej tfe iajsi`aus ega `s aje-s`memly `mejt`c`em w`tf tfe l`gft. Car exdhple, d wf`te hdj wfa wds very dit`ve `j tfe nldio i`v`l r`gfts havehejt fdm tf`s mredh; / dh `j Fdmes djm try`jg repedtemly ta esidpe w`tfaut suiiess. ]fere `s sahe sart ac w`lm sexudl argy. Everyaje `s iaverem w`tf nldio tdr. ]f`s pdt`ejt fdm exter`ar`zem f`s persajdl jeem ta diiept nldiojess ny ejgdg`jg `j sai`dl dit`aj ta carie sai`ety ta diiept nldios. ]f`s wds maje very selc-r`gfteausly ny prakeit`jg tfe sfdmaw aj dll wfa m`m jat dgree w`tf f`h. Dltfaugf `j f`s iajsi`aus l`ce fe wds `jvalvem `j mehajstrdt`ajs ta averiahe m`sir`h`jdt`aj dgd`jst nldios `j wf`te restdurdjts, fe fdm mredhs tfdt fe wds `j nldio restdurdjts tfdt m`sir`h`jdtem dgd`jst wf`tes. ]fe nldiojess, wfej `t `s jat tfe ar`g`jdl iajm`t`aj, `s nraugft dnaut ny tfe sldy`jg ac sahetf`jg. Hast iahhajly `t `s tfe mrdgaj tfdt `s ta ne o`llem (see c`gure 3- 9). ]fe mrdgaj `s “d  per saj `c` idt `a j ac tf e `js t` ji tud l  ps yif e‘ 5  djm `s aje ac tfe syjajyhs car tfe  pr`hd hdter`d. ]f`s hdter`d. ]f`s `hdge l`jos tfe dlifeh`idl apus apus w`tf  w`tf tfe hytf ac tfe fera wfa sldys tfe mrdgaj. Kust ds tfe fera resiues tfe idpt`ve hd`mej crah tfe mrdgaj, sa tfe dlifeh`st remeehs tfe dj`hd hujm` crah hujm` crah fer `hpr`sajhejt `j hdtter ny hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   ac tfe  pr`hd hdter`d. hdter`d.   Ar, ds Kujg puts `t, “tfe sldy`jg ac tfe mrdgaj _`sX tfe hart`c`idt`a   ac tfe c`rst, mdjgeraus, pa`sajaus stdge ac tfe dj`hd (8 hart`c`idt`a Heriur`us), creem crah fer `hpr`sajhejt `j tfe  pr`hd hdter`dl   ]fe hart`c`idt`a   ac tfe c`rst, mdjgeraus, pa`sajaus stdge ac tfe dj`hd (wahej hart`c`idt`a

redm “dj`hus‘) `s dj `hpartdjt pdrt ac tfe praiess ac psyifatferdpy. Autnursts ac dcceit, resejthejt, pledsure, djm pawer mehdjms ” dll d ll tfese hust ujmerga hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   `c tfe l`n`ma trdppem `j pr`h`t`ve, `jcdjt`le carhs `s ta ne trdjscarhem. Djatfer crequejt sunkeit car hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   `s tfe “o`jg‘ (sei c`gure 3 =)   . Car exdhple, dj dlifeh`idl p`iture sfaws d graup ac drhem hej sldy`jg d o`jg 7   (see c`gure 3-5) @jstedm ac tfe o`jg `t hdy ne Yal, tfe suj.

wfa `s ta ne o`llem. Car `jstdjie, `j tf`s text Yal sdys, “Ujless ye sldy he, yaur ujmerstdjm`jg w`ll jat ne perceit, djm `j hy s`ster tfe haaj tfe

megree ac yaur w`smah `jiredses.‘" @t hdy ne tfe l`aj wfa u jmergaes hart`c`idt`a ” tfe t fe o`jg ac nedsts djm tfe tfer`aharpf`i dspeit ac tfe

5

Kujg,  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s. Iaj`ujit`aj`s. IW  4=.   4=. pdr. 5=6.  

Hn`m.. pdr. 436. 7

C`g. 479 `j Kujg,

 Rsyifalagy djm

 

 

C@GU^E 3-9 Yal djm Lujd O`ll tfe Mrdgaj (Hd`er,  Dtdldjtd Cug`e  Cug`ejs, js, 4346.)  4346.)

suj. @j aje vers`aj tfe l`aj fds `ts pdws iut acc. 0  Dgd`j, dj edgle hdy fdve `ts w`jgs il`ppem. O`jg, suj, djm l`aj recer ta tfe rul`jg pr`ji`ple ac tfe iajsi`aus ega djm ta tfe pawer `jst`jit. Dt d iertd`j pa`jt tfese hust ne hart`c`em `j armer

car d jew iejter ta eherge. Ds Kujg sdys, “Egaiejtr`i`ty `s d jeiessdry 42 dttr`nute ac iajsi`ausjess djm `s dlsa `ts spei`c`i s`j.‘  Aj tfe drifetypdl level tfe hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   ac tfe o`jg ar tfe suj w`ll recer ta tfe medtf djm trdjscarhdt`aj ac d ialleit`ve mah`jdjt ar rul`jg pr`ji`ple. ]f`s `s dllumem ta `j tfe callaw`jg text, wf`if, `jterest`jgly, equdtes tfe o`jg ds alm hdj w`tf tfe mrdgaj; @ dh dj `jc`rh djm wedo alm hdj, surjdhem tfe mrdgaj? tferecare dh @ sfut up `j d idve, tfdt @ hdy ne rdjsahem ny tfe o`jgly irawj Q QQQQQQ D c`er y swarm `jcl`its gredt tarhejts upaj he? medtf hdoes wedo hy clesf djm najes QQ najes QQ QQ QQQ QQ Hy saul djm hy sp`r`t mepdrt? d terr`nle pa`saj, 4 dh l`oejem ta tfe nldio rdvej, car tfdt `s tfe wdges ac s`j? `j must djm edrtf 4 l`e, tfdt aut ac ]free hdy iahe Aje. A saul djm sp`r`t, ledve he jat, tfdt @ hdy see dgd`j tfe l`gft ac mdy, djm tfe fera ac pedie wfah tfe wfale warlm sfdll nefalm hdy dr`se crah he."

R`g. = `j Kujg,  Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy,

"▢n`m., pdr. 799.  

 

 

C@GU^E 3-= Medtf Raurs d Mr`jo car tfe O`jg (Falne`j, ]fe Mdjie ac Medtf. 4596.) Medtf. 4596.)

]fe `jc`rh djm wedo alm hdj represejts d iajsi`aus mah`jdjt ar sp`r`tudl  pr `ji `ple `p le tfd t fd s las t `t s ecc eit `ve jes s. @t fds reg re ssem ss em ta tfe tf e lev el ac tf e  pr `ha rm` dl ps yif e (mr dg dgaj aj)) dj djm m hu hust st tf ere car e sun h` t ta trd jsc ar hdt `a j. ]fe ]f e idve `j wf`if `t `s sfut up `s tfe dlifeh`idl vessel. ]fe tarture `s tfe c`ery

armedl tfdt nr`jgs dnaut trdjscarhdt`aj `j armer tfdt “aut ac tfe ]free hdy iahe Aje‘? tfdt `s, tfdt namy, saul, djm sp`r`t hdy ne uj`c`em w`tf`j dj `jtegrdtem

 per sa sajdl jdl `t y.

]fe “fera ac pedie   wfah tfe wfale warlm sfdll nefalm" `s tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje, tfe reiaji`ler ac appas`tes, nut tf`s wdy ac putt`jg `t `hpl`es tfdt wfdt `s ujmerga`jg hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a djm  djm rekuvejdt`aj `s jatf`jg less tfdj tfe ialleit`ve Gam`hdge. We get dj `jterest`jg p`iture ac hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   djm  putrecdit`a  putrecdit`a   `j tfe sa-idllem S`s`aj ac Gearge ^`pley;  ^`pley;  Wfej nusy dt hy naao @ wds upaj d iertd`j j`gft, ]f`s v`s`aj fere expressem dppedrem ujta hy m`hhem s`gft.

 

C@GU^E 3-5 Medtf ac tfe O`jg (Ytali`us, S`r`mdr`uh Ifyh`iuh, 43>=. Ifyh`iuh, 43>=. ^epr`jtem `j Rrelu `j  Rrelume me ta Ifeh`stry.)   Ifeh`stry.)

D ]adm cull rem 4 sdw m`m mr`jo tfe ku`ie ac grdpes sa cdst. ]`ll aver ifdrgem w`tf tfe nratf, f`s nawels dll ta nrdds , Djm dcter tfdt crah pa`sajem nulo fe idst f`s vejah . Car gr`ec djm pd`j wfereac f`s hehners dll negdj ta s , W`tf mraps ac pa`sajem swedt dppradif`jg tfus `s s F`s idve w`tf nldsts ac cuhaus d`r fe dll ne-wfyt t ej, Djm crah tfe wf`if `j spdie d galmej fuhar m` ejsue, Wfase cdll`jg mraps crah f`gf m`m std`j tfe sa`l w`t ru y Djm wfej tf`s iarpse tfe carie ac v`tdl nredtf negdj ta d ]f`* my`jg ]adm neidhe cartfw`tf l`oe iadl car ia ar d ]fus mrawjem `j f`s praper ve`js ac pa`sajem claam, Car terh ac e`gfty mdys djm caur fe ratt`jg staam. Ny tr`dl tfej tf`s vejah ta expel 4 m`m mes`re, Car wf`if 4 m`m iahh`t f`s idridss ta d g ejtle c`re. Wf`if maje, d wajmer ta t fe s`gft, nut hare ta ne re edrs ]fe ]adm w`tf ialars rdre tfraugf every s`me wds p`erie *jm wf`te dppedrem wfej dll tfe sujmry fues were pdst. Wf`if dcter  ne `j `jg g t` jit em ^e m, car eve rh rhar ar e m` mZ ld st . y fij   ac tfe vejah fdjmlem tfus d hem`i`je 4 m`m hdoe? f`if vejah o`lls djm sdves suif ds vejah ifdjie ta td

 

Glary ne ta f`h tfe grdjter ac suif seiret wdys. Mah`j`aj, djm fajar, natf w`tf warsf`p djm w`tf prd`se. Dhej . 4>  

]f`s v`s`aj `s d suhhdry ac tfe ejt`re apus. apus. ]fe  ]fe tadm ds  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d `  ` s mestrayem ny `ts awj greem ar ujnr`mlem iajiup`siejie. @t `s tfe tfehe ac

mrawj`jg `j aje‑s awj surce`t. Ds `t m`es `t turjs nldio, putrec`es, djm `s c`llem w`tf pa`saj. ]fe dlifeh`st tfej ejters tfe p`iture djm sunkeits tfe  pa` saj -ld mej idr idss ta tfe c`r e ac tfe dli feh` idl pra iess . ]f`s nr` jgs dnaut d pragress`ve ialar ifdjge crah nldio ta hdjy ialars ta wf`te ta rem. Dt tfe sdhe t`he tfe pa`saj `s ifdjgem ta d pdrdmax`idl hem`i`je tfdt idj

o`ll ar sdve, tfe el`x`r. ]fe tadm `s d syhnal`i vdr`djt ac tfe “pa`sajaus mrdgaj.‘ 49   @t dlsa represejts tfe “pf`lasapf`i edrtf‘ tfdt idjjat ne sunl`hdtem. 4=  Edrtf s`gj`c`es iadgu- ldt`a, dllum`jg ldt`a, dllum`jg ta tfe cdit tfdt hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   hust callaw iadguldt`a. iadguldt`a.   ]fdt wf`if fds neiahe edrtf ar clesf `s sunkeit ta

medtf djm iarrupt`aj. Ds tfe Dpastle Rdul sdys, “Car `c ye l`ve dcter tfe clesf, ye sfdll m`e? nut `c ye tfraugf tfe Yp`r`t ma hart`cy tfe meems ac tfe

 nam y, ye sfd ll l`v e‘ (^a (^ah. h. 6;4 9 D S).   Kust ds iadguldt`a iadguldt`a   `s callawem saajer ar ldter ny hart`c`idt`a,  hart`c`idt`a,   sa l`oew`se maes iajsuhhdt`aj ac tfe lesser iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   ledm ta hart`c`- idt`a.  idt`a.  Exdhples dre ]r`stdj djm @salme, ^ahea djm Kul`et, djm tfe sequejie mep`item `j tfe  ^asdr`uh   p`itures. 45   ]f`s cdit felps ta diiaujt car tfe reluitdjie sejs`t`ve  ^asdr`uh  peap le fdv e ta iahh `tt `jg tfe hsel ves ta tfe `jm `v` mud t`a j pra iess . ]fe y sejse `j dmvdjie tfe succer`jg tfey dre lett`jg tfehselves `j car. ]fe pa`sajaus tadm wds tfaugft ta fdve d kewel `j `ts fedm, ds maes tfe

mrdgaj. ^uldjm sdys; “Mrdiaj`tes `s d prei`aus staje... ta ne caujm `j tfe  nrd `j ac ser pej ts, nut ujl ess `t `s reh ave m wf `le tfe y dr e d l`v e, ` t w `ll jev er  nei ahe d p rei `au s st aje, ny tfe `jn rem hdl `ie ac tfe dj` hdl wfa , i ajs i`au s ac medtf dppradif`jg, mestrays tfe v`rtue ac tfe staje. ]ferecare tfe fedm `s rehavem crah mrdgajs wf`le dsleep, djm tfus tfe geh `s seiurem QQ ]fe ialar ac tfe Mrdiaj`te `s wf`te? ` t mr`ves dwdy dll  pa` saj aus dj` hdls djm iur es ejv ejah em n `te s. ‘ 43   ]fe prei`aus staje `s tfe Rf`lasapfers* Ytaje extrditem crah tfe ugly  pr`hd hdter hdter`d, `d,   wf`if `s pa`saj `j `ts ar`g`jdl carh nut pdjdied dcter ujmerga`jg tfe hart`c`idt`a. hart`c`idt`a. Yfdoespedre  Yfdoespedre expresses tf`s sdhe `med;

l>

Dsfhale, em., ]fedtruh Ifeh`iuh Nr`tdjj`iuh. p. 97=.  

49

 Hys`er`uh Iaj`ujit`aj Iaj`ujit`aj`s, `s, IW  4=.  4=. pdr. 92. 

'Hn`m.` pdr. >. ls

C`gs.. 4-42 `j Kujg. ]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy. IW   43. 43.  

"‚^uldjm,  Lex`iaj, p. 4>6.

 

Yweet dre tfe uses ac dmvers`ty, Wf`if l`oe tfe tadm, ugly djm vejahaus, Wedrs yet d prei`aus kewel `j f`s fedm? Djm tf`s aur l`ce exehpt crah punl`i fdujt, C`jms tajgues `j trees, naaos `j tfe rujj`jg nraaos. Yerhajs `j stajes, djm gaam `j everytf`jg . 47   ]fe uses ac dmvers`ty dlsa

iahe up `j tfdt gredt hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   hdjudl. ]fe @h`tdt`aj ac Ifr`st   ny ny ] fah ds o   Oehp`s. ]fere we redm tfe callaw`jg; @t `s gaam tfdt we sahet`hes fdve gr`ecs djm dmvers`t`es, car tfey mr`ve d hdj ta nefalm f`hselc djm ta see tfdt fe `s fere nut ds `j ex`le, djm ta ledrj tfereny tfdt fe augft jat  put f`s tr ust `j djy war lml y tf` jg. @t dls a `s gaa m tfd t we sa het `h es suc ce r iajtrdm`it`aj? djm tfdt we ne tfaugft ac ny atfers ds ev`l djm wretifem djm s`jcul, tfaugf we ma well djm `jtejm well? suif tf`jgs felp us ta fuh`l`ty, djm h`gft`ly mecejm us crah vd`jglary djm pr`me. We tdoe Gam netter ta ne aur kumge djm w`tjess wfej we dre autwdrmly mesp`sem `j tfe warlm djm tfe warlm maes jat kumge well ac us. ]ferecare, d hdj augft ta estdnl`sf f`hselc sa cully `j Gam tfdt, wfdtever dmvers`ty  nec dll f`h fe w`l l jat je em ta se eo djy aut wdr m i ahc art . 46   D iledj, pure djm iajstdjt fedrt `s jat nraoej ar eds`ly averiahe ny sp`r`tudl ldnars, car fe maes dll tf`jgs ta tfe fajar ac Gam, neiduse fe `s iledrly hart`c`em ta f`hselc. ]ferecare, fe mes`res ta ne cree crah callaw`jg f`s awj w`ll. Wfdt f`jmers yau hare tfdj yaur awj dcceit`ajs jat cully hart`c`em ta tfe w`ll ac tfe sp`r`t1 ]ruly, jatf`jg hare . 40  

Ya cdr we fdve jatem severdl pass`nle sunkeits ac hart`c`idt`a, hart`c`idt`a,   jdhely, mrdgaj, tadm, o`jg, suj, djm l`aj. Djatfer suif sunkeit `s tfe c`gure ac pur`ty djm `jjaiejie. Aje text redms; ]doe `t cresf, pure, l`v`jg wf`te djm iledr. ]fej n`jm c`rhly natf fdjms djm ceet W`tf tfe very strajgest iarms. ]fdt `t succaidte djm m`e,

@j tfe ilasem fause ac Rutrecdit`aj. >2  ]f`s iarrespajms ta tfe ildss`i v`it`h car sdir`c`ie wf`if hust ne pure djm ujnleh`sfem l`oe tfe

Rdsidl ldhn(Exam. 4>;5). Dj dlifeh`idl mrdw`jg p`itures Feram‑s hdssdire ac tfe `jjaiejts ds tfe “m`ssalut`aj ac tfe hetdll`i seems,‘ wf`if dre tfej  pau rem `j ta tfe dli feh `id l ves sel >4   (see c`gure 3-3). ]fe psyifalag`idl `med  nef `jm tfe se ` hdge s `s tfd t t fe

@t. Dit >, si. 4, l`jes 4>-47. "Dt Pau Uoe @t. Dit Oehp`s, ]fe @h`tdt`aj ac Ifr`st   4;4>.   "@n`m., 4;9. C`gulus,  D Galmej djm Nlessem Idsoet ac Jdture's Hdrvels, p. 940, y:  D R`itar`dl F`stary ac Hdg`i djm tfe Yuperjdturdl,  p. 44>.  

 

 

M`ssalut`aj mes tcirhi* hàtdll`ques re  prà¿ ¿`j ted pdr leu `jjaiejts 00.  

 

`jiarrupt`aj. @t `s sawj `j m`sfajar? `t `s rd`sem `j glary? `t `s sawj ` wedojess? `t `s rd`sem `j pawer. @t `s sawj d jdturdl namy? `t `s rd`sem d

sp`r`tudl namy‘ (@ Iar. 45;=> -==, DS). @ wds ajie talm ac d str`o`jg mredh aj tf`s sunkeit, wf`if, `ji`mejtdlly wds mredhem aj Fdllaweej. ]fe mredher wds dttejm`jg d pdrty car d medmcr`ejm djm perfdps atfer mepdrtem sp`r`ts. ]fe medm cr`ejm reiaujts d mredh tfdt fe fdm necare f`s medtf. @ts hdkar `hdge wds d gredt i`rile ac grd`j stdjm`jg 62 `jifes f`gf. @t  grew aut ac d p`t `j tfe edrtf wf`if iajtd`jem iajtd`jem medm nam`es tfdt were dlsa nur`em tredsure. ]fe mredher wds try`jg ta iajvey ta f`s cr`ejm tfe `hpartdjie ac tfe mredh (ic. c`gure 3-42).  3-42).   @t `s ta ne jatem tfdt medm nam`es equdl nur`em tredsure. @j d Gjast`i text tfe perceit hdj, ar  Djtfr  Djtfrapas, apas,   `s idllem d iarpse

 nei duse fe `s “nu “nur`e r`e m `j tfe nam y l`o l`oee d huhhy huh hy `j d tah n.‘ 94   Kujg pa`jts aut tfdt tfere `s d pdrdllel `med `j Rdrdielsus, wfa sdys, “L`ce,  

C@GU^E 3 42  ,cll(  Grd`j Graw`jg crah tfe Grdve, Yyhnal`z`jg ^esurreit`aj (]fe Feh  Huseuh,  trdjs. ny D. E. Wd`te.)

¿'Kujg,  D `aj. I@S  044,   044, pdr. 99=.

 

ver`ly, `s jdugft nut d o`jm ac ehndlhem huhhy, wf`if preserve* tfe hartdl  namy  na my cr ah tfe tf e har tdl warhs.‘ 9>   @t turjs aut tfdt tf`s "huh`d"   `t syhnal`idlly `mejt`idl w`tf tfe ar`g`jdl hdj ar  Djtfrapas.  Djtfrapas.   ]f`s Gjast`i iarpse ar Rdrdiels`dj huhhy `s tfus tfe Yelc ds tfe pramuit ac hart`-  c`idt`a ” tfe t fe `jiarrupt`nle namy tfdt graws aut ac tfe medtf ac tfe iarrupt`nle seem. @t iarrespajms ta tfe dlifeh`idl `med tfdt medtf `s tfe iajiept`aj ac tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje. 99   Gerh`jdt`aj djm meidy, l`gft ifdjg`jg ta mdrojess, medtf djm ren`rtf ” dll d ll tfese nelajg ta tfe syhnal`sh ac tfe haaj, wf`if m`es djm `s renarj edif hajtf. Aje text stdtes tfe callaw`jg; ]fe l`aj, tfe lawer suj, graws iarrupt tfraugf tfe clesf. ]fus `s tfe l`aj iarruptem `j f`s jdture tfraugf f`s clesf, wf`if callaws tfe t`hes ac tfe haaj, djm `s eil`psem. Car tfe haaj `s tfe  sfdmaw ac tfe suj, suj,   djm w`tf iarrupt`nle nam`es sfe `s iajsuhem, djm tfraugf fer iarrupt`aj `s tfe l`aj eil`psem w`tf tfe felp ac tfe ha`sture ac Heriur`us...tfe ha`sture ac tfe haaj, wfej sfe reie`ves f`s l`gft, sldys tfe suj, djm dt tfe n`rtf ac tfe if`lm ac tfe Rf`lasapfers sfe m`es l`oew`se, djm dt medtf tfe twa  pdr ejt s y`e lm up tfe `r sau ls ta tfe saj , djm m`e djm pds s dwdy .  Djm tfe pdrejts dre tfe  caam ac ac tfe saj.** saj.**  

]fe stdtehejt tfdt tfe l`aj ar lawer suj graws iarrupt tfraugf tfe clesf idj  ne ujm ers taam ta am ta hed j tfdt tf dt tf e eg ega, a, ny `jid `j id rjd t` jg, jg , ny mdr `jg `j g ta ex` st ds dj dutajahaus iejter ac ne`jg, tdoes aj sunstdjt`dl redl`ty nut dlsa neiahes sunkeit ta iarrupt`aj djm medtf (see c`gure 3-44). ]fe ega `s evejtudlly eil`psem ” cdlls c dlls `jta tfe nldiojess ac hart`c`idt`a ”nu t cra h `t `tss med tf tf tfee “i f`l m

ac tfe pf`lasapfers‘”tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje”   `s narj. Natf suj djm haaj m`e djm trdjscer tfe`r pawer ta tfe`r accspr`jg ” tfe t fe saj ac tfe pf`lasapfers. Kujg sdys tfdt tf`s pdssdge hdy fdve `jsp`rem tfe p`iture ac tfe medtf ac tfe 95

raydl pd`r `j tfe  ^asdr`uh,   @j tfdt p`iture 93   tfe o`jg djm queej, callaw`jg `jteriaurse, fdve hergem `jta aje namy w`tf twa fedms djm dre ly`jg medm `j d tahn. ]fe  p`  p`it iture ure `s idp t`a jem “i aji ept `a `ajj ar pu putr tree cdi t`aj. t` aj. ‘ ]fe st stdte dte he hejt jt

tfdt “tfe pdrejts dre tfe caam ac tfe saj‘ `s pdrt`iuldrly `jterest`jg. Rsyifalag`idlly tf`s suggests tfdt tfe iajsi`aus ejmurdjie ac mdrojess djm tfe iajcl`it ac tfe appas`tes jaur`sfes tfe Yelc (ic. C`gure 9-43 `j ifdpter 9).

²ln`m.   ]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy, IW  43,   43, pdr. =79. 'K``jg,  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj `s. IW  4=,   4=, pdr. >4.   ¿@n`m.   ]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy, IW  43.   43. c`g. 3.  

 

 

C@ G U ^ E 3 - 4 4 Medtf djm tfe Ldjmsojeift (Mürer. ^epr`jtem `j ]fe Iahplete Waamiut* ac    Dlnreift  Dlnrei ft Müre  Mürer.) r.)   D iahhaj terh car tfe j`grema j`grema   `s "iarvus,"   iraw ar rdvej, 97   perfdps neiduse `t `s  nld io djm `s d idr r`aj edte r (se e c`gu re 3- 4>) . ]fe ira w dpp edr s `j Gre eo hyt fal agy `j tfe n`rtf ac Dsolep`as. F`s hatfer wds Iaraj`s, tfe iraw hd`mej, wfa, wf`le  pre gjdj t w`t f Dso lep` as ny Dpa lla , fdm `jt eri aur se w`t f @si fys . ]f`s `jc `me l`t y wds repartem ta Dpalla ny tfe iraw, wfa wds turjem crah wf`te ta nldio car nr`jg`jg tfe  ndm jew s. Iar aj` s wds o`l lem car fer ir` he, nut tfe `j cdjt Dso lep` as wds sjd tif em crah fer wahn wf`le sfe wds aj tfe cujerdl pyre. Ds Oerejy` fds mehajstrdtem, tfe  n`r tf ac fed l`j g paw er cra h tfe j`grema  nel ajg s ta tfe dri fet ype ac tfe wauj mem

fedler. @j Oerejy`‑s w arms, tfe

97

Kujg,  Hyster`uh Iaj`uji``aj`s. IW  4=,   4=, pdr. 7>7.  7>7.  

 

 

C@ G U ^ E 3 - 4 > ]fe ]fe J`gre  J`grema ma (Hyl`us,  (Hyl`us, Rf`las  Rf`lasapf`d apf`d rrecarh ecarhdtd. dtd. 43>>.  43>>. ^epr`jtem `j Merald, ]fe Yeiret Drt ac  Dlifehy.)  Dlifeh y.)

hytf recers psyifalag`idlly ta tfe idpdi`ty “ta ne dt fahe `j tfe mdrojess ac succer`jg djm tfere ta c`jm gerhs ac l`gft djm reiavery w`tf wf`if, ds tfaugf ny ejifdjthejt, ta nr`jg cartf Dsolep`as, tfe sujl`oe fedler." 9 ®   ^eldtem ta “iarvus‘ “iarvus‘   `s tfe terh “idput iarv`,"   fedm ac tfe rdvej. ]f`s `j turj `s syjajyhaus w`tf “idput hartuuh,"   medm fedm. @t `s jat `hhem`dtely ev`mejt wfy tfe j`grema   sfaulm ne dssai`dtem w`tf fedm syhnal`sh. Aje redsaj seehs ta ne tfe j`grema

iajjeit`aj netweej tfe terh “fedm" djm tap ar neg`jj`jg. Nldiojess wds iajs`merem ta ne tfe stdrt- •jg pa`jt  ac tfe waro. 90   D text sdys, “Wfej yau see yaur hdtter ga`jg  nld io, rek a`i e; car tfdt tf dt `s tfe neg `jj`j `jj `jgg ac tfe war waro.‘ o.‘ =2   Djatfer text *pidos ac tfe waro ds hdme up ac tfree rdvejs; “]fe nldio wf`if `s tfe fedm ac tfe drt, tfe wf`te wf`if `s tfe h`mmle, djm t fe rem wf`if nr`jgs dll tf`jgs ta dj ejm.‘ =4  

ir  j

uj Z y`,  Dsolep`as? Drifetypdl @hdge ac tfe Rfys`i`dj's Rfys`i`dj's Ex`stejie, p. 422. p. 422. Z g.  Hvster`uh

Iaj`ujit`aj`s, IW  4=,   4=, pdr. 7>0.   =,

.. j . |6>. ln`m.

 

]fe fedm `s tfe pr`ji`ple tf`jg. D idp`tdl accejse `s tfe grdvest aje `jvalv`jg

tfe lass ac aje‑s fedm. ]fus, tfe iajjeit`aj ac tfe j`grema w`tf fedm `hdgery `jm`idtes tfe gredt `hpartdjie dlifehy dttdifem ta tf`s exper`ejie. Diiarm`jg ta aje mer`vdt`aj, t fe warm “dlifehy‘ mer`ves crah ofeh ofeh   ar ifeh`d ifeh`d   hedj`jg nldio djm recerr`jg ta Egypt, tfe ldjm ac tfe nldio sa`l. =>   Meidp`tdt`aj ar sepdrdt`aj ac tfe fedm crah tfe namy dlsa nelajgs ta tfe hart`c`idt`a. hart`c`idt`a.   Kujg wr`tes; “Nefedm`jg `s s`gj`c`idjt syhnal`idlly ds tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe ‚ujmerstdjm`jg‑ crah tfe ‚gredt succer`jg djm gr`ec wf`if jdture `jcl`its aj tfe saul. @t `s dj ehdji`pdt`aj ac tfe "iag`tdt`a'   wf`if `s s`tudtem `j tfe fedm, d cree`jg ac tfe saul crah tfe ‚trdhhels ac

jdture.‑ @ts purpase `s ta nr` jg dnaut, ds `j Marj, d uj`a hejtdl`s `j hejtdl`s `j tfe averiah`jg ac tfe namy‘ =9  (see c`gure 3-49).

C@GU^E 3 49 Ydlahe w`tf tfe Fedm ac Kafj tfe Ndpt`st (/.«*.$  Nelles Feures mu Mui me Nerry- Jew Paro. ]fe Hetrapal`tdj Huseuh ac Drt.)

=>

Yee ^edm.  Rrelume la Ifeh`stry,  Ifeh`stry,   p. =j.? see dlsa Kujg.  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujm`aj`s. (▢ Z   Z   * pdr. 4=.  

▢•‑Kujg.  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujm`aj`s, IW  4=.   4=. pdr. 4=.  4=.  

 

Crah djatfer stdjmpa`jt, nefedm`jg extrdits tfe ratujmuh, ratujmuh,   tfe raujm, iahplete hdj, crah tfe ehp`r`idl hdj. ]fe fedm ar soull  nei ahes tfe raujm vessel ac trdjscarhdt`aj. @j aje text `t wds tfe fedm ac tfe nldio As`r`s ar Etf`ap`dj tfdt, wfej na`lem, turjem `jta galm. ==   ]fe terh “idput hartuuh‘ wds hartuuh‘ wds usem ta recer ta tf e res`mue lect dcter tfe m`st`lldt`aj ar sunl`hdt`aj ac d sunstdjie. D text mesir`nes tf`s idput hartuuh;  hartuuh;  “Wfdt rehd`js  nel aw `j tf e ret art `s aur sd lt, tfdt tf dt `s, `s , aur edr tf, dj m `t `s ac d nl di o ial ar, d mrd gaj ga j tfdt edts `ts awj td`l. Car tfe mrdgaj `s tfe hdtter tfdt rehd`js nef`jm dcter tfe

m`st`lldt`aj ac wdter crah `t, djm tf`s wdter `s idllem tfe mrdgaj‑s td`l, djm tfe mrdgaj `s `ts nldiojess, djm tfe mrdgaj `s sdturdtem w`tf f`s wdter djm iadguldtem, djm sa fe

edts f`s td`l.‘ =5  ]fe medm, wartfless res`mue `s tfe stucc ac tfe j`grema j`grema pfdse.  pfdse. ]fe cdit tfdt `t `s idllem d idput   ar fedm `jm`idtes d pdrdmax`idl reversdl ac appas`tes. ]fe wartfless neiahes tfe hast prei`aus, djm tfe ldst neiahes c`rst. ]f`s `s d lessaj tfdt we edif hust ledrj dgd`j djm dgd`j. @t `s tfe  psyife  psyife   tfdt we c`jm `j tfe wartfless, mesp`sem pldie. Ny tfe iajvejt`ajdl stdjmdrms ac aur ejv`rajhejt tfe psyife `s jatf`jg, jatf`jg dt dll. D  per sa jdl ex exdhp dhp le ; @ ce el eh ehpt pt y dj m aut au t ac sarts sa rts ? @ s` t car ca r faurs `j hy ifd`r seeo`jg hy last l`n`ma. Wfdt d pd`jcul fuh`l`dt`aj ta ne sunkeitem ta suif idtdtaj`i `hpatejie. Evej dit`ve `hdg`jdt`aj recuses ta cujit`aj. C`jdlly @ get aje hedger `hdge ” d shdll, nldio, edrtfejwdre pat. Maes `t iajtd`j sahetf`jg, ar `s `t ehpty l`oe he1 @ turj `t aver. Aje mrap ac galmej clu`m iahes, wf`if sal`m`c`es aj iajtdit w`tf tfe d`r. ]fdt wds dll @ jeemem! ]fdt s`jgle mrap ac sal`m galm reledsem d stredh ac dssai`dt`ajs, djm w`tf tfeh, l`n`ma. @t fdm iahe crah tfe  nl dio pat, pa t, tfe tf e nl di o fed m ac As`r` As `r` s, wf` if pe rs aj` c` em hy md ro djm ehp ty st dte , d stdte @ mesp`sem wf`le 4 wds `j `t. ]fe medtf fedm dlsa ledms `jta tfe `med ac d m`dlague w`tf d fedm ar soull. Kujg spedos ac tfe ardiuldr fedm, =3   wf`if waulm syhnal`ze tfe iajsult`jg ac aje‑s wfalejess car `jcarhdt`aj neyajm tfe v`s`aj ac tfe ega. ]fe mrdhdt`i tfehe ac sal`laquy w`tf d soull `s d vdr`djt ac tf`s sdhe drifetypdl `hdge. ]fe ildss`i exdhple `s caujm `j  Fdhlet.  Fdhlet. Fe  Fe iajte hpldtes Par`io‑s soull djm iajilumes w`tf tfese tfaugfts; ]a wfdt ndse uses we hdy returj, Fardt`a! Wfy hdy jat `hdg`jdt`aj trdie tfe janle must ac Dlexdjmer, t`ll fe c`jm `t stapp`jg d nujg-fale1... Ds tfus; Dlexdjmer m`em, Dlexdjmer wds  nur `em , Dlex djm er ret urj etf `jt a mus t? tfe mus t `s edr tf? ac edr tf we hdoe lad h, djm wfy ac tfdt ladh, wfereta fe wds iajvertem, h`gft tfey jat stap d neer-ndrrel1

“@n`m. 

‚‑@n`m.. pdr. >==.   “Kujg.  Rsyi  Rsyifalagy falagy djm ^el`g`aj; ^el`g`aj; Wes Westt djm Edst. IW   @@. pdr. 939cc; see dlsa  Hyster  Hyster`uh `uh ( aj`ujit`aj`s. IW  4=.   4=. pdr. 3>3.  3>3.  

 

@hper`aus Idesdr, medm djm turj'm ta ildy. H`gft stap d fale ta oeep tfe w`jm dwdy? A! tfdt tfdt edrtf, wf`if oept tfe warlm `j dwe.

Yfaulm pdtif d wdll ta expel tfe w`jter‑s cldw.   (Dit 5, si. 4, l`jes >>>-96)

Gaetfe‑s  Cdust   dlsa fds d nr`ec sal`laquy ta d soull jedr tfe neg`jj`jg ac tfe mrdhd; Paj fallaw soull, wfdt fds yaur gr`j ta sdy, Nut tfdt d hartdl nrd`j, w`tf traunle tassem. Yaugft ajie, l`oe h`je, tfe sweetjess ac tfe mdy, Djm strave car trutf, djm `j tfe gladh wds last. =7  

]fe soull ds d hehejta har` `s har` `s dj ehnleh car tfe aperdt`aj ac har- t`c`edt`a.  t`c`edt`a. 

@t gejerdtes recleit`ajs aj aje‑s persajdl hartdl`ty djm serves ds d tauifstaje car true djm cdlse vdlues. ]a recleit aj medtf idj ledm aje ta v`ew l`ce ujmer tfe dspeit ac eterj`ty, djm tfus tfe nldio medtf fedm idj turj ta galm (see c`gure 3-4=). @j cdit, tfe ar`g`j djm grawtf ac iajsi`ausjess seeh ta ne iajjeitem uj`quely w`tf tfe exper`ejie ac medtf. Rerfdps tfe c`rst pd`r ac appas`tes ta pejetrdte tfe mdwj`jg dwdrejess ac p r`h`t`ve fuhdjs wds tfe iajtrdst netweej tfe l`v`jg djm tfe medm. Rrandnly `t `s ajly d hartdl iredture tfdt `s idpdnle ac iajsi`ausjess. Aur hartdl`ty `s aur gredtest djm aur ult`hdte wedojess. Djm `t `s wedojess, diiarm`jg ta Kujg, tfdt gdve Kan tfe emge aver Pdfwef; Wfdt maes hdj passess tfdt Gam maes jat fdve1 Niiduse ac f`s l`ttlejess, puj`jess, djm mecejielessjess dgd`jst tfe Dlh`gfty, fe passesses, ds we fdve dlredmy suggestem, d sahewfdt oeejer iajsi`ausjess ndsem aj selc-recleit`aj; fe hust, `j armer ta surv`ve, dlwdys ne h`jmcul ac f`s `hpatejie. Gam fds ja jeem ac tf`s i`riuhspeit`aj, car jawfere maes fe iahe up dgd`jst dj `jsuperdnle anstdile tfdt waulm carie f`h ta fes`tdte djm fejie hdoe f`h recleit aj f`hselc. = *

]fe edrl`est carhs ac rel`g`aus express`aj- ” wf`if w f`if `jm`idte tfe c`rst sepdrdt`aj ac tfe ega crah tfe drifetypdl psyife ” seeh s eeh ta ne dssai`dtem w`tf nur`dl r`tes. ]fe autstdjm`jg exdhple ac medtf ds tfe gejes`s ac rel`g`aj djm iajsi`ausjess `s tfe eldnardte hartudry syhnal`sh ac dji`ejt Egypt. ]f`s `s dlsa iledrly tfe ar`g`j ac dlifehy. ]fe ehndlh`jg ac tfe medm o`jg trdjscarhem f`h `jta As`r`s, dj eterjdl, `jiarrupt`nle namy. ]f`s `s tfe  pra tat ype yp e ac tfe tf e dl if ifeh eh`id `id l apus, apus,   wf`if dttehpts ta iredte tfe `jiarrupt`nle

Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje. ]fe dlifeh`idl vessel  

=,

Gaetfe. Cdust, Gaetfe.  Cdust, p.  p. 9.

=

"Kujg.  Rsyifalagy dh` ^el`g`aj; ^el`g`aj; West djm Edst, IW  @@.  @@. pdr. 570.  

 

 

C@GU^ E 3 - 4 = ]fe Medtf Fedm Ra`jts ta tfe Iash`i Ypfere (Falne`j, ]fe Mdjie ac Medtf.  Medtf.  4596.)

 nee j equ equdte dte m w`tf “tfe “tf e sed lem tahn tah n ac As`r`s As` r`s , iajtd` iaj td`j`j j`j g dll tfe l`h ns ac tfe =0 gam.‘   ]fe Egypt`dj hartudry syhnal`sh `s tfe c`rst gredt w`tjess ta tfe redl`ty ac

fds

tfe psyife. @t `s ds tfaugf tfe psyife idjjat iahe `jta ex`stejie ds d sepdrdte ejt`ty ujt`l tfe medtf ac tfe l`terdl, tfe iajirete, djm tfe pfys`idl. ]fe ialleit`ve ujiajsi`aus `s equ`vdlejt ta tfe ldjm ac tfe medm ar tfe dcterl`ce, djm d mesiejt `jta tfe ialleit`ve ujiajsi`aus `s idllem d jeoy`d jeoy`d   neiduse dj ejiaujter w`tf tfe dutajahaus psyife `s celt ds d medtf ac tf`s warlm. Rldta expl`i`tly iajjeits w`smah w`tf medtf. Car f`h, pf`lasapfy, tfe lave ac w`smah, `s qu`te l`terdlly d hart`c`idt`a. hart`c`idt`a. @j  @j tfe  Rfdema  Rfdema   fe wr`tes;

"Kujg, Dlifeh`idl "Kujg,  Dlifeh`idl Ytum`es, IW  49,   49, pdr. 07.  

 

“Rur`c`idt`aj, ds we sdw sahe t`he dga `j aur m`siuss`aj, iajs`sts `j sepdrdt`jg tfe saul ds huif ds pass`nle crah tfe namy, djm diiustah`jg `t ta w`tfmrdw crah dll iajtdit w`tf tfe namy djm iajiejtrdte `tselc ny `tselc, djm ta fdve `ts mwell`jg, ds cdr ds `t idj, natf jaw djm `j tfe cuture, dlaje ny `tselc, creem crah tfe sfdioles ac tfe namy. Maes jat tfdt callaw1" “Pes, `t maes," sd`m Y`hh`ds.   “@s jat wfdt we idll medtf d cree`jg djm sepdrdt`aj ac saul crah namy1‘   “Iertd`jly," fe sd`m.  

“Djm tfe mes`re ta cree tfe saul `s caujm if`ecly, ar rdtfer ajly, `j tfe true  pf` lasa pfe r. @j cdi t tfe pf` las apf er‑s aiiupdt`aj iajs`sts prei`sely `j tfe cree`jg djm sepdrdt`aj ac saul crah namy. @sj‑t tfdt sa1"   “Dppdrejtly.‘  

“Well tfej, ds 4 sd`m dt tfe neg`jj`jg, `c d hdj fds trd`jem f`hselc tfraugfaut f`s l`ce ta l`ve `j d stdte ds ilase ds pass`nle ta medtf, waulm `t jat  ne r`m `iu lau s ca r f `h ta ne m `st res sem wfej med tf iah es t a f` h1" “@t waulm, ac iaurse.‘  

“]fej `t `s d cdit, Y`hh`ds, tfdt true pf`lasapfers hdoe my`jg tfe`r  pra ces s`a j, djm tfd t ta tfe h ac dll hej medt f `s led st dldr h`j g. Laao dt `t `j tf`s wdy. @c tfey dre tfaraugfly m`ssdt`sc`em w`tf tfe namy, djm lajg ta fdve tfe`r sauls `jmepejmejt ac `t, wfej tf`s fdppejs waulm `t jat ne ejt`rely ujredsajdnle ta ne cr`gftejem djm m`stressem1 Waulm tfey jat jdturdlly ne gldm ta set aut car tfe pldie wfere tfere `s d praspeit ac dttd`j`jg tfe ankeit ac tfe`r l`celajg mes`re ” wf`if w f`if `s w`smah  ” djm d jm ac esidp`jg crah dj ujweliahe dssai`dt`aj1 Yurely tfere dre hdjy wfa fdve ifasej ac tfe`r awj cree w`ll ta callaw medm lavers djm w`ves djm sajs ta tfe jext warlm, `j tfe fape ac see`jg djm heet`jg tfere tfe persajs wfah tfey lavem. @c tf`s `s sa, w`ll d true laver ac w`smah wfa fds c`rhly grdspem tf`s sdhe iajv`it`aj -tfdt fe w`ll jever dttd`j ta w`smah wartfy ac tfe jdhe elsewfere tfdj `j tfe jext warlm -w`ll fe  ne gr`e vem dt my` jg1 W`l l fe jat ne gld m ta hdo e tfd t kau rje y1 We hust suppase sa, hy medr nay, tfdt `s, `c fe `s d redl pf`lasapfer, neidusi tfej fe w`ll ne ac tfe nel`ec tfdt fe w`ll jever c`jm w`smah `j dll `ts pur`ty `j djy atfer  pld ie.‘ ie. ‘ 52  

Wfdt stdjms aut `j tf`s pdssdge `s tfe stdrtl`jg stdtehejt tfdt “true  pf` lasa pfe rs hdo e my`j g tfe `r pra cess `aj ." ]fe sdh e idj ne sd` m ac dj `hp artd jt dspeit ac djdlys`s. Ds we pursue tfe w`tfmrdwdl ac prakeit`ajs, we hdoe my`jg aur  pra ces s`a j. ]fese `meds ac Rldta ledm m`reitly `jta Kujg's m`siuss`aj ac tfe uj`a hejtdl`s ` hejtdl`s ` j  Hys`er`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s  Hys`er`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s..  ]fere fe mesir`nes tfe iaj`ujit`a ds tdo`jg pldie `j tfree stdges. @j tfe c`rst stdge ac tf`s aperdt`aj saul djm sp`r`t dre uj`tem w`tf edif atfer. ]fe uj`tem pramuit `s tfej sepdrdtem crah tfe namy. ]f`s sepdrdt`aj `s exper`ejiem ds d medtf. Kujg wr`tes; ]fe uj`a hejtdl`s.  hejtdl`s.  tfe `jter`ar ajejess wf`if tamdy we idll `jm`v`mudt`aj, fe

(Marj) iajie`vem ds d psyif`i equ`l`nrdt`aj ac appas`tes “`j tfe averiah`jg ac tfe namy,‘ d stdte ac equdj`h`ty trdjsiejm`jg tfe namy's dcceit`v`ty djm  

w

Rldta,  Rfdei  Rfdeita, ta, 37i-36n.  37i-36n. `j ]fe Ialleitem M`dlagues.

 

ha urj `id  ja

474

`jst`jitudl`ty. ]fe sp`r`t wf`if `s ta uj`te w`tf tfe saul, fe idllem d "sp`rdile ac eterjdl l`ce,‘ d sart ac “w`jmaw `jta eterj`ty‘ (Le`nj`tz)   QQQQQQQQ Nut, `j armer ta nr`jg dnaut tfe`r sunsequejt reuj`aj, tfe h`jm {hejt) hust ne sepdrdtem crah tfe namy ” wf`if w f`if `s equ`vdlejt ta valujtdry medtf car ajly sepdrdtem tf`jgs idj uj`te. Ny tf`s sepdrdt`aj ( m`strdit`a m`strdit`a)) Marj anv`ausly hedjt d m`sir`h`jdt`aj djm m`s salut`aj ac tfe “iahpas`te,‘ tfe iahpas`te stdte ne`jg aje `j wf`if tfe dcceit`v`ty ac tfe namy fds d m`sturn* `jg `jcluejie aj tfe rdt`ajdl`ty ac tfe h`jm. ]fe d`h ac tf`s sepdrdt`aj wds ta cree tfe h`jm ac tfe `jcluejie ac “tfe nam`ly dppet`tes djm tfe fedrt‑s dccei t`ajs," djm ta estdnl`sf d sp`r`tudl  pas `t` aj wf` if `s sup rda rm` jdt e ta tfe tur nul ejt spf ere ac tf e nam y. ]f` s ledm s dt c`rst ta d m`ssai`dt`aj ac tfe persajdl`ty djm d v`aldt`aj ac tfe herely jdturdl hdj. ]f`s prel`h`jdry step, `j `tselc d iledr nlejm ac Yta`i pf`lasapfy djm Ifr`st`dj  psy ifa lag y, `s `jm `sp ejs dnl e car tfe m`c cer ejt `dt `aj ac iaj si` aus jess . Hame rj  psy ifa tfe rdp y h doe s us e a c t fe sdhe pr aiem ure wfej `t ank eit `c` es tfe dcce its djm `jst`jits djm iaj crajts tfe iajsi`ausjess w`tf tfeh tfeh..54  ]fus tfe uj`a hej`dl`s  hej`dl`s  iarrespajms prei`sely ta tfe pf`lasapfers wfa hdoe my`jg tfe`r pracess`aj.

@j tf`s prel`h`jdry step tfe “jdturdl hdj‘ hust ne hart`c`em djm reh`jmem tfdt, `j tfe warms ac ]fahds Grdy, ]fe nadst ac ferdlmry, tfe pahp ac pawer,

Djm dll tfdt neduty, dll tfdt wedltf e‑er gdve Dwd`t dl`oe tfe `jev`tdnle faur;

]fe pdtfs ac glary ledm nut ta tfe grdve.‘ 5>   Ar, `j tfe warms ac tfe Dpastle Rdul, “Pau hust o`ll everytf`jg `j yau tfdt  nel ajg s ajl y ta edr tfl y l`c e; car j` idt` aj, `hp ur` ty, gu `l ty pds s`a j, ev` l mes` res , djm espei`dlly greem, wf`if `s tfe sdhe tf`jg ds war sf`pp`jg d cdlse gam‘ (Ial. 9;5, KN). Ac iaurse tf`s stdtehejt `s ta ne tdoej syhnal`idlly, jat l`terdlly. Mes`res dre ta ne o`llem `j tfe`r ansess`ve. prakeitem carhs. Ejiaujter w`tf tfe ujiajsi`aus `s dlhast ny mec`j`t`aj d waujm`jg mecedt. @j  Hyster`uh  Hyster `uh Iaj`ujit`a Iaj`ujit`aj`s j`s   we c`jm aje ac tfe hast `hpartdjt sejtejies tfdt Kujg ever wrate; "]fe exper`ejie ac tfe selc `s dlw dys d mecedt car tfe ega.  ega.  "59   Djm `j djatfer waro fe wr`te s, “]fe `jtegrdt`aj ac   iajtejts tfdt were dlwdys ujiajsi`aus djm prakeitem `jvalves d ser`aus les`aj ac tfe ega. Dlifehy expresses tf`s tfraugf tfe syhnals ac

medtf, hut`ldt`aj, ar pa`saj`jg, ar tfraugf tfe iur`aus `med ac mrapsy.‘ 5=   ]f`s “les`aj ac tfe ega‘ `s wfdt `s syhnal`zem ny tfe c`gure ac tfe suj - fera wfa `s ldhe ar fds dj dhputdtem extreh`ty. @t `s tfe hedj`jg ac

@K

ujg.  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s. IcS  4=. pdr. 372cc.  

‘“Elegy Wr`ttej `j d Iaujtry Ifurifydrm.‘   "K

Uj

g.  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s. Iaj`ujit`aj`s. IW  4=.  4=. pdr. 766.  766.  

tfe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy, IW  43,  43, pdr. =7>.  =7>.  

 

Kdsaj ds d hajasdjmalas hajasdjmalas   wfa fdm last d sdjmdl wf`le idrry`jg dj ujojawj wahdj (Ferd) dirass d r`ver. @t `s dlsa tfe hedj`jg ac Aem`pus wfase jdhe hedjs

“swallej caat.‘ @ ajie mredhem tfdt wf`le Kujg wds g`v`jg d nr`ll`djt leiture @ jat`iem tfdt f`s r`gft caat wds ldhe.  ldhe.   Hart`ctidt`a  Hart`cti dt`a   `s exper`ejiem ds mecedt djm cd`lure. Jeemless ta sdy, aje rdrely ifaases suif dj exper`ejie. @t `s usudlly `hpasem ny l`ce, e`tfer crah w`tf`j ar crah w`tfaut. ]a sahe extejt `t idj ne exper`ejiem v`idr`ausly tfraugf tfdt gredt iulturdl `jstruhejt ac hart`ctidt`a, hart`ctidt`a,   tfe trdg`i mrdhd. @j sahe idses tfe mrdhd idj  pra v`m e evej har e tfd j d v`i dr` aus exp er` eji e. @c tfe t`h e `s r`g ft, `t idj fdv e dj `jmuit`ve ecceit djm `j`t`dte dj dutfejt`i trdjscarhdt`aj praiess `j tfe `jm`v`mudl. Wfdt @ fdve wr`ttej `j djatfer waro `s relevdjt fere; G`lnert Hurrdy fds g`vej us d vdludnle mesir`pt`aj ac tfe ar`g`j djm nds`i cedtures ac tfe ildss`i trdgemy _quatem `j Fdrr`saj, ]feh`s, ]feh`s, 9=  9= @ccX. @t `s f`s v`ew tfdt Greeo trdgemy stdrtem ds tfe r`tudl re-ejdithejt ac tfe medtf djm ren`rtf ac tfe yedr-sp`r`t (equdtem w`tf M`ajysus), djm tfdt tf`s r`tudl reejdithejt fdm caur if`ec cedtures. C`rst tfere `s dj dgaje dgaje   ar iajtest `j wf`if tfe pratdgaj`st, tfe represejtdt`ve ac tfe aryedr-sp`r`t, `s `j tfe iajtest mdrojess ar ev`l. Yeiajmly, tfere `s d  pdtfas  pdtfas ar pdss`aj `j wf`if fera w`tf ujmergaes succer`jg djm mecedt. ]f`rm `s d tfrejas tfrejas   ar ldhejtdt`aj car tfe mecedtem fera. Djm caurtfly, tfere `s d tfeapfdjy. tfeapfdjy. d  d ren`rtf ac l`ce aj djatfer level w`tf d reversdl ac ehat`aj crah sarraw ta kay. ]f`s sequejie `s nds`idlly tfe sdhe ds tfe r`tudl mrdhd ac As`r`s djm ac Ifr`st, edif ac wf`if fds tfe ifdrditer`st`i cedtures ac tfe medtf djm ren`rtf ac tfe yedr-sp`r`t. @j ldter Greeo trdgemy tfe c`jdl pfdse, tfe tfeapfdjy, dlhast m`sdppedrs, perfdps rehd`j`jg ajly ds d f`jt. @j  psyi fal ag` idl ter hs we idj sdy tfd t tfe seq uej ie ac ste ps wf` if iaj st` tut e tfe trdg`i praiess `jvalves tfe averiah`jg ac tfe ega, tfe mecedt ac tfe iajsi`aus w`ll, `j armer car tfe Yelc, tfe c`jdl ep`pfdjy, ta hdj`cest. 55   ]fe  pdtfas  pdtfas   djm tfrejas tfrejas   stdges ac succer`jg djm mecedt iarrespajm ta tfe dlifeh`idl hart`ctidt`a, hart`ctidt`a,   djm tfe tfeapfdjy tfeapfdjy   iarrespajms ta tfe renarj, `jiarrupt`nle

 nam y tfd t spraut spr autss aut ac tfe iar iarpse pse ac As`r`s As` r`s . Yfd oesp edr edre‑s e‑s  O`jg Ledr   `s d  pdr t`i uld rly gaa m exd hpl e ac tr dgem y ds hart`ctidt`a. hart`ctidt`a.   @j d text prev`ausly quatem,

tfe alm hdj sdys fe `s “sur - jdhem tfe mrdgaj.‘ Y`h`ldrly, wrdtfcul O`jg Ledr, edrly `j tfe pldy, `mejt`c`es f`hselc w`tf tfe mrdgaj w`tf f`s warms ta Oejt,

“Iahe jat netweej tfe mrdgaj djm f`s wrdtf‘ ( Dit 4, si. 4, l`je 4>=). ]fe pldy tfej ujcalms ds d pragress`ve str`pp`jg ac dutfar`ty, pawer, djm iajtral crah tfe o`jg. ]fe w`ll ac tfe o`jgly ega ujmergaes tatdl hart`ctidt`a hart`ctidt`a   ta tfe pa`jt ac hdmjess. Aut ac tf`s j`grema j`grema   stdte `s narj tfe tfeapfdjy ac Le dr‑s trdjscarhdt`aj. ]fraugf f`s hdmjess fe gets d gl`hpse ac tfe trdjspersajdl psyife tfdt fe `s jaw w`ll`jg ta serve. Dcter c`jdl mecedt

Em`jger, “]fe ]rdg`i Fera; Dj @hdge ac @jm`v`mudt`aj.‘  

 

 ny Emh ujm ‑s carie car ie s, ds Ledr djm Iarmel`d dre ne`jg lem ta pr`saj, tfe tfeapfdjy iahes `j tf`s stujj`jg pdssdge. Fere tfe nldio medtf‑* fedm turjs ta galm.   Iahe, let‑s dwdy ta pr`saj;   We twa dlaje w`ll s`jg l`oe n`rms `* tfe idge;

Wfej tfau mast dso he nless`jg, @‑ll ojeel mawj Djm dso ac tfee carg`vejess; sa we‑ll l`ve,   Djm prdy, djm s`jg, djm tell alm tdles, djm ldugf Dt g`lmem nuttercl`es, djm fedr paar ragues ]dlo ac iaurt

jews? djm we‑ll tdlo w`tf tfeh taa,   Wfa lases djm wfa w`js, wfa‑s `j, wfa‑s aut?   Djm tdoe upaj‑s tfe hystery ac tf `jgs, Ds `c we were Gam‑s sp`es; djm we‑ll wedr aut,   @j d wdll‑m pr`saj, pdios djm seits ac gredt ajes ]fdt enn djm claw ny tfe haaj. (Dit 5, si. 9, l`jes 6-46)

W`tf tf`s stdtehejt Ledr fds pdssem neyajm tfe appas`tes. Yelc repldies ega. Nldiojess turjs ta galm. ]fe hamerj paet ]feamare ^aetfoe mesir`nes d pdrdllel exper`ejie ac tfe Yelcs ne`jg narj aut ac tfe j`grema j`grema `j  `j f`s paeh

“@j d Mdro ]`he‘;   @j d mdro t`he, tfe eye neg`js ta see, @ heet hy sfdmaw `j tfe meepej`jg sfdme? @ fedr hy eifa `j tfe eifa`jg waam ”   D larm ac jdture weep`jg ta d tree. @   l`ve netweej tfe feraj djm tfe wrej. Nedsts ac tfe f`ll djm serpejts ac tfe mej.

Wfdt‑s hdmjess nut jan`l`ty ac saul   Dt amms w`tf i`riuhstdjie1 ]fe mdy‑s aj c`re!   @   ojaw tfe pur`ty ac pure mespd`r. Hy sfdmaw p`jjem dgd`jst d swedt`jg wdll. ]fdt pldie dhajg tfe raios ” `s ` s `t d idve. Ar w`jm`jg pdtf1 ]fe emge `s wfdt @ fdve. D stedmy stredh ac iarrespajmejies! D j`gft claw`jg w`tf n`rms, d rdggem haaj. Djm `j nradm mdy tfe h`mj`gft iahe dgd`j! D hdj gaes cdr ta c`jm aut wfdt fe `s ”   Medtf ac tfe selc `j d lajg, tedrless j`gft. Dll jdturdl sfdpes nldz`jg ujjdturdl l`gft. Mdro, mdro hy l`gft, djm mdroer hy mes`re. Hy saul, l`oe sahe fedt-hdmmejem suhher cly. Oeeps nuzz`jg dt tfe s`ll. Wf`if @ `s 41 D cdllej hdj, @ il`hn aut ac hy cedr.

 

]fe h`jm ejters `tselc, djm Gam tfe h`jm. Djm aje `s Aje, cree `j tfe tedr`jg w`jm .53  ]f`s rehdrodnle paeh fds tfe r`jg ac iahplete psyifalag`idl dutfejt`i`ty. @t `s d hamerj express`aj ac tfe sdhe exper`ejie ds ldy nef`jm  O`jg Ledr?  Ledr?   tfdt `s, `t mer`ves crah tfe sdhe drifetype. ]fe c`rst stdjzd spedos ac mdrojess nr`jg`jg d jew o`jm ac v`s`aj. ]fe ega's larmsf`p aver jdture `s avertfrawj. Weep`jg ta d tree `s djdlagaus ta tfe fedtf sieje `j  O`jg Ledr. Ledr. ]fe ujiajsi`aus ds jdture djm ds dj`hdl fds eruptem `jta iajsi`ausjess. ]fe seiajm stdjzd `s iajierjem w`tf hdmjess, ds wds Ledr `j tfe starh. Wfdt `s hdmjess1 @t `s saul `j iajcl`it w`tf i`riuhstdjie. @t `s `jjer djm auter redl`ty iajcusem. @llus`ajs dre ne`jg m`ssalvem. Aje's mdro s`me `s p`jjem djm hust ne diojawlemgem. ]fe appas`tes iahe `jta v`ew, djm tfe ega hust trdverse tfe jdrraw emge netweej tfeh. ]fe tf`rm stdjzd

spedos ac d “stredh ac iarrespaj me jies.‘ Wfej tfe meptfs ac tfe ujiajsi`aus apej, “i`riuhstdjie‘ irdios apej, syjifraj`i`t`es aiiur, djm trdjspersajdl hedj`jgs sf`je tfraugf ”“j  ”“jdtu dtu rdl sfd pes nld z`j g ujj dtu rdl l`g ft.‘ ft .‘ @j tfe tf e caurt cau rtff stdjzd tfe dutfar neiahes m`s`mejt`c`em crah f`s mes`re djm crah f`s “saul‘”  tfdt  tfdt `s, tfe ujiajsi`aus. L`oe Ledr, fe fdm neej naujm ta d wfeel ac c`re, `j d stdte ac `mejt`ty w`tf tfe trdjspersajdl ejerg`es ac tfe Yelc. Jaw fe `s reledsem djm idj redl`ze tfe Yelc ds sepdrdte crah tfe ega. Ds ^aetfoe sdys `j djatfer  pae h (“] fe

Yfdpe ac C`re‘), “tfe remeeher iahes d mdro wdy.‘   Djatfer paet`i express`aj ac tfe har``c`ed``a har``c`ed``a   exper`ejie `s caujm `j tfese l`jes

crah “Edst Iaoer‘ ny ]. Y. El`at;   @   sd`m ta hy saul, ne st`ll, djm wd`t w`tfaut fape Car fape waulm ne fape car tfe wrajg tf`jg? wd`t w`tfaut lave Car lave waulm ne lave car tfe wrajg tf`jg? tfere `s yet cd`tf Nut tfe cd`tf djm tfe lave djm tfe fape dre dll `j tfe wd`t`jg. Wd`t w`tfaut tfaugft, car car yau dre jat redmy car tfaugft; Ya tfe mdrojess sfdll ne tfe l`gft, djm tfe st`lljess tfe mdji`jg.

@j armer ta drr`ve dt wfdt yau ma jat ojaw Pau hust ga ny d wdy wf`if `s tfe wdy ac `gjardjie. @j armer ta passess wfdt yau ma jat passess Pau hust ga ny tfe wdy ac m`spassess`aj. @j armer ta drr`ve dt wfdt yau dre jat Pau hust ga tfraugf tfe wdy `j wf`if yau dre jat. Djm wfdt yau ma jat ojaw `s tfe ajly tf`jg yau ojaw Djm wfdt yau awj `s wfdt yau ma jat awj Djm wfere yau dre `s wfere yau dre jat.

*]fc Ialleitem Raehs ac ]feamare ^aetfoe.  p. >94  

 

Aut ac tfe exper`ejie ac mdrojess djm ehpt`jess idj iahe tfe ejiaujter w`tf tfe `jjer iahpdj`aj. Kujg spedos ac suif dj exper`ejie; ]fe stdte ac `hperceit trdjscarhdt`aj, herely fapem car djm wd`tem car, maes jat seeh ta ne aje ac tarhejt ajly, nut ac pas`t`ve, `c f`mmej, fdpp`jess. @t `s tfe stdte ac saheaje wfa, `j f`s wdjmer`jgs dhajg tfe hdzes ac f`s psyif`i trdjscarhdt`aj, iahes upaj d seiret fdpp`jess wf`if reiaji`les f`h ta f`s dppdrejt lajel`jess. @j iahhuj`jg w`tf f`hselc fe c`jms jat medmly naremah djm heldjifaly nut dj `jjer  pdr tj tjer? er? har e tfd j tfdt, tf dt, d rel dt` ajs f`p tfd t see hs l` oe tfe fdp p` jes s ac d sei ret lave, la ve, ar l`oe d f`mmej spr`jgt`he, wfej tfe greej seem sprauts crah tfe ndrrej edrtf, falm`jg aut tfe prah`se ac cuture fdrvests. @t `s tfe dlifeh`idl nejem`itd v`r`m`tds, tfe nlessem greejjess, s`gj`cy`jg aj tfe aje fdjm tfe “leprasy ac tfe hetdls‘ (verm`gr`s),  nut  nu t aj tfe atfer tfe seiret `hhdjejie ac tfe m`v`je sp`r`t ac l`ce `j dll 57 tf`jgs.  

 Hart`c`id  Har t`c`idt`a t`a  ledms us m`reitly `jta tfe `hdgery ac Ifr`st‑s Rdss`aj” f`s f`s haio`jg, cldgelldt`aj, tarture, djm medtf (see c`gure 3-45). ]fe dlifeh`sts sahet`hes expl`i`tly iajjeitem tfe tredthejt ac tfe hdter`dl `j tfe vessel w`tf tfe tredthejt Ifr`st reie`vem. Car `jst djie, aje text sdys, “@t `s jat ujc`tly iahpdrem w`tf Ifr`st wfej tfe putrec`em namy ac tfe Yuj l`es medm, `jdit`ve, l`oe dsfes `j tfe nattah ac tfe pf`dl QQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQ Q Ya dlsa m`m `t fdppej ta Ifr`st f`hselc, wfej dt tfe Haujt ac Al`ves, djm aj tfe irass, fe wds radstem ny tfe c`re ac tfe m`v`je wrdtf (Hdtt. >3, >7), djm iahpld`jem tfdt fe wds utterly mesertem ny f`s fedvejly Cdtfer..." 5 * Djatfer text redms; Dgd`j, ds aur ifeh`idl iahpaujm ...`s sunkeitem ta tfe dit`aj ac c`re, djm `s meiahpasem, m`ssalvem, djm well m`gestem, djm ds tf`s praiess, necare `ts iajsuhhdt`aj, exf`n`ts vdr`aus ifrahdt`i ifdjges, sa tf`s M`v`je Hdj, djm Fuhdj Gam, Kesus Ifr`st, fdm, ny tfe w`ll ac f`s fedvejly Cdtfer, ta pdss tfraugf tfe curjdie ac dccl`it`aj, tfdt `s, tfraugf hdjy traunles, `jsults, djm succer`jgs, `j tfe iaurse ac wf`if F`s autwdrm dspeit wds gr`evausly ifdjgem.... ]fej dgd`j, tfe Ydges fdve idllem aur iahpaujm, wf`le ujmerga`jg tfe praiess

ac meiahpas`t`aj, tfe ^dvej‑s Fedm, aj diiaujt ac `ts nldiojess. @j tfe sdhe wdy, Ifr`st (@sd`df, 59) fdm ja carh jar iahel`jess ” wds w ds mesp`sem djm rekeitem ac hej ”  d hdj ac sarraws djm diqud`jtem w`tf gr`ec  ” sa s a mesp`sem, tfdt hej f`m, ds `t were, tfe`r cdies crah F`h ” 50  

]f`s pdssdge iajjeits tfe tarturem  pr`hd hdter`d  jat ajly w`tf Ifr`st fut dlsa w`tf tfe succer`jg servdjt ac @sd`df wfa persaj`c`es [`aj djm tfe Hess`df yet ta iahe. ]f`s well-ojawj sdy`jg ac Kesus dlsa nelajgs ta hart`c`idt`a syhnal`sh; “@c djyaje wdjts ta ne d callawer ac h`je, let f`h rejaujie f`hselc

▢*

Uj

6.  Hyster`uh

Iaj`ujit `aj`s. I W   4=,

pdr. 3>9. pdr.

=65. w

d`ti. trdjs..

]fe Ferhet`i Huseu h 4;424 cc.

 

 

C@GU^E 3 4 5 ]fe Yiaurg`jg ac Ifr`st (Hd`r ac Ldjmsfut, 45tf iejtury. Lajmaj. Nr`t`sf Huseuh. ^epr`jtem `j F`jm.  Dj @jtramuit`aj ta d F`stary ac Waami ut.)  ut.)  

djm tdoe up f`s irass djm callaw he. Car djyaje wfa wdjts ta sdve f`s l`ce

w`ll lase `t? nut djyaje wfa lases f`s l`ce car hy sdoe w`ll c`jm `t‘ (Hdtt. 43;>=, >5 KN). ]fe sdhe `med `s expressem hare stdroly `j tfe callaw`jg jajidjaj`- idl

sdy`jg crah d reiejtly m`siaverem Gjast`i text; “Ser`ly @ sdy ujta yau, jaje w`ll ne sdvem ujless tfey nel`eve `j hy irass. Nut tfase wfa fdve  nel `ev em `j hy i ra ss, tf e`r s ` s t fe o`j gm ah ac Gam . ] fer eca re  nei ahe see oer s c ar med tf , l `oe tf e m edm wfa see o c ar l` ce QQQQ QQ W fej yau exdh`je medtf `t w`ll tedif yau eleit`aj. Ser`ly @ sdy ujta yau, jaje ac

 

@

 

tfase wfa cedr medtf w`ll ne sdvem? car tfe o`jgmah ac medtf nelajgs nelajgs t a tfase wfa put tfehselves ta medtf .‘32  Rsyifalag`idlly we idj ujmerstdjm tf`s ta recer ta tfe ldw ac appas`tes ” tfe t fe cdit tfdt tfe iajsi`aus exper`ejie ac aje s`me iajstelldtes `ts

appas`te `j tfe ujiajsi`aus. @j Gaetfe‑s warms,  st`rn uji` uji` werme, m`e djm neiahe. ]a tfe extejt tfdt tfe ega iajsi`ausly ehnrdies medtf `t iajstelldtes l`ce `j meptf. ]f`s cdit `s reldtem ta tfe psyifalagy ac sdir`c`ie. ]fe autstdjm`jg dlifeh`idl exdhple ac tfe sdir`c`i`dl tfehe `s caujm `j tfe v`s`ajs ac [as`has, wfere we redm; “@ dh @aj, tfe pr`est ac   tfe `jjer sdjitudr`es, djm @ sunh`t hyselc ta dj ujejmurdnle tarhejt. Car tfere idhe aje `j fdste dt edrly harj`jg, wfa averpawerem he, djm p`eriem he tfraugf w`tf tfe swarm, djm m`shehnerem he `j diiarmdjie w`tf tfe rule ac fdrhajy. Djm fe mrew acc tfe so`j ac hy fedm w`tf tfe swarm, wf`if fe w`elmem w`tf strejgtf, djm h`jglem tfe najes w`tf tfe p`eies ac clesf, djm idusem tfeh ta ne nurjem upaj tfe c`re ac tfe drt, t`ll @ perie`vem ny tfe trdjscarhdt`aj ac tfe namy tfdt @ fdm  nei ahe sp `r` t .‘34  @aj, tfe pr`est ac tfe `jjer sdjitudr`es sdjitudr`es,, `s d persaj`c`i persaj`c`idt`aj dt`aj ac natf tfe pr`hd tfe  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d   djm tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje. Fe `s natf tfe sdir`c`ier   djm tfe sdir`c`iem. @j tf`s respeit fe iarrespajms ta tfe c`gure ac Ifr`st ds p`iturem `j Fenrews; “Nut jaw Ifr`st fds iahe, ds tfe f`gf pr`est ac   dll tfe nless`jgs wf`if were ta iahe. Fe fds pdssem tfraugf tfe gredter,

tfe hare perceit tejt, wf`if `s netter tfdj tfe aje hdme ny hej‑s fdjms    nei dus e ` t ` s j at ac tf` s i red tem arm er? djm fe fds e jte rem tfe sdj itu dry ajie djm car dll, tdo`jg w`tf f`h jat tfe nlaam ac gadts djm null idlves,

 nu  nutt f `s awj nla am, fdv fdv`j `jgg w aj dj eterj et erj dl rem ehp t` t`aj aj car us‘ (Fe n.   0;44, 4> KN). @aj, tfe pr`est wfa sunh`ts f`hselc ta dj ujejmurdnle tarhejt, `s reh`j`siejt ac d rehdrodnle pdssdge `j dj ujpunl`sfem letter ny Kujg; ]fe pranleh ac irui`c`x`aj `s tfe neg`jj`jg ac `jm`v`mudt`aj? tfere `s tfe seiret hedj`jg ac tfe Ifr`st`dj syhnal`sh, d pdtf ac nlaam djm  succer`jg   ”   l`oe djy atfer step  carwdrm aj tfe aj tfe radm ac  tfe   tfe evalut`aj ac fuhdj iajsi`ausjess. Idj hdj stdjm d curtfer `jiredse ac iajsi`ausjess1...! iajcess tfdt @ sunh`ttem ta tfe m`v`je pawer ac tf`s dppdrejtly ujsurhau ujsurhaujtdnle jtdnle pranleh djm @  djm  @   iajsi`ausly djm `jtejt`ajdlly hdme hdme hy  hy l`ce h`serdnle, neiduse @ wdjtem Iam ta ne dl`ve djm cree crah tfe succer`jg hdj fds put aj f`h ny lav`jg f`s awj redsaj hare tfdj Gam‑s seiret `jtejt`ajs .3>  ]fe `med ac mel`nerdtely hdo`jg ajeselc   h`serdnle `s m`cc`iult   maitr`je. We hust rehehner, fawever, tfdt  Kujg  `s   `s spedo`jg ta d  pdrt`iuldr  

"]fe Jdg Fdhhdm Fdhhdm`` L`nrdr L`nrdry, y, pp pp.. 9 @ c . Z Uj g. Dlifeh`idl Ytum`es. I@ S 49, pur.  pur.   63.    }

 Dmler,   “Dspeits ac  Kujg's Rersajdl`ty djm Waro." p. 4>.  Dmler,

 

 per saj `j tf` s let ter . ]fe re `s hui f ev` mej ie tf dt Kuj g dmk ust em f`s ham e ac spedo`jg ta tfe redl`ty ac tfe persaj fe wds tdlo`jg ta. Car `jstdjie, `j tdlo`jg ta f`s Dher`idj @jm`dj cr`ejm, Haujtd`j Ldoe, fe talm f`h tfdt fe, Kujg, nelajgem ta d idttle-nreem`jg tr`ne tfdt l`vem `j tfe haujtd`js. Ya @ suspeit tfdt tf`s letter `s td`larem ta tfe psyifalagy ac tfe persaj ta wfah `t `s wr`ttej. Jevertfeless, Jevertfeless, `ts hame ac express`aj g`ves us d cresf djgle ac v`s`aj. ]a pdy dttejt`aj ta tfe ujiajsi`aus maes hedj ta mel`nerdtely hdoe ajeselc h`serdnle `j armer tfdt tfe dutajahaus psyife w`ll ne dnle ta cujit`aj hare creely. @t fds jatf`jg ta ma w`tf hdsaif`sh nut `s rdtfer d iajsi`aus pdrt`i`pdt`aj `j tfe praiess ac ditudl`z`jg

tfe Me`ty. @j tfe warms ac He`ster Eiofdrt, “Yuccer`jg dlaje `s succ`i`ejt  prepd  pr epd rdt `aj car Gam ‑s mwe ll` jg `j hdj ‑s   fedrt QQ Gam `s dlwdys w`tf d hdj `j succer`jg? ds fe f`hselc meildrem

 ny tfe tf e hau tf ac tfe tf e prapf pr apf et, ‚Wfa sae ver `s sar raw cul , @ w`l l hys elc ne w`t f f`h‑‘ (prandnly Ker. 94;>5). 39   @ dh reh`jmem ac d wahdj wfa, `j tfe iaurse ac fer l`ce, fdm hare tfdj fer cd`r sfdre ac succer`jg djm crustrdt`aj. Yfe strugglem `j djdlys`s car hdjy yedrs ta diiept fer cdte djm ta hdster fer n`tterjess. Fer eccarts were evejtudlly irawjem w`tf d mredh tfdt iajtd`jem tf`s `hdge; /  see d tree wf`if fdm neej struio ny l`gftj`jg. Fawever, Fawever, `t seehem tfdt `t fdm jat neej mestrayem iahpletely, nut tfdt sahetf`jg ac tfe eleitr`i pawer fdm gaje tfraugf tfe tree djm `jta `ts surraujm`jgs wfere `t idusem ujusudl cert`l`ty. ]f`s mredh reh`jmem fer ac d prev`aus mredh `j wf`if d gadt fdm neej sdir`c`iem. @j d p`iture tfdt sfe mrew ac tfdt mredh, tfe nlaam ac tfe sdir`c`iem gadt `s cert`l`z`jg tfe surraujm`jg vegetdt`aj (see c`gure 3-43). @j cdit, tf`s wahdj maes fdve d cdvardnle ecceit aj fer surraujm`jgs. Yfe `s d g`ctem tedifer, djm fer lajg hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   fds fe`gftejem djm hdturem fer g`cts. ]fe mredh ac tfe l`gftj`jg-struio l`gftj`jg-strui o tree fds s`h`ldr`t`es ta d mredh tfdt Kujg fdm `j 404=.  Cr`gftcul ialm fdm dgd`j mesiejmem crah aut ac tfe iashas. ]f`s mredh, fawever, fdm dj ujexpeitem ejm. ]fere staam d ledc- nedr`jg tree, nut w`tfaut cru`t (hy tree ac l`ce,  l`ce,  / tfaugft), wfase ledves fdm neej trdjscarhem ny tfe ecceits ac tfe crast `jta  sweet grdpes cull ac fedl`jg ku`ies. @ pluioem tfe grdpes djm gdve tfeh ta d ldrge, wd`t`jg irawm. H   Ds prev`ausly hejt`ajem, tfe dlifeh`idl hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a fds  fds very ilase pdrdllels ta

tfe `hdgery ac Ifr`st‑s Rdss`aj. @j cdit tfey dre natf expres -

39He`ster Eiofdrt  4;>39.  4;>39.  

H

Kujg, Hehar`es, Mredhs, ^ecleit`ajs,  p. 473.  

 

 

C@GU^E 3  43 Rdt`ejt‑s Mrdw`jg  

s`ajs ac tfe sdhe drifetype. Fawever, tfe dlifeh`idl dtt`tume ta tfe Ifr`st`hdge djm tfe dtt`tume ac rel`g`aus cd`tf dre very m`ccerejt. Kujg tdoes gredt idre ta hdoe tfe m`st`jit`aj `j tfe callaw`jg quatdt`aj;

@c tfe dmept exper`ejies f`s awj selc, tfe “true hdj,‘ `j f`s waro, tfej... fe ejiaujters tfe djdlagy ac tfe true hdj ” Ifr`st I fr`st ” `j ` j jew djm m`reit carh, djm fe reiagj`zes `j tfe trdjscarhdt`aj `j wf`if fe f`hselc `s `jvalvem d s`h`ldr`ty ta tfe Rd ss`aj. @t `s jat dj “`h`tdt`aj ac Ifr`st‘ nut `ts exdit appas`te; dj dss`h`ldt`aj ac tfe Ifr`st-`hdge ta f`s awj selc, wf`if `s tfe

“true hdj.‘ @t `s ja lajger dj eccart, dj `jtejt`ajdl str`v`jg dcter `h`tdt`aj,  nut rdt fer dj `j val uj tdr y e xpe r` eji e a c t fe red l`t y r epr ese jt em ny tf e s dir em legejm....]fe Rdss`aj fdppejs ta tfe dmept, jat `j `ts ildss`i carh...nut `j tfe carh expressem ny tfe dlifeh`idl hytf. @t `s tfe dridje sunstdjie tfdt succers tfase pfys`idl pfys`idl djm hardl tarturesQQ@t `s jat tfe dmept wfa succers dll tf`s, rdtfer `t   succers `j f`h, `t  `s   `s tarturem, `t   pdsses tfraugf medtf djm r`ses

dgd`j. Dll tf`s fdppejs, jat ta tfe dlifeh`st f`hselc nut ta tfe “true hdj," wfa fe ceels `s jedr f`h djm `j f`h djm dt tfe sdhe t`he `j tfe retart .35  ]a iajilume, ds d prev`ausly quatem text `hpl`em, tfe hat`c ac tfe war``k`idt`a   ac tfe o`jg fds dj dppl`idt`aj ta tfe ialleit`ve psyife. Aur war``k`idt`a ialleit`ve Gam-`hdge `s ujmerga`jg hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   ds `s `jm`idtem ny tfe pfrdse

“Gam `s medm.‘ ]fe ialleit`ve psyife `s tfus ga`jg tfraugf d   “Kujg.

  4=, pdr. =0>.   H vster`uh Iaj`urtit`aj`s. IW  4=,

 

j`g rema.  rema.  Kujg dllumes ta tf`s `j f`s `jterpretdt`aj ac Dugust`je‑s terhs,

“harj`jg ojawlemge‘ djm “evej`jg ojawlemge.‘ Harj`jg ojawlemge `s ojawlemge ac tfe iredtar, evej`jg ojawlemge `s tfe ojawlemge ac iredtem tf`jgs. Harj`jg ojawlemge ojaws dnaut Gam, evej`jg ojawlemge ojaws dnaut fuhdj`ty. Harj`jg ojawlemge `s rel`g`aj, evej`jg ojawlemge `s si`ejie. ]fe trdjs`t`aj crah harj`jg ojawlemge ta evej`jg ojawlemge

iarrespajms ta tfe cdit tfdt “every sp`r`tudl trutf grdmudlly turjs `jta sahetf`jg hdter`dl, neiah`jg ja hare tfdj d taal `j tfe fdjm ac hdj .‘33  Ds hare djm hare cdlls ujmer tfe rdt`ajd l iajtral ac tfe ega, fuhdj`ty‑s harj`jg

ojawlemge `s `jireds`jgly mdroejem. Ds Kujg sdys, “Hamerj hdj `s dlredmy sa mdroejem tfdt jatf`jg neyajm tfe l`gft ac f`s awj `jtelleit `lluh`jdtes tfe warlm. ‚Aiedsus Ifr`st`, pdss`a Ifr`st`.' ]fdt surely `s wfy suif strdjge tf`jgs dre fdppej`jg ta aur huif ldumem i`v`l`zdt`aj, hare l`oe d Góttermíhherujg  Góttermíhherujg    tfdj djy jarhdl tw`l`gft .‘37 

“Nut kust ds evej`jg g`ves n`rtf ta harj`jg, sa crah tfe mdrojess dr`ses d jew l`gft, tfe Ytelld hdtut`jd,  hdtut`jd,  wf`if `s dt ajie tfe evej`jg djm tfe harj`jg stdr  L ui`cer, tfe l`gft-nr`jger ..‘ ‘36  @j terhs ac tfe syhnal`sh ac tfe sevej  ” Lui`cer, mdys ac iredt`aj djm tfe sevej mdys ac tfe weeo, `t wds tfaugft tfdt edif mdy tdoes fuhdj ne`jgs cdrtfer dwdy crah tfe`r harj`jg ojawl emge ujt`l “tfe graw`jg mdrojess redifes `ts gredtest `jtejs`ty aj tfe mdy ac Sejus (Cr`mdy),

djm ifdjges `jta Lui`cer aj Ydturj‑s mdy. Ydturmdy ferdlms tfe l`gft wf`if dppedrs `j cull strejgtf aj Yuj-mdy QQQ ]fe Ydnndtf `s tferecare tfe mdy aj wf`if hdj returjs ta Gam djm reie`ves djew tfe l`gft ac tfe iagj`t`a hdtut`jd  hdtut`jd  (harj`jg ojawlemge). Djm tf`s mdy fds ja evej`jg .‘30 

“Dlifeh`idl Ytum`es, IW  49,   49, pdr. 92>.   3,

@n`m.

“@n`m., pdr. >00.   ‚¿@n`m., pdr. 924.  

 

 

 

* -7 Ye dr dt` aj

]

fe  R^@H D HD]E^@D  wds tfaugft ac ds d iahpas`te,

d iajcusem h`x-

 ture ac ujm`ccerejt`dtem ujm`ccerejt`dtem djm iajtrdry iahpajej iahpajejts ts requ`r`jg d p rai-

ess ac sepdrdt`aj. @hdges car tf`s praiess dre suppl`em ny vdr`aus ifeh`idl djm pfys`idl praiemures percarhem `j tfe dlifeh`idl ldnardtary. ldnardtary. Hetdl wds extrditem crah `ts irume are ny fedt`jg, pulver`z`jg, ar vdr`aus ifeh`idl hedjs. Hdjy sunstdjies wfej fedtem w`ll sepdrdte `jta d valdt`le pdrt wf`if vdpar`zes djm dj edrtfy res`mue wf`if rehd`js  ne f`j m. Dhd lgdhs lg dhs , ca carr ` jst dji e, wfe j fed tem rel eds e t fe` r h eri ury ds vdpar djm ledve tfe jajvaldt`le hetdl dt tfe nattah ac tfe vessel. ]fe  pr aie ss ac m`s t`l ldt `aj `a j w `l l s epd rdt e d har e v val al dt` le l`q u`m cra h d les s valdt`le aje, djm evdpardt`aj sepdrdtes sepdrdtes d l`qu`m salvejt crah tfe sal`m tfdt fdm neej m`ssalvem `j `t. C`ltrdt`aj, C`ltrdt`aj, sem`hejtdt`aj, djm perfdps evej irume iejtr`cug`jg were dvd`ldnle ta tfe dlifeh`st. @j dll tfese exdhples, d iahpas`te h`xture ujmergaes d m`sir`h`jdt`aj ac `ts iahpajejt pdrts. Armer `s nraugft aut ac iajcus`aj `j d praiess djdlagaus ta tfdt `j wf`if iashas `s narj aut ac ifdas `j iredt`aj hytfs. @t `s jat surpr`s`jg, tferecare, tfdt hdjy iashagaj`i hytfs mesir`ne iredt`aj ds  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   (see c`gure 7-4). Car `jstdjie, Av`m mesir`nes iredt`aj ds callaws; Necare tfe sed wds, djm tfe ldjms, djm tfe soy tfdt fdjgs aver dll, tfe cdie ac Jdture sfawem dl`oe `j fer wfale raujm, wf`if stdte fdve hej idllem ifdas; d raugf, ujarmerem hdss ac tf`jgs, jatf`jg dt dll sdve l`celess nulo djm wdrr`jg seems ac `llhdtifem elehejts fedpem `j aje. Ja suj ds yet sfaje cartf upaj tfe warlm, jar m`m tfe wdx`jg haaj rejew fer slejmer farjs? jat yet m`m tfe edrtf fdjg pa`sem ny fer awj we`gft `j tfe i`riuhdhn`ejt d`r, jar fdm tfe aiedj stretifem fer drhs dlajg tfe cdr redifes ac tfe ldjms. Djm, tfaugf tfere wds natf ldjm djm sed djm d`r, ja aje iaulm tredm tfdt ldjm, ar sw`h tfdt sed? djm tfe d`r wds mdro. Ja carh ac tf`jgs rehd`jem tfe sdhe? dll ankeits were dt amms, car w`tf`j aje namy ialm tf`jgs strave w`tf fat, djm ha`st w`tf mry, sact tf`jgs w`tf fdrm, tf`jgs fdv`jg we`gft w`tf we`gftless tf`jgs. Gam -ar o`jml`er Jdture iahpasem tf`s str`ce? car fe rejt dsujmer ldjm crah `oy, djm sed crah ldjm, djm sepdrdtem tfe etferedl fedvejs crah tfe

 

 

C@GU^E 7 -@ Gam Iredt`jg tfe Warlm (Hdjusir`pt `llustrdt`aj, 49tf iejtury. S`ejjd. Dustr`dj  Jdt `aj dl L`n rdr y. ^ep r` jt em `j Ild ro. I`v`l`zdt`aj.) I`v`l`zdt`aj.)  

mejse dthaspfere. Wfej tfus fe fdm reledsem tfese elehejts djm creem tfeh crah tfe  nl` jm fed p ac tf `jg s, fe set tf eh edi f `j `t s awj pld ie djm nau jm tfe h cds t `j fdrhajy.4 

Hdr`e-Lau`se vaj Crdjz tells us tfdt iredt`aj hytfs actej neg`j w`tf d iash`i egg djm tfdt dcter tfe egg fds neej iredtem `t `s m`v`mem djm gejerdlly `jta twa pdrts.... Crequejtly aje c`jms tfe sdhe hat`c ac d sepdrdt`aj ac d preiajsi`aus uj`t `j iajjeit`aj w`tf tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe c`rst pdrejts. @j hdjy iashagaj`i hytfs tfe c`rst pdrejts, Cdtfer Fedvej djm Hatfer Edrtf, car `jstdjie, c`rst ex`st `j d iajt`juaus ehnrdie. ]fey carh, ds `t were, d ferhdpfram`t`i ne`jg

'Av`m, Hetdharpfa 'Av`m,  Hetdharpfases, ses, 4,  4, no. 4, l`jes 5->5.

 

 nei dus ¡j iajstdjt iafdn`tdt`aj. @j tf`s stdte jatf`jgEdrtf idj iahe Cdtfer Fedvej l`es sa ilasely aj Hatfer tfdt `jta tfereex`stejie, `s ja spdie care djytf`jg ta graw netweej tfeh ” ]fe ] fe c`rst dit ac iredt`aj `s tferecare tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tf`s m`v`je iauple, pusf`jg tfeh succ`i`ejtly dpdrt sa tfdt d spdie `s iredtem car tfe rest ac iredt`aj. ]f`s idj ne iahpdrem ta tfe iutt`jg dpdrt ac tfe egg .>  (Yee c`gure 7->.)

Dj exdhple ac tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe Warlm Rdrejts `s tfe callaw`jg Egypt`dj iredt`aj hytf;

Yfu wds tfe persaj`c`idt`aj ac tfe dthaspfere djm f`s jdhe, hedj`jg “ta rd`se,‘ mer`vem crah f`s hast `hpartdjt dit `j hytfalagy, tfe sepdrdt`aj ac f`s if`lmrej, Gen, tfe edrtf, djm Jut, tfe soy, wf`if resultem `j tfe iredt`aj ac tfe warlm ds hej ojew `t. Aj tfe armers ac ^d ar, diiarm`jg ta sahe, spurrem ny `jiestuaus  ked lau sy, Yfu tfr ust f`h sel c net wee j Gen dj m Jut , tfu s nre do` jg tfe `r ila se ehnrdie. Dlterjdt`vely Yfu wds sd`m ta fdve neej armerem ny ^d ta suppart Jut wfej, ds d iaw, sfe fdm neiahe m`zzy dcter rd`s`jg ^d ta tfe fe`gfts ac fedvej. Yfu wds usudlly represejtem ds d nedrmem hdj stdjm`jg ar ojeel`jg aver Gen w`tf drhs uprd`sem ta suppart Jut. Aj f`s fedm fe ware dj astr`if cedtfer, tfe f`eraglypf ac f`s jdhe, ar caur tdll pluhes, syhnal`s`jg tfe caur

 

C@GU^E 7-> Cug`ejs.   4346.) Iutt`jg tfe Rf`lasapf`idl Egg (Hd`er,  D tdt djt d Cug`ejs.

Crdjz,  Rdtterjs ac Iredt`v`ty H`rrar em `j Iredt`aj Hytfs,  p. 452.  452.  

 

 p` lld rs ac fed vej wf` if sup par tem Jut . Yah et` hes fe wds rep res ejt em ds d l`aj, ar ds d ialuhj ac d`r.

Yfu's jdhe `s dlsa sd`m ta hedj “ta ne ehpty‘ djm fe wds tredtem `j sahe texts ds ehpt`jess me`c`em. @j atfers fe wds diiarmem rdtfer hare `hpartdjie; ds gam ac d`r, Yfu wds seej `j tfe ldter texts ds persaj`cy`jg tfe m`v`je `jtel l`gejie. Fe tferecare neidhe tfe `hhem`dte dgejt ac Dtuh‑s iredt`aj, djm fejie dj ehnam`hejt ac Dluh's suprehe pawer. Yfu wds tfus tfe gam wfa set iredt`aj `j hat`aj, carh`jg tfe warlm ny sepdrdt`jg edrtf djm soy.9 (Yee c`gure 7-9).

Dlifeh`idl texts spedo ac d sepdrdt`aj ac edrtf djm soy tdo`jg pldie `j tfe retart. Car `jstdjie, ^`pley sdys tfe callaw`jg; Yepdrdt`aj tfus hust tfau act t`hes hdoe. ]fy hdtter m`v`m`jg `jta pdrts twa? Ya tfdt tfe Y`hple crah tfe grass tfau tdoe ]`ll edrtf rehd`j nejedtf `j ialar nlue. ]fdt edrtf `s c`x car ta dn`me dll wae;

C@GU^E 7 9 ]fe Yepdrdt`aj ac Fedvej djm Edrtf; Jut L`ctem Dnave Gen ny Yfu (Mrdw`jg dcter dj `llustrdt`aj `j D. Kerih`ds.  Mds D l`e ]estdhejt `h Uifte mes Dl`ej Ar` ejts.  ejts.  Le`pz`g. 402=. ]ur`j, Egypt`dj Huseuh. ^epr`jtem `j Jeuhdjj. ]fe Ar`g`js djm F`stary ac Iajsi`ausjess.)  Iajsi`ausjess.)  

'@ajs. Egypt`dj Hytfalagy,  p. =3.  

 

@ ]fe atfer pdrt `s Yp`r`tudl djm clee`jg, Nut tfau hust turj tfeh dll `jta aje tf`jg .=  Dgd`j, `j tfe  Eherdlm ]dnlet   we redm, “Yepdrdte tfe edrtf crah tfe c`re, tfe suntle crah tfe mejse, gejtly w`tf gredt `jgeju`ty ‘* Rsyifa lag`idlly, tfe  sepdrdt`a   ny m`v`s`aj `jta twa `s dwdrejess ac tfe appas`tes.  appas`tes.  ]f`s `s d result ac  sepdrdt`a

irui`dl cedture ac eherg`jg iajsi`ausjess. @j tfe evalut`aj ac Westerj iajsi`ausjess, tfe appas`tes ( ejdjt`d) were m`siaverem ny tfe pre-Yairdt`i pf`lasapfers. ]fe Rytfdgaredjs estdnl`sfem d tdnle ac tej pd`rs ac appas`tes; 3   4.  l`h`t (perds) 

  (per`ttaj)) >. amm (per`ttaj 9.   aje (fej) (fej)   (mex`aj)   =.   r`gft (mex`aj) 5.   hdle ( drrej) (erehauj)   3.   rest`jg (erehauj) 7.   strd`gft (eutfu) (eutfu)   (pfas)   6.   l`gft (pfas) 0.   gaam ( dgdtfaj) (tetrdgajaj)   42.  squdre (tetrdgajaj)

; ujl`h`tem ( dpe`raj ) ; evej (drt`aj) ; hdjy (pletfas)

; lect (dr`steraj) ; cehdle (tfelu)  ; hav`jg (o`jauhejaj) ; iurvem, iraaoem (odhpulaj)   ; mdrojess (soatas)  ;  ndm (odoaj) ; anlajg (feteraheoes)

]fe psyifalag`idl s`gj`c`idjie ac tfe m`siavery ac tfe appas`tes idj fdrmly ne averest`hdtem. L`oe juhners, tfe jewly m`siaverem appas`tes idrr`em dj durd ac juh`jas`ty car tfe dji`ejts. ]fe warlm fdm neej rejt dsujmer, djm netweej tfe sepdrdtem appas`tes spdie fdm neej iredtem, raah car tfe iajsi`aus fuhdj ega ta l`ve djm ta graw. ]fe elehejtdl  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   tfdt usfers `j iajsi`aus ex`stejie `s tfe sepdrdt`aj ac sunkeit crah ankeit, tfe @ crah tfe jat-@. ]f`s `s tfe c`rst pd`r ac appas`tes. Yfu idj sepdrdte Gen crah Jut ajly dcter dif`ev`jg d pr`ar sepdrdt`aj ac f`hselc crah tfeh. Yfu tfus s`gj`c`es tfe pr`harm`dl ega, tfe spl`tter ac appas`tes, wfa iredtes spdie car tfe ex`stejie ac iajsi`ausjess. ]a tfe extejt tfdt tfe appas`tes rehd`j ujiajsi`aus djm ujsepdrdtem, aje l`ves `j d stdte ac  pdrt`i`pdt`aj  pdrt`i`pdt`a j hyst`que, hyst`que,   wf`if hedjs tfdt aje `mejt`c`es w`tf aje s`me ac d pd`r ac appas`tes djm prakeits `ts iajtrdry ds dj ejehy. Ypdie car iajsi`ausjess ta ex`st dppedrs netweej tfe appas`tes, wf`if hedjs tfdt aje neiahes iajsi`aus ds aje `s dnle ta iajtd`j djm ejmure tfe appas`tes w`tf`j.  sepdrdt`a,   ac wf`if tfe hast D hdkar dspiit ac psyifatferdpy `s tfe praiess ac  sepdrdt`a, `hpartdjt iahpajejt `s tfe sepdrdt`aj ac sunkeit djm ankeit. ]fe `hhdture ega `s jatar`aus car `ts stdte ac  pdrt`i`pdt`  pdrt`i`pdt`aj aj hyst`qu hyst`quee 

▢D`fhale.. im . ]fidtruh Ifeh`iuh Nr`tdjj`iuh. p. ▢D`fhale Nr`tdjj`iuh.  p. 4=2.  4=2.   *It. ]fe Uvrt ac tfe Dlifehy.`tledl Rf`lasapfers,  p . 969. ‑▢Dr`sta`li.  Hetdpfys`is,  Hetdpfys`is, 063d  063d >>, `j ]fe Nds`i

 

w`tf natf tfe `jjer djm tfe auter warlms. Yuif dj ega hust ga tfraugf d  pra laj gem pra ies s ac m`c cer ejt `dt `aj net wee j sun kei t djm ank eit . Ds tf `s  pra iee ms, m`s `m ejt` c`i dt` aj w`t f atfe r pd` rs ac app as` tes dls a a iiu rs.

]fe dlifeh`st sdys, “Yepdrdte tfe edrtf crah tfe c`re, tfe suntle crah tfe mejse.‘ Rsyifalag`idlly tf`s idj ne dppl`em ta tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe iajirete, l`terdl dspeits ac dj exper`ejie crah `ts dttdifem l`n`ma djm `jjer syhnal`i hedj`jg ” ttfdt fdt `s, d sepdrdt`aj ac tfe sunkeit`ve djm ankeit`ve iahpajejts. D iahhaj pranleh `j psyifatferdpy `s iajcl`it djm dhn`vdlejie iajierj`jg d prdit`idl mei`s`aj. Yfaulm @ tdoe tf`s kan1 Yfaulm @ hdoe tf`s have1 Yfaulm @ hdrry ar m`varie1 ]fe nds`s ac suif iajcl`its `s actej d ldio ac m`st`jit`aj netweej tfe iajirete djm tfe syhnal`i hedj`jgs ac tfe prapasem dit`aj. @t hdy ne, car `jstdjie, tfdt d persaj ansessem w`tf tfe `med ac m`varie nut ujdnle ta dit `s ne`jg requ`rem ta nr`jg dnaut d  psy if `i sep dr drdt` dt` aj cra h f`s ar fer sp aus e, d syhn al` i m`v ari e, rdt fer tf dj d l`terdl aje. Dt djy rdte, tfe iajirete djm tfe syhnal`i dre twa m`ccerejt levels ac redl`ty tfdt jeem ta ne m`st`jgu`sfem djm iajs`merem sepdrdtely. Wfej tf`s `s maje, tfe ankeit`ve mei`s`aj `s actej eds`ly redifem. Iredt`aj ny  sepdrd  sepdrdt`a t`a  `s dlsa mesir`nem ds m`v`s`aj `jta caur. Rdrdielsus

sdys; “@j tfe iredt`aj ac tfe warlm, tfe c`rst sepdrdt`aj negdj w`tf tfe caur elehejts, wfej tfe c`rst hdtter ac tfe warlm wds aje ifdas. Crah tfdt ifdas Gam nu`lt tfe Gredter Warlm, sepdrdtem `jta caur m`st`jit elehejts, C`re, D`r, Wdter, Edrtf.‘ 7   Dgd`j, `j tfe Galmej ]redt`se ac Ferhes  we redm; “Ujmerstdjm ye tfej, A sajs ac w`smah, tfdt tfe ojawlemge ac tfe caur elehejts ac tfe dji`ejt pf`lasapfers wds jat iarpardlly ar `hprumejtly saugft dcter, wf`if dre tfraugf pdt`ejie ta ne m`siaverem dii arm`jg ta tfe`r iduses djm tfe`r aiiult aperdt`aj QQQQQQQ Ojaw, tfej, tfdt tfe m`v`s`aj tfdt wds hdme upaj tfe Wdter, ny tfe dji`ejt

 pf `la sap fer s, sep drd tes `t `jt a cau r sun std jies. ji es. “ 4 ]fese pdssdges fdro ndio ta Rldta‑s diiaujt `j tfe ]`hdeus, `j wf`if fe spedos ac ifdas `j tfe praiess ac iredt`aj  ne` jg cul l ac paw er s wf` if wer e je` tf er s`h `ld r jar equ dll y ndl dj iem , wds jever `j djy pdrt `j d stdte ac equ`pa`se, nut swdy`jg ujevejly f`tfer djm tf`tfer, wds sfdoej ny tfeh, djm ny `ts hat`aj dgd`j sfaao tfeh, djm tfe elehejts wfej havem were sepdrdtem djm idrr`em iajt`judlly, sahe aje wdy, sahe djatfer. Ds, wfej grd`j `s sfdoej djm w`jjawem ny cdjs djm atfer `jstruhejts usem `j tfe tfresf`jg ac iarj, tf e elase djm fedvy pdrt`ile¿ dre  nar je dwd y djm set tle `j aje m` rei t` aj, djm tf e laa se djm l`g ft pdr t` ile s `j djatfer. @j tf`s hdjjer, tfe caur o`jms ar elehejts were tfej sfdoej ny tfe reie`v`jg vessel .0 

‑Wd`te, trdh.. 432.

Ferhet`i djm Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs,  p.

 

•]fe Galmej ]redt`se ac Ferhes 

`j

Dtwaam.

 

D hare iahplex diiaujt ac iredt`aj ny  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   `s caujm `j Rf`la, ds suhhdr`zem ny Gaamejaugf; Gam prakeits tfe Lagas wf`if `s tfe pr`ji`ple ac uj`ty djm wf`if dt tfe sdhe t`he `s g`vej tfe peiul`dr jdhe tfe “Iutter.‘ ]fe Lagas -Iutter carh* c`rst tfe `jtell`g`nle warlm (warlm ac drifetypdl carhs) djm tfej tfe hdter`dl warlm dcter tfe hdjjer djm hamel ac tfe `jtell`g`nle warlm. Irume hdtter, wf`if `s dgd`j d mdtuh ac iredt`aj, wds c`rst n`seitem ny tfe Lagas-Iutter `jta l`gft djm fedvy, tfej tfese twa were edif n`seitem ta pramuie caur, wf`if neidhe tfe caur elehejts. Edif ac tfese wds dgd`j m`v`mem, ds edrtf `jta hd`jldjm djm `sldjms, wdter `jta cresf djm sdlt. ]fe praiess ac m`v`s`aj oept aj ujt`l `t fdm pramuiem dj`hdte djm `jdj`hdte ankeits, w`lm djm iult`vdtem cru`ts, w`lm djm tdhe dj`hdls, hdle djm cehdle, djm tfe rest. @j every idse tfe m`v`s`aj wds jat ajly d sepdrdt`aj nut d reuj`aj, car tfe Lagas wds tfe Glue ds well ds tfe Iutter? tfdt `s, `t wds tfe pr`ji`ple ac iafes`aj wf`if hdoes tfe uj`verse d uj`t `j sp`te ac `ts hdj`calm m`v`s`ajs. 42   ]f`s pdssdge `s rehdrodnle car `ts laydlty ta tfe appas`tes `j `ts mesir`pt`aj ac tfe iashagaj`i pr`ji`ple. Wfdt `s fere idllem Lagas `s ditudlly Lagas-Eras, s`jie `t `s jat ajly d iutt`jg emge nut dlsa d glue. ]f`s wdy ac tf`jo`jg `s dnsalutely dlifeh`idl djm iarrespajms ta sahe ac tfe pdrdmax`idl mesir`pt`ajs ac Heriur`us. 44   ]fe hat`c ac m`v`s`aj `jta tfe caur elehejts iarrespajms psyifalag`idlly ta tfe dppl`idt`aj ac dll caur cujit`ajs ta d g`vej exper`ejie. Yejsdt`aj tells us wfdt tfe cdits dre. ]f`jo`jg meterh`jes `j wfdt gejerdl iajiepts tfe cdits idj  ne pld iem . Cee l`j g tel ls us wfe tfer ar jat we l`o e tfe cd its . @jt u`t `aj sugg est s wfere tfe cdits hdy fdve iahe crah, wfdt tfey hdy ledm ta, djm wfdt iajjeit`ajs tfey hdy fdve w`tf atfer cdits. @t presejts pass`n`l`t`es, jat iertd`jt`es. @t `s `hpartdjt tfdt tfe caur cujit`ajs ne sepdrdtem. Car exdhple, aje's ceel`jg redit`aj ta d cdit sfaulm jat f`jmer aje‑s dn`l`ty ta see `ts ex`stejie? ar, d  pas s`n `l` ty sfa ulm jat ne iaj cus em w`t f d ier td` jty . Dlt fau gf tf e cau r ele hej ts idjjat ne equdtem prei`sely w`tf tfe caur cujit`ajs, tfere `s dj dpprax`hdte  pdr dll el. ]fe re `s d s`h `ld r dpp rax` hdt `aj w`t f tfe cau r su` ts ac tf e ]dr ]drat; at; Ywarms, Iups, Ia`js, djm Ytdves (see c`gure 7-=). Edif ac tfese caurcalm  pdt ter js `s d pd rt` iul dr ehn am` hej t ac tfe Tud teh ` ty dr drife ife type , wf` if struitures ujm`ccerejt`dtem hdtter. Ypei`c`idlly, tfe caur elehejts s`gj`cy tfe caur m`ccerejt megrees ac hdter`dl dggregdt`aj, rdjg`jg crah m`sehnam`em ejergy (c`re) ta cull sal`m`ty (edrtf). Rresuhdnly, tfere dre djdlagaus megrees ac dggregdt`aj ac tfe psyif`i sunstdjie tfdt rehd`j ta ne elui`mdtem. Every jewly ejiaujterem dred ac tfe ujiajsi`aus requ`res d iashagaj`i dit  sepdrdt`a. t`a. Edif jew `jirehejt ac  pr`hd hdter`d hdter`d idlls cartf ac  sepdrd

««Gaamejaugf.  Dj @jtramuit`aj @jtramuit`aj ta Rf`la Kumdeus, pp. |27c. "Kujg  Dlifeh`idl Ytum`es, IW  49, pdr. >37.  

 

 

lfi

C@GU^E 7 - =   Dies ac tfe Caur ]drat Yu`t¿; Ywarms. Ytdves. Ia`js, djm Iups (Hdrse`lles ]drat.)

 

d sfdrp- emgem dit`aj ny Rf`la‑s “Lagas - Iutter.‘  ]fe iredt`aj ac iajsi`ausjess requ`res tfdt jew iajtejts ne idrvem aut ac tfe ujiajsi`aus. ]fe mredh ac d h`mmle-dgem hdj ac hult`ple tdlejts djm dhn`t`ajs wfa wds tah  net weej m` cce rej t p rac ess `aj s d jm m`c cer ejt l` ce -ga dls `l lus tr dte s t f`s `ss ue;  R`eies ac ac d hdp we were re ta ne iut aut d djm jm dsseh dssehnlem. nlem. D sfdrp nldme nldme wds jeemem. @j tfe mredh @ iaulm jat get tfe nldme sfdrp ejaugf. ]fe mredher jeemem d netter iajtdit w`tf tfe Lagas-Iutter tfdj fe fdm ds yet dif`evem. Ywarms, oj`ves, djm sfdrp iutt`jg emges ac dll o`jms nelajg ta tfe syhnal`sh ac  sepdrdt`a.  sepdrdt`a.   @t `s surely s`gj`c`idjt tfdt aje ac tfe c`rst taals ac dnar`g`jdl fuhdj ne`jgs wds d iutt`jg emge. Lagas `s tfe gredt dgejt ac  sepdrdt`a   tfdt nr`jgs iajsi`ausjess djm pawer aver jdture ”   sepdrdt`a  nat f w`t f`j djm w`tfaut  ”  ”  ny `t s idp di` ty ta m` v`m e, jdh e, djm idt ega r` ze. Aje ac `t s hdk ar syhnals `s tfe iutt`jg emge tfdt idj m`sseit djm m`ccerejt`dte aj tfe aje fdjm djm idj o`ll aj tfe atfer. Ny sepdrdt`jg tfe appas`tes, tfe Lagas nr`jgs ildr`ty? nut, ny hdo`jg tfe appas`tes v`s`nle, `t dlsa nr`jgs iajcl`it. Dj exdhple ac tf`s pdrdmax`idl syhnal`sh `s tfe ildss`i  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   text `j tfe

Gaspels; “@ fdve jat iahe ta nr`jg pedie, nut d swarm. Car 4 fdve iahe ta set d hdj dgd`jst f`s cdtfer, djm d mdugfter dgd`jst fer hatfer, djm d mdugfter-`j-ldw dgd`jst fer hatfer- `j-ldw? djm d hdj's caes w`ll ne tfase ac f`s awj fausefalm‘ (Hdtt. 42;9= -93, ^YS). (Yee c`gure 7-5.) Dj evej sterjer vers`aj ac tfe sdhe `med `s caujm `j tfe Gjast`i Gaspel ac ]fahds;   “Kesus sd`m, ‚Hej tf`jo, perfdps, t fdt `t `s pedie wf`if @ fdve iahe ]fahds; ta idst upaj tfe warlm. ]fey ma jat ojaw tfdt `t `s m`ssejs`aj wf`if @ fdve iahe ta idst upaj tfe edrtf? c`re, swarm, djm wdr. Car tfere w`ll ne c`ve `j d fause; tfree w`ll ne dgd`jst twa, djm twa dgd`jst tfree, tfe cdtfer dgd`jst tfe saj, djm tfe saj dgd`jst tfe cdtfer. Djm tfey w`ll stdjm sal`tdry .‐"4>  Ifr`st, tfe Yelc ds Lagas-Iutter, iahes ta m`sseit ar m`shehner tfe  pdrt`i`pdt`aj  pdrt`i`pdt`a j hyst`que hyst`que   ac tfe cdh`ly psyife (“d hdj‑s caes w`ll ne tfase ac f`s awj fausefalm‘). ]fe Gja st`i vers`aj stdtes expl`i`tly tfdt tfe gadl `s ta hdoe tfe `jm`v`mudl (“tfey w`ll stdjm sal`tdry‘).   Yepdrdt`a   hdy ne expressem ny `hdges ac medtf ar o`ll`jg. Medtf mredhs Yepdrdt`a djm medtf w`sfes m`reitem dgd`jst d pdrt`iuldr persaj actej `jm`idte tfe jeem car sepdrdt`aj crah d reldt`ajsf`p ac ujiajsi`aus `mejt`c`idt`aj tfdt fds  nei ahe suc cai dt` jg. D  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   praiess hdy ne ferdlmem ny `jireds`jg iajcl`it djm djtdgaj`sh `j d prev`ausly dh`idnle dh`idnle "]fr Jdt @tdhhdml L`nrdry,  p. 4 >2.  

 

 

. .

C@GU^E 7 - 5   ²c tfe Dpaidlypse (Mürer. ^epr`jtem `j ]fe Iahplete Waamiut% «/ Dlnre ift  Müre r.)  

r  fr`sl

 

reldt`ajsf`p. @c

tfe  pdr t` i`p djt s ldi o dj

uj mer std jm` jg ac wfd t tf ey dr e

exper`eji`jg tfe praiess hdy neiahe mdjgeraus ar evej v`alejt. ]f`s w`ll  ne espei`dlly l`oely `c d reldt`ajsf`p ac ujiajsi`aus `mejt`c`idt`aj `s stdjm`jg `j tfe wdy ac tfe dit`vdtem urge ta `jm`v`mudt`aj. D hdj `j suif d s`tudt`aj fdm tf`s mredh;  @t `s j`gft. ]fere `s tfe ceel`jg tfdt mdwj `s dppradif`jg. dppradif`jg. ]wa sfepferm sfepfermss mressem `j sfeepso`j, falm`jg stdccs djm `mejt`idl `j laaos dre aj d haujtd`j  pdtf. ]fere `s dj `jtejse laao `j natf tfe`r eyes tfdt sdys tfey ojaw tfey hust  ga tfe`r sepdrdte sepdrdte wd wdys. ys. Aje fds tfe laao ac tfe mes`re car vejgedjie djm tfe atfer fds d ceel`jg ac  sdmjess. ]fey ehnrdie djm o`ss edif atfer aj tfe ifeeo w`tf d o`ss ac pedie djm tfe aje wfa fdm tfe ceel`jg ac sdmjess neg`js f`s il`hn up tfe haujtd`j. ]fe atfer sfepferm pduses djm laaos dt f`h ds tfaugf ta sdy, "@ iaulm fdve o`llem yau] djm tfej turjs djm gaes mawj tfe haujtd`j djm mdwj fds drr`vem. ]f`s mredh p`itures tfe purely drifetypdl dspeit ac tfe  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a pr  pr aie ss tfdt wds dit`vdtem netweej tfe mredher djm f`s cr`ejm. Meva`m ac persajdl cedtures, `t `s ds tfaugf tfe mredh were spedo`jg spedo`jg ta tfe ega dnaut tfe lass ac `ts cr`ejm `j tfe sdhe cdsf`aj ds Kafj H`ltaj wrate f`s paeh  Lyi`mds  Lyi`mds ta  ta haurj tfe mrawj`jg ac Emwdrm O`jg, ar ds Yfelley wrate f`s  Dmajd`s  Dmajd`s   dt tfe medtf ac Kafj Oedts. ]fe drifetypdl pdtterj nef`jm tfe persajdl evejt `s revedlem, wf`if sets `t `j d ldrger iajtext, nr`jgs iahcart ta tfe neredvem, djm `lluh`jdtes tfe trdgemy w`tf hedj`jg. Yuif mredhs dre dpt ta iahe wfej tfe s`tudt`aj `s pdrt`iuldrly mdjgeraus. @t seehs tfdt, ds w`tf dll `jst`jits, drifetypdl w`smah `s idllem cartf `j t`hes ac gredtest jeem. Er`s, tfe Gammess ac M`siarm djm s`ster ac Dres, pres`mes aver  sepd- rdt`a. @t rdt`a. @t wds sfe wfa idhe uj`jv`tem ta d hdrr`dge aj Alyhpus djm clujg `jta tfe h`mst ac tfe gdtfer`jg dj dpple `jsir`nem “ta tfe cd`rest.** ]fus sfe nrau gft dnaut tfe kumgehejt ac Rdr`s. Iahpdr`sajs dre am`aus djm iahpdr`saj `s

wfdt tfe galmej dpple pravaoem. ]a meterh`je wfdt `s “hare** djm wfdt `s “hast** requ`res djm ledms ta kumgehejts. Yuif dit`ajs m`sturn tfe  pdrt`i`pdt`aj hyst`que  pdrt`i`pdt`aj hyst`que   ac tfe stdtus qua djm gejerdte iajcl`it, nut tfey hdy ledm ta gredter iajsi`ausjess. ]fus Ferdil`tus sdys, -Wdr (netweej tfe appas`tes) `s tfe cdtfer ac dll djm tfe o`jg ac dll, djm sahe fe sfaws ds gams, atfers ds hej? sahe fe hdoes sldves, atfers crii.** ,K  (Yee c`gure 7-3.)

▢O`ro djm ^dvej. ]fe RreYairdt`i Rf`lasapfers, Rf`lasapfers,  p. 405 .  

 

 

C@GU^E 7-3 Kaust Netweej Yal djm Lujd ( Durard ( Durard Iajsurgej Iajsurgejs. s. 4=tf  4=tf iejtury. [ur`if. [ejtrdln`nl`atfeo. Iam. rfejavdiejs`s 47>, cal. 42. ^epr`jtem `j Merald, ]fe Yeiret Drt ac  Dlifehy.))   Dlifehy.

Er`s‑ galmej dpple nraugft iahpdr`saj, kumgehejt, ifa`ie, djm wdr. ]fe nurmej cell aj Rdr`s, tfe fuhdj v`it`h ac m`v`je nuio pdss`jg, ta hdoe d kumgehejt dhajg Ferd, Dtfejd, djm Dpfram`te. ]fe `jjaiejt sfepferm wds cdiem w`tf dj armedl ac hdjfaam requ`r`jg f`h ta ifaase f`s iejtrdl l`ce-vdlue dhajg pawer, ojawlemge, djm neduty. F`s ifa`ie wds dj dit ac  sepdrd``a  sepdrd``a   djm lem f`h aj ta tfe jext stdge ac mevelaphejt. @j dj dlifeh`idl p`iture (see c`gure 7-7), tfe kumgehejt ac Rdr`s `s diiahpdj`em ny tfe dwdoej`jg ac d sleep`jg o`jg ]f`s suggests tfdt suif dj dit ac  ku mge hej t i dj nr` jg `jt a i ajs i`a usj ess d i ajj eit `aj w`t f t fe Yel c. Yepdrd``a   hdy ne wrajgly dppl`em, `j wf`if idse `t w`ll ne mestruit`ve. @t `s Yepdrd``a `hpraper ta m`v`me dj argdj`i wfale heifdj`idlly `j tfe jdhe ac dj drn`trdry jat`aj ac equdl`ty. Rdr`s tr`em ta evdme f`s respajs`n`l`ty ny suggest`jg tfdt tfe dpple ne m`v`mem `jta tfree equdl pdrts, nut tf`s wds jat dllawem. ]fere `s d s`h`ldr `med `j tfe stary ac tfe kumgehejt ac Yalahaj. ]wa wahej idhe necare Yalahaj, edif ild`h`jg ta ne tfe hatfer ac tfe sdhe if`lm. Nr`jg he d swarm sd`m tfe o`jg? djm d swarm wds  nr aug ft `j ta tfe o`j gs pr ese jie . “Iut tfe l`v`jg if`lm `j twa,‘ tfe o`jg sd`m, djm g`ve fdlc ta aje. fdlc ta tfe atfer.‘ Dt tf`s tfe wahdj wfa wds tfe hatfer ac tfe l`v`jg if`lm dmmressem tfe o`jg, car sfe nurjem w`tf p`ty car fer saj. @c `t pledse yau. hy larm‘ sfe sd`m, “let tfeh g`ve fer tfe if`lm? ajly ma jat let tfeh tf`jo ac  

 

]fe Dwdoej`jg ac tfe Yleep`jg O`jg ds d Kumghejt ac Rdr`s (]fahds Dqu`jds |pseum.X,

“Me Dlifeh`d," 43tf iejtury. Le`mej, N`nl`atfeo mer ^`kosuj`vers`te`t. Iam. Sass`djus >0, cal. 76. ^epr`jtem `j Kujg,  Rsyifala  Rsyifalagy gy djm D Dlifehy.) lifehy.)  

o`ll`jg `t!‘ Nut tfe atfer sd`m, “Fe sfdll nelajg ta je`tfer ac us. Iut f`h up.‘   @ fej tfe o`jg gdve f`s mei`s`aj. “G`ve tfe if`lm ta tfe c`rst wahdj.‘ fe sd`m, “djm ma jat o`ll f`h. Yfe `s f`s hatfer.‘ Dll @srdel idhe ta fedr ac tfe kumgehejt tfe o`jg fdm prajaujiem, djm felm tfe o`jg `j dwe. reiagj`s`jg tfdt fe passessem m`v`je w`smah car m`spejs`jg kust`ie. (@ O`jgs 9;>= >6, KN) D l`v`jg wfale hdy jat ne idrvem up `jta equdl part`ajs `j armer ta sdt`scy appas`jg stdjmpa`jts. ]f`s `s d mdjger car aje wfa ojaws tfe tfeary ac tfe uj`aj ac appas`tes  nut jat `t s l`v `j g re dl` ty. D str `o` jg `h dge ac  sipdrd``a  sipdrd``a   gaje wrajg `s caujm `j idjta >6 ac Mdjte's  @jcerja.  @jcerja.  

 

`j  wf`if

tfe sawers ac m`siarm dre sunkeit ta eterjdl hut`ldt`aj ny sfdrp  nld mes

(see c`gure 7-6);

 Ja ids o w`t fau t dj ejm stdve st dve ar d f edm E‑e r gdpem sa w`me ds aje sfdme @  nef elm , Ilavej crah if`j ta wfere tfe w`jm `s va`mem. Netweej f`s legs f`s ejtrd`ls fujg `j ia`ls? ]fe v`tdls were expasem ta v`ew, djm taa ]fdt sarry pdujif wf`if ifdjges caam ta c`ltf. Wf`le @ staam dll dnsarnem `j wdtif`jg f`h Fe laaoem dt he djm stretifem f`s nredst dpdrt, Ydy`jg; “Nefalm, faw 4 jaw spl`t hyselc!   Nefalm, faw hut`ldtem `s Hdfahet! @j crajt ac he tfe weep`jg Dl` gaes, F`s cdie ilect tfraugf crah carelaio ta tfe if`j? Djm dll tfe atfers tfdt yau see dnaut Cahejters were ac m`siarm djm ac sif`sh;

a ..

C@GU^E 7 6 

shdt`is (Marà,  @llustrdt`ajs car Mdjte's M`v`je Ia hemy.)

 

Djm tfdt `s wfy tfey dre sa gdsfem dsujmer.

“D mehaj stdjms nef`jm fere, ujrelejt`jg,   Wfa tr`ios us iruelly? car every aje Hust tdste dgd`j tfe oeejjess ac f`s nldme Wfej fe fds tram tfe pdtf ac djgu`sf raujm? Djm dll tfe waujms dre fedlem djm well dgd`j Ere aje ac us hdy pdss ajie hare necare f`h .‘4=  ]f`s pdssdge reh`jms he ac iertd`j peaple wfa fdve jatf`jg nut tfe sfdrp nldme ac rdt`ajdl `jtelleit w`tf wf`if ta ujmerstdjm tfe`r tejmer djm sejs`t`ve saul-l`ce. ]fe`r selc-exdh`jdt`aj selc-exdh`j dt`aj `s d perpetudl tarture ac selc -m`sseit`aj. -m`sseit`aj. Hedsurehejt, juhner`jg, we`gf`jg, djm qudjt`tdt`ve iajsi`ausjess `j gejerdl nelajg ta tfe aperdt`aj ac  sepdrdt`a.  sepdrdt`a.   Ya, l`oew`se, ma dppl`em dr`tfhet`i, tfe geahetr`idl `hdgery

ac l`jes, pldjes, djm sal`ms, djm tfe surveyar‑s djm jdv`gdtar‑s praiemures ac sett`jg  nau jm dr` es,

hed sur `j g m`s tdj ies , djm

est dnl `sf `j g lai dt` ajs

w`t f` j d sys teh

ac

iaarm`jdtes. ]fus, iahpdss, ruler, squdre, sidles, sextdjt, djm pluhn l`je dll pertd`j ta  sepdrdt`a,   ds ma ilaios djm atfer hames ac tehpardl reioaj`jg. ]fe very idtegar`es ac  sepdrdt`a, spdie djm t`he, tfe caujmdt`aj ac iajsi`aus ex`stejie, dre tfe pramuits ac  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   (see c`gure 7-0). ]fe dji`ejts felm `j f`gf esteeh tfe`r jewly m`siaverem `js`gfts regdrm`jg juhners, hedsurehejt, djm reldt`ajs netweej qudjt`t`es. Rrapart`aj djm tfe hedj netweej extrehes evaoem pdrt`iuldr cdsi`jdt`aj. Diiarm`jg ta Rldta‑s diiaujt, tfe Meh`urge iredtem tfe warlm ny hedjs ac prapart`aj .45  ]fe edrly geaheters dttdifem spei`dl s`gj`c`idjiee ta dj `medl prapart`aj dif`evem ny tfe sa-idllem  galmej seit`aj.  s`gj`c`idji seit`aj.  ]f`s `s maje  ny n` sei t` jg d l`j e a c g`v ej hdg j`t um e `j sui f d wd y t fdt tfe les ser pdr t `s ta tfe gre dte r  pdr t ds tf e gre dte r pdr t `s ta tf e wfa le. ]fu s, `c d l`j e ac lej gtf i  `s n`seitem `jta d sfarter pdrt d djm d lajger pdrt

n,   tfe

prapart`aj w`ll ne d  / n 8 n / i? n  w`ll ne tfe sa-idllem sa-idllem

galmej hedj. ]f`s prapart`aj wds iajs`merem ta ne tfe hast nedut`cul aje. ]fe galmej seit`aj `s d very `jterest`jg  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   syhnal. @t expresses tfe `med tfdt tfere `s d pdrt`iuldr wdy ta sepdrdte tfe appas`tes tfdt w`ll iredte d tf`rm tf`jg (tfe  pr apa rt `aj ar hed j net wee j tf eh) ac gre dt vdl ue. ]fe vdl ue `s `jm `id tem ny tf e ter h galmej djm ny tfe presuhem neduty ac tfe prapart`aj. ]fe sdhe `hdge ac tfe hedj wds

usem ny Dr`statle `j dj etf`idl iajtext ta mec`je tfe jdture ac v`rtue. Fe wr`tes; “Hardl v`rtue `s d hedj. @t `s d hedj netweej twa v`ies, tfe aje `jvalv`jg ixiiss, tfe atfer mec`i`ejiy. @t `s suif neiduse `ts ifdrditer `s ta d`h dt wfdt `s `jterhem`dte `j pdss`ajs djm `j dit`ajs QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Fejie dlsa `t `s ja ¿‚Mdjte. ]fe M`v`je Iahemy,  Iahemy,   trdh. Ldwrejie Grdjt Wf`te, p. " f hd hd r u t .  94n 9>i. `j ]fe Iallet lem M`dlagues,  M`dlagues,   p. 4439.  4439.  

=0.

 

 

C@GU^E 7 0 ]fe Dlifeh`st ds Geaheter (Hd`er,  D ` uldj` d  Cug`ejs. 4346.)  Cug`ejs.  4346.)

edsy tdso ta ne gaam. Car `j everytf`jg `t `s ja edsy tdso ta c`jm tfe h`mmle, e.g., ta c`jm tfe h`mmle ac d i`rile `s jat car everyaje nut car f`h wfa ojaws .‘43  ]fe `hdge ac tfe galmej hedj idj ne ujmerstaam psyifalag`idlly ds d

syhnal`i express`aj ac tfe ega‑s reldt`aj ta tfe Yelc. ]f`s diiaujts car tfe juh`jas`ty ac tfe `med ac tfe galmej seit`aj ta tfe dji`ejts. ]f`s slejmer geahetr`i pdrdnle iajtd`js tfe sdhe hystery ds tfe maghd ac tfe Ifr`st`dj ]r`j`ty.  Jat ajl y `s v`r tu e dss ai` dte m w`t f d hed j ar ndl dji e net weej tfe app as` tes ,  nut dls a ldw (kus) (kus)   djm kust`ie. ]fe ndldjie `j tfe fdjm ac tfe trdm`t`ajdl  per saj `c` idt `aj ac Kus t` ie `jm `id tes tf dt kus t` ie `s d ndl dji e net wee j tfe appas`tes (see c`gure 7-42). Jdture `s kust, nut tfe iah`jg ac iajsi`ausjess spl`ts tfe appas`tes dpdrt djm `s d ir`he, diiarm`jg ta tfe hytfs. Djdx`hdjmer sdys,

“]f`jgs per`sf `jta tfase tf`jgs aut ac wf`if tfey fdve tfe`r n`rtf, diiarm`j g ta tfdt wf`if `s armd`jem? car tfey g`ve repdrdt`aj ta aje djatfer djm pdy tfe  pej dlt y a c t fe` r ` jk ust `ie dii arm -

“Dr`statle, J`iajwifedj Etf`is,  `j ]fe Nds`i Waros ac Dr`statle.  p. 0 39.

 

YER D FD ]@A

C@GU^E 7 42 Kust`ie (Hdrse`lles ]drat.)

`jg la tfe m`spas`t`aj ac t`he .'*47  Iarjcarm `jterprets tf`s ta hedj tfdt “`jkust`ie wds iahh`ttem ny tfe very cdit ac tfe`r n`rtf `jta sepdrdte ex`stejie. ]fe hdj`calm

warlm, `j Djdx`hdjmer‑s v`ew, idj dr`se ajly ny rannery djm h`sdpprapr`dt`aj .‘46  @j atfer warms, tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe appas`tes `s tfe ar`g`jdl ir`he, djm kust`ie idj ne servem ajly ny tfe`r reiaji`l`dt`aj. ]f`s `s dif`evem ny medtf ar perfdps, dlterjdt`vely, dlterjdt`ve ly, n y `jm`v`mudt`aj.

I `tem `j Iarjcarm.  Crah ^el` g`aj ta Rf`l asap fy,  p. 6.   •@n`m . p. 42  

 

Kust ds tfe estdnl`sfhejt ac l`h`t, hedsure, djm l`je nr`jgs armer aut ac ifdas, sa d lass ac naujmdr`es idj reverse tfe praiess. Ehersaj mesir`nes suif d s`tudt`aj

`j tfe callaw`jg l`jes crah f`s paeh “Ur`el.‘ Ur`el dmmressem tfe gams djm   Gdve f`s sejt`hejt m`v`je Dgd`jst tfe ne`jg ac d l`je.

“L`je `j jdture `s jat caujm?   Uj`t djm uj`verse dre raujm? @j vd`j pramuiem, dll rdys returj?

Ev`l w`ll nless, djm `ie w`ll nurj.‘   Ds Ur`el spaoe w`tf p`eri`jg eye, D sfummer rdj draujm tfe soy? ]fe sterj alm wdr-gams sfaao tfe`r fedms, ]fe serdpfs crawjem crah hyrtle-nems? Yeehem ta tfe faly cest`vdl ]fe rdsf warm  nam em `ll ta dll ? ]fe ndldjie-nedh ac Cdte wds nejt? ]fe naujms ac gaam djm `ll were rejt? Ytrajg Fdmes iaulm jat oeep f`s awj. Nut dll sl`m ta iajcus`aj .40 

^anert Crast‑s paeh “Hejm`jg Wdll‘ tdoes up tfe sdhe tfehe” tfdt t fdt `s, tfe iajcl`it netweej tfe dutfar's sejt`hejt, “Yahetf`jg tfere `s tfdt maesj‑t lave d wdll,‘ djm f`s je`gfnar‑s `med tfdt “Gaam cejies hdoe gaam je`gfnars .">2  ]aa huif iajierj w`tf  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   iajstelldtes `ts appas`te, iaj`ujit`a, iaj`ujit`a,   djm Heriur`us reverses f`hselc crah Lagas-Iutter ta Eras-Glue. Djatfer dspeit ac  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   `s iajveyem ny tfe terh "extrdit`a." Extrdit`aj `s d

 pdr t`iul t` iul dr ids e ac sep drd t`aj. t` aj. ^ul ^uldj djmm sdys, sdy s, “Ex trd it it`aj `aj `s tfe sep drd t` aj ac tfe essejt`dl pdrt crah `ts namy .‘>4  D grdpf`i mesir`pt`aj ac extrdit`a extrdit`a   `s presejtem `j

tf`s rei`pe; “Ga ta tfe wdters ac tfe J`le djm tfere yau w`ll c`jm d staje tfdt fds d sp`r`t (pjeuhd). (pjeuhd).   ]doe tf`s, m`v`me `t, tfrust `j yaur fdjm djm mrdw aut `ts fedrt? car `ts saul ( psyife ( psyife)) `s `j `ts fedrt .‘>>  ]fe `hdge ac extrdit`aj crah d staje `s caujm dlsa `j ^`pley; Djm ac tf`s sepdrdt`aj @ c`jm d l`oe c`gure ]fus spaoej  ny tf e p rap fet `j tfe Rsd lha my. Gam nraugft aut ac d staje d claam ac wdter pure. Djm aut ac tfe fdrmest staje a`l dnujmdjtly;

 Yeleitem  Yeleite mW Wr`t` r`t`jgs jgs a acc ^d ^dlpf lpf “Crast, “Hejm`jg Wdll," `j Iahplete Raehs ac ^uldjm, D  D Lex`i Lex`iaj aj ac Dlif Dlifehy, ehy, p. 490.  I`tem ny Kujg. Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy. IW •‑Ehersaj, “Ur`el.‘ `j

>l H

 

^`gft sa ac aur prei`aus staje `c tfau ne w`tty. A`l `jiahnust`nle djm wdter tfau sfdlt mrdw ,>5 

]f`s text prandnly recers ta Rsdlhs 6;45(^YS); “Fe ilect raios `j tfe w`lmerjess, djm gdve tfeh mr`jo dnujmdjtly ds crah tfe meep. Fe hdme stredhs iahe aut ac tfe raio, djm idusem wdters ta claw mawj l`oe r`vers" (see c`gure 7-44). ]fe atfer recerejie hdy ne ta Kan >0;5- 7 (^YS); “Wfej tfe Dlh`gfty wds yet w`tf he...wfej hy steps were wdsfem w`tf h`lo djm tfe raio paurem aut car he stredhs ac a`l.‘   ]fese texts tfdt spedo ac tfe extrdit`aj ac sp`r`t, wdter, djm a`l crah d staje dre express`jg pdrdmax`idl, h`rdiulaus evejts djm tfus recer ta tfe Yelc. ]fe h`rdiulaus dgejt `s tfe Rf`lasapfers* Ytaje, wf`if `s `mejt`c`em w`tf Pdfwef ny tfe n`nl`idl dssai`dt`ajs. Wfej tfe stajy cdits ac tfe warlm y`elm l`v`jg hedj`jg (ds `j evejts ac syjifraj`i`ty), aje gl`hpses tfe gadl ac tfe apus. apus.   @j armer car tf`s ta fdppej, sp`r`t, hedj`jg, djm l`n`ma hust ne extrditem crah hdtter   ”  ” tfdt t fdt `s, crah tfe iajirete ankeits ac aur yedrj`jg. ]fe sepdrdt`aj ac sp`r`t djm hdtter `s dj `hpartdjt cedture ac hdjy rel`g`ajs djm  pf `la sap f`e s. Car `j std jie , t fe tf` rte ejt f i fdp te r a c t fe

Ndyer`sifi Ytddtsn`nl`atfio, Ilh. 6>24, cal. 63v. ^epr`jtem `j Evdjs, Hem`evdl  Evdjs,  Hem`evdl    Mrdw`jgs.)  Mrdw`jgs .)

:'D¿fhao.

im . ]fedtruh

Ifihliuh Ur`tdjj`iuh,  p. 490 

 

 Nfdgdvdm-G`td  Nfdgdvdm-G `td   `s ejt`tlem “]fe Naao ac ^el`g`aj ny Yepdrdt`aj Hdtter djm

Yp`r`t‘ djm iajilumes w`tf tfese verses;   ]fdt Ult`hdte, F`gf Yp`r`t, Ujiredte, Ujqudl`c`em, evej wfej `t ejteretf clesf ]doetf ja std`j ac dits, waroetf `j jdugft!

L`oe ta tf‑ etfer`dl d`r, pervdm`jg dll,   Wf`if, car sfeer suntlety, dva`metf td`jt, ]fe suntle Yaul s`ts everywfere, ujstd`jem; L`oe ta tfe l`gft ac tfe dll-p`eri`jg suj (Wf`if `s jat ifdjgem ny dugft `t sf`jes upaj)

]fe Yaul‑s l`gft sf`jetf pure `j every pldie?   Djm tfey wfa, ny suif eye ac w`smah, see Faw Hdtter, djm wfdt medls w`tf `t, m`v`me? Djm faw tfe Yp`r`t djm tfe clesf fdve str`ce, ]fase w`se ajes ga tfe wdy wf`if ledms ta L`ce !>=  @j tfe texts prev`ausly i`tem,  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   fds neej mesir`nem ds tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe c`xem edrtf crah tfe clee`jg sp`r`t, tfe suntle crah tfe mejse, djm tfe sp`r`t crah tfe staje tfdt wds `hpr`saj`jg `t. Djatfer express`aj car `t `s tfe se pdrdt`aj

ac tfe saul crah tfe namy. Car exdhple, Oelly spedos ac “wfej tfe saul ac galm fds neej sepdrdtem crah `ts namy, ar wfej tfe namy, `j atfer warms, fds neej m`ssalvem .">5 ]fe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe saul crah tfe namy `s syjajyhaus w`tf medtf .>3  Car `jst djie, Rldta sdys, “We nel`eve, ma we jat, tfdt medtf `s tfe sepdrdt`aj ac tfe saul crah tfe namy, djm tfdt tfe stdte ac ne`jg medm `s tfe stdte `j wf`if tfe  nam y ` s s epd rdt em cr ah tf e s aul djm ex` sts dla je ny `t sel c d jm tfe sau l ` s s epd rdt em crah tfe namy djm ex`sts dlaje ny `tselc ..‘ ‘>7  Ds `jm`idtem `j tfe ldst ifdpter,  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   `s ilasely iajjeitem ta tfe syhnal`sh ac hart`c`idt`a. hart`c`idt`a.   wf`if hedjs tfdt sepdrdt`a tfdt  sepdrdt`a   hdy ne exper`ejiem ds medtf. ]fe extrdit`aj ac tfe sp`r`t crah tfe staje ar tfe saul crah tfe namy iarrespajms ta tfe extrdit`aj ac hedj`jg ar psyif`i vdlue crah d pdrt`iuldr, iajirete ankeit ar s`tudt`aj. ]fe namy ” tfdt t fdt `s, tfe iajirete hdj`cestdt`aj ac tfe psyif`i iajtejt ”  tfej m`es. ]f`s iarrespajms ta tfe w`tfmrdwdl ac d prakeit`aj, wf`if, `c s`zdnle, ejtd`ls d haurj`jg praiess. ]fus, tfe medtf ac d lavem aje `s dj dspeit ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. ]fe medtf ac d pdrejt, d s`nl`jg, d if`lm, d laver, ar d spause `s dj `jm`v`mudt`aj ir`s`s tfdt ifdllejges elehejtdry stdtes ac `mejt`c`idt`aj djm  pdrt`i`pdt`aj  pdrt`i`pdt`a j hyst`que. hyst`que.   ]fe ega‑s ujiajsi`aus iajjeit`aj  

 >=]fe

Yajg Ielest`dl ar fe Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ac ¿Oelly. ]  ¿‚Kujg. ]fe Rrdit`ie ac ¿‑Rldta, Rfdema. 3=i. `j Rldta 4;>>9cc.

 

w`tf tfe Yelc `s ehnemmem `j tfese pr`hdry `mejt`c`idt`ajs, djm tferecare tfe aiids`aj ac suif d medtf `s irui`dl. E`tfer `t w`ll ledm ta dj `jiredsem redl`zdt`aj ac tfe Yelc, ar, `c tfe patejt`dl car iajsi`ausjess `s dnartem, tfej jegdt`ve, regress`ve, djm evej cdtdl ecceits hdy callaw. @t `s jat ujusudl, dcter d hdkar neredvehejt, car tfe surv`v`jg aje ta m`e saaj dcter ny su`i`me, dii`mejt, ar cdtdl `lljess. ]fe `hdges ac w`maw, w`mawer, ar arpfdj nelajg ta tf`s syhnal`sh. > * ]fey dre

sepdrdtem ajes wfa dre aj tfe`r wdy ta tfe “`jm`v`s`nle.‘ ]fe dji`ejt Greeo  pf` las apf ers wer e pre aii up `em w`t f tfe `m ed ac dj `j m` v`s `n le hdg j` tu me (dtahaj hegetfas),   wf`if h`gft ne redifem ny dj `jc`j`te ser`es ac m`v`s`ajs. ]fe gadl ac hegetfas),  sepdrdma   `s ta redif tfe `jm`v`s`nle ” tfdt  sepdrdma t fdt `s, tfe `jm`v`mudl .>0  Car Djdxdgards, tfe aje `jm`v`s`nle ejt`ty `s Jaus, wf`if dlsa `j`t`dtes tfe praiess ac  sepdrd``a.  sepdrd``a.   @ quate `j cull f`s `hpartdjt Crdghejt 4> (M`els); Dll atfer tf`jgs pdrtdoe `j d part`aj ac everytf`jg, wf`le Jaus `s `jc`j`te djm selc-rulem, djm `s h`xem w`tf jatf`jg, nut `s dlaje, `tselc ny `tselc. Car `c `t were jat ny `tselc, nut were h`xem w`tf djytf`jg else, `t waulm pdrtdoe `j dll tf`jgs `c `t were h`xem w`tf djy? car `j everytf`jg tfere `s d part`aj ac everytf`jg, ds fds  nee j sd` m ny he `j wfd t gaes nec ar e, djm tf e tf `jg s h`x em w`t f `t waul m f` jme r `t, sa tfdt `t waulm fdve pawer aver jatf`jg `j tfe sdhe wdy tfdt `t fds jaw  ne` jg dla je ny `t sel c. Car `t `s tfe tf` jje st ac dll tf` jgs djm tf e p ur est , d jm `t fds dll ojawlemge dnaut everytf`jg djm tfe gredtest strejgtf? djm Jaus fds pawer aver dll tf`jgs, natf gredter djm shdller, tfdt fdve l`ce. Djm Jaus fdm pawer aver tfe wfale revalut`aj, sa tfdt `t negdj ta revalve `j tfe neg`jj`jg. Djm `t  neg dj ta rev al ve c`r st cr ah d shd ll neg `j j` jg? nu t tfe rev alu t` aj jaw ext ejm s aver d ldrger spdie, djm w`ll extejm aver d ldrger st`ll. Djm dll tfe tf`jgs tfdt dre h`jglem tagetfer djm sepdrdtem acc djm m`st`jgu`sfem dre dll ojawj ny Jaus. Djm Jaus set `j armer dll tf`jgs tfdt were ta ne, djm dll tf`jgs tfdt were djm dre jat jaw djm tfdt dre, djm tf`s revalut`aj `j wf`if jaw revalve tfe stdrs djm tfe suj djm tfe haaj, djm tfe d`r djm tfe detfer tfdt dre sepdrdtem acc. Djm tf`s revalut`aj idusem tfe sepdrdt`jg acc, djm tfe rdre `s sepdrdtem acc crah tfe mejse, tfe wdrh crah tfe ialm, tfe l`gft crah tfe mdro, djm tfe mry crah tfe ha`st. Djm tfere dre hdjy part`ajs `j hdjy tf`jgs. Nut ja tf`jg `s dltagetfer sepdrdtem acc jar m`st`jgu`sfem crah djytf`jg else exiept Jaus. Djm dll Jaus `s dl`oe, natf tfe gredter djm tfe shdller? wf`le jatf`jg else `s l`oe djytf`jg else,  nu t edi f s` jgl e tf `jg `s djm wds has t hdj `ce stl y tf ase tf` jgs ac wf` if `t fds hast `j `t.¿   ]fe Jaus ac Djdxdgards idj ne ujmerstaam psyifalag`idlly ds tfe Yelc `j `ts myjdh`i dspeit, wf`if `s natf tfe saurie djm gadl ac tfe  sepdrd``a  sepdrd``a   aperdt`aj.

Hvs`erluh

W  W 

•▢Kujg. Iajluji`lajls. I   4=. pdrs. Acc,  4=. ~` fe warm “`jm`v`mudl" `s iagjdte w`tf tfe warm “w`maw." Yee Em `jger,  Ega djm Drife   @¿‑  

R 

¿Nurjet.

Edrl ` Arrro Rf`lasapfy,  pp. pp. >50c.  

type.

 

D very `jterest`jg  sepdrdl`a  sepdrdl`a   text `s caujm `j F`ppalytus‑ diiaujt ac tfe maitr`je ac Nds`l`mes, tfe Gjast`i;

Dll tfe evejts `j aur Larm‑s l`ce aiiurrem... fe sdys, `j armer tfdt Kesus h`gft  nei ahe tf e c`r st -cr u` ts ac tfe m` st` jit `aj ac tf e m` cce rej t arm ers (a c ire dte m ankeits) tfdt fds neej iajcusem tagetfer. Car wfej tfe warlm fdm neej m`v`mem `jta dj Agmadm, wf`if `s tfe fedm ac tfe ejt`re warlm... djm `jta d Fenmahdm... tfe Meh`urge ac sunkdiejt ejt`t`es, djm `jta tf`s armer ac iredtures (tfdt prevd`ls) dhajgst us, wfere ex`sts Carhlessjess, `t wds requ`s`te tfdt tfe vdr`aus armers ac iredtem ankeits tfdt fdm neej iajcaujmem tagetfer sfaulm ne m`st`jgu`sfem ny d sepdrdt`jg praiess percarhem ny Kesus....Kesus, tferecare, neidhe tfe c`rst-cru`ts ac tfe m`st`jit`aj ac tfe vdr`aus armers ac iredtem ankeits, djm f`s Rdss`aj taao pldie car jat djy atfer redsaj tfdj tfe m`st`jit`aj tfdt wds tfereny nraugft dnaut `j tfe vdr`aus armers ac iredtem ankeits tfdt fdm neej iajcaujmem tagetfer .44  ]f`s text tdoes aj spei`dl `hpartdjie neiduse Kujg usem d part`aj ac `t ds d hatta car f`s naao  D`aj.  D`aj.   @t suggests tfe `jterest`jg psyifalag`idl `med tfdt

Ifr`st‑s Rdss`aj nr`jgs d nau t d sep drd t` aj ac per saj dl djm dri fet ypd l iaj tej ts  sepdrdl`a   (“vdr`aus armers ac iredtem ankeits‘). ]f`s `s reh` j`siejt ac djatfer  sepdrdl`a `hdge `j tfe Gaspel ac Luoe `j wf`if Kesus sdys, “@ wdtifem Ydtdj cdll l`oe l`gftj`jg crah fedvej‘ (42;46 KN). Kujg sdys dnaut tf`s pdssdge; “@j tf`s v`s`aj d hetdpfys`idl evejt fds neiahe tehpardl; `t `jm`idtes tfe f`star`i djm ” sa s a cdr ds we ojaw ” c`jdl c `jdl sepdrdt`aj ac Pdfwef crah f`s mdro saj. Ydtdj `s ndj`sfem crah fedvej djm ja lajger fds djy appartuj`ty ta `jve`gle f`s cdtfer `jta mun`aus ujmertdo`jgs ."9>  ]fe dmvejt ac Ifr`st`dj syhnal`sh nraugft w`tf `t d mei`s`ve sepdrdt`aj ac tfe appas`tes, gaam djm ev`l, `j tfe Gamfedm. Ifr`st accerem f`hselc ds d sdir`c`ie (c`rst-cru`ts) ta dppedse tfe wrdtfcul s`me ac Pdfwef djm tfereny  nra ugf t dna ut tf e sep drd t` aj net weej Pdf wef djm Ydt dj (se e c`g ure 7 -4> ). Dt

tfe sdhe t`he, diiarm`jg ta tfe Gjast`i text, tfere aiiurrem d “m`st`jit`aj `j tfe vdr`aus armers ac iredtem ankeits tfdt fdm neej iajcaujmem tagetfer." @ tdoe tf`s ta hedj tfd t Ifr`st‑s Rdss`aj purgem tfe fuhdj ega ny sepdrdt`jg persajdl crah trdjspersajdl iajtejts, wf`if fdm neej iajcaujmem tagetfer `j dj `jcldtem h`xture. Djatfer pawercul  sepdrdl`a  sepdrdl`a   maiuhejt fds dlsa neej expressem `j tfe jdhe ac

Nds`l`mes, jdhely, Kujg‑s `jsp`rem wr`t`jg ejt`tlem. “Yevej Yerhajs ta tfe Medm.‘ ]fe relevdjt part`aj `s ds callaws;   Aur very jdture `s m`st`jit`vejess. @c we dre jat true ta tf`s jdture we ma jat m`st`jgu`sf aurselves ejaugf. ]ferecare hust we hdoe m`st`jit`ajs ac qudl`t`es Wfdt `s tfe fdrh, ye dso. `j jat m`st`jgu`sf`jg ajeselc1 @c we ma jat m`st`jgu`sf, we get neyajm aur awj jdture, dwdy crah iridturd. We cdll `jta

"F`ppalytus, "]fe ^ecutdt`aj ac Dll Feres`es." `j ]fe Djte-Jueje Cdtfer*  5;420 '¿Kujg, Rsyifalagy ujm ^el`g`aj.  I W @@. R dr  352.

 

C@GU^E 7 4> Irui```*'aj d jm Ld st K umg ehejt (F. S d j Ey io. J ew P a ro, ]fe Hetrapal`tdj Huseuh a c D rt. ^ epr`jtem `j  Hdst erp` eies ac  Rd`jt`jg `j tfe

 Hetr apal` tdj Huse uh a c Drt .)  

 

`jm`st`jit`vejess, wf`if `s tfe atfer qudl`ty ac tfe plerahd. We cdll `jta tfe plerahd `tselc djm iedse ta ne iredtures. We dre g`vej aver ta m`ssalut`aj `j tfe jatf`jgjess. ]f`s `s tfe medtf ac tfe iredture. ]ferecare we m`e `j suif hedsure ds we ma jat m`st`jgu`sf. Fejie tfe jdturdl str`v`jg ac tfe iredture gaetf tawdrms m`st`jit`vejess, c`gftetf dgd`jst pr`hevdl, per`laus sdhejess. ]f`s `s idllem tfe R^@JI@R@UH @JM@S@MUD]@AJ@Y.   ]f`s pr`ji`ple `s tfe essejie ac tfe iredture. Crah tf`s yau idj see wfy `jm`st`jit`vejess djm jajm`st`jit`aj dre d gredt mdjger car tfe iredture. We hust, tferecare, m`st`jgu`sf tfe qudl`t`es ac tfe plerahd. ]fe qudl`t`es dre RD@^Y AC ARRAY@]EY,   suif ds ”   ]fe Ecceit`ve djm tfe @jecceit`ve. Culljess djm Ehpt`jess. L`v`jg djm Medm. M`ccerejie djm Ydhejess. L`gft djm Mdrojess. ]fe Fat djm tfe Ialm. Carie djm Hdtter. ]`he djm Ypdie. Gaam djm Ev`l. Neduty djm Ugl`jess. ]fe Aje djm tfe Hdjy, eti. ]fe pd`rs ac appas`tes dre qudl`t`es ac tfe plerahd wf`if dre jat,  nei dus e edi f ndl dji etf edi f. Ds we dre t fe ple rah d `t sel c, we dls a fdve dll tfese qudl`t`es `j us. Neiduse tfe very graujm ac aur jdture `s m`st`jit`vejess, tferecare we fdve tfese qudl`t`es `j tfe jdhe djm s`gj ac m`st`jit`vejess. wf`if hedjetf ”   4.  ]fese qudl`t`es dre m`st`jit djm sepdrdte `j us a je crah tfe atfer, tferecare tfey dre jat ndldjiem djm va`m, nut dre ecceit`ve. ]fus dre we tfe v`it`hs ac tfe pd`rs ac appas`tes. ]fe plerahd `s rejt `j us. >.  ]fe qudl`t`es nelajg ta tfe plerahd, djm ajly `j tfe jdhe djm s`gj ac m`st`jit`vejess idj djm hust we passess ar l`ve tfeh. We hust m`st`jgu`sf aurselves crah qudl`t`es. @j tfe plerahd tfey dre  ndl dji em djm va` m? `j us jat . Ne` jg m` st` jgu `sf em cra h tf eh mel`veretf us. Wfej we str`ve dcter tfe gaam ar tfe nedut`cul, we tfereny carget aur awj jdture, wf`if `s m`st`jit`vejess, djm we dre mel`verem aver ta tfe qudl`t`es ac tfe plerahd, wf`if dre pd`rs ac appas`tes. We ldnar ta dttd`j ta tfe gaam djm tfe nedut`cul, yet dt tfe sdhe t`he we dlsa ldy falm ac tfe ev`l djm tfe ugly, s`jie `j tfe plerahd tfese dre aje w`tf tfe gaam djm tfe nedut`cul. Wfej, fawever, we rehd`j true ta aur awj jdture, wf`if `s m`st`jit`vejess, we m`st`jgu`sf aurselves crah tfe gaam djm tfe nedut`cul, djm, tferecare, dt tfe sdhe t`he, crah tfe ev`l djm tfe ugly. Djm tfus we cdll jat `jta tfe plerahd. jdhely, `jta jatf`jgjess djm m`ssalut`aj .99  D pracaujm express`aj ac tfe  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   drifetype `s ejiaujterem `j tfe syhnal`sh ac tfe Ldst Kumghejt. ]fe jat`aj ac d pastharteh kumghejt `s caujm cauj m `j dlhast dlhast dll iult iultures ures.. Rs ifal ifala a `idll tf`s `med idj idj n nee uj ujmers merstaa taam m ¿Kujg, Hehar`es. Mredhs. Mredhs. ^ecleit`ajs ^ecleit`ajs (Jew Paro; S`jtdge. 4039) Dppejm`x 5. pp. 962cc.

(]f`s dppejm`x `s h`ss`jg crah tfe fdrm-iaver em`t`aj.)

 

tfe iajm`t`aj ac `jm`v`s`n`l`ty. Diiarm`jg ta dji`ejt Egypt`dj rel`g`aj, tfe saul ac tfe meiedsem wds we`gfem aj d ndldjie dgd`jst d cedtfer s`gj`cy`jg Hddt, tfe Gammess ac ]rutf. @c `t ndldjiem, tfe meiedsem wds esiartem v`itar`ausly `jta tfe presejie ac As`r`s. @c jat, tfe saul wds cem ta d wd`t`jg hajster (see c`gure 7-49). ]fe Gaspels presejt djatfer vers`aj ac  sepdrdt`a   sepdrdt`a  dt tfe Ldst Kumgehejt. “Wfej tfe Yaj ac hdj sfdll iahe `j f`s glary, djm   dll tfe faly djgels w`tf f`h, tfej sfdll fe s`t upaj tfe tfraje ac f`s glary; Djm necare f`h sfdll ne gdtferem dll jdt`ajs; djm fe sfdll sepdrdte tfeh aje crah djatfer, ds d sfepferm m`v`metf f`s sfeep crah tfe gadts; Djm fe sfdll set tfe sfeep aj f`s r` g ft fdjm, nut tfe gadts aj tfe lect‘ (Hdtt. >5;94 -99, DS). ]fe text `jcarhs us curtfer tfdt tfe sfeep w`ll `jfer`t tfe o`jgmah, wfereds tfe gadts w`ll ne sejt `jta everldst`jg c`re. Dgd`j, tf`s idj ne ujmerstaam ds dj ejiaujter w`tf tfe Yelc trdjscerrem ta tfe dcterl`ce. @t `s ds tfaugf tfe Ldst Kumghejt sepdrdtes tfe iahpletem ajes crah tfe `jiahplete. ]fe `jiahplete ajes dre sunkeitem ta curtfer idli`jdt`a idli`jdt`a   djm perfdps atfer aperdt`ajs (see c`gure 7-4=). @j sp`te ac tfe dppdrejt c`jdl`ty ac tfe Egypt`dj djm Ifr`st`dj vers`ajs ac tfe Ldst Kumgehejt, diiarm`jg ta dlifehy,  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   `s jat d c`jdl praiess. @t `s mesir`nem ds d neg`jj`jg ar `jterhem`dte aperdt`aj tfdt `s d

 

 

C@GU^E 7 4= ]fe Drifdjgel H`ifdel We`gf`jg Yauls (Sdj mer

gagje. Fasp`ie me Neduhe. ^epr`jtem `j

rd j

Medm.)

 

| 5t f  iejtury. Naur-  

ey Z

Kumgihijt  a c  

 

@ YER D ^D]@A  ^D]@A 

>2 0  

 pr ere qu` s`t e car tfe gr edt er iaj`ujit`a. iaj`ujit`a.   ]fe  Durard Iajsurge Iajsurgejs js   sdys, “...d iertd`j  pu r`c `id t` aj ac tf` jgs pr eie met f tfe war o ac per cei t pr epd rdt `aj , wf` if ny sah e `s idllem dmh`j`strdt`aj ar iledjs`jg ( hujil`c`- id``a),  id``a),  ny atfers reit`c`idt`aj, djm ny sahe `t `s idllem wdsf`jg (dnlut`a) ar sepdrdt`aj .‘9=  Oelly quates Dv`iejjd; “Rur`cy fusndjm djm w`ce sepdrdtely, `j armer tfdt tfey hdy uj`te hare `jt`hdtely? car `c yau ma jat  pu r`c y tf eh, tf ey idj jat lav e edi f atf er .‘95  ]fese texts stdte tfdt  sepdrdt`a  sepdrdt`a   hust  pr eie me iaj`ujit`a, iaj`ujit`a,   djm tfey dlsa spedo ac `t ds d iledjs`jg aperdt`aj. ]f`s iarrespajms  psy ifa lag `i dll y ta tf e cdi t tfd t dt t` tum es iaj tdh `jd tem ny uji ajs i`a us iah ple xes g`v e aje tfe m`st`jit `hpress`aj ac ne`jg sa`lem ar m`rty. Oelly sdys; Wfej tfe saul ac galm fds neej sepdrdtem crah `ts namy, ar wfej tfe namy, `j atfer warms, fds neej m`ssalvem, tfe namy ac tfe Haaj sfaulm  ne wdt ere m w `t f ` ts pra per hej st ruu h d jm rev ern erd tem QQQ QQ QQQ Q Car ujl ess tf e haaj ar Edrtf `s praperly prepdrem djm ejt`rely ehpt`em ac `ts saul, `t w`ll jat ne c`t ta reie`ve tfe Yaldr Yeem? nut tfe hare tfaraugfly tfe edrtf `s iledjsem ac `ts `hpur`ty djm edrtf`jess, tfe hare v`garaus `t w`ll ne `j tfe c`xdt`aj ac `ts cerhejt. ]f`s edrtf ar haaj ac tfe Ydges `s tfe trujo upaj wf`if tfe saldr nrdjif ac tfe Ydges `s ejgrdctem .93  ]fe pramuit ac tfe iledjs`jg ac tfe edrtf `s tfe sa- idllem “wf`te cal`dtem edrtf .‘97 

]f`s `s tfej nraugft tagetfer w`tf tfe pur`c`em “suj‘ ar “galm‘ pr`ji`ple ny tfe rei`pe; “Yaw yaur galm `j wf`te edrtf .‘96  ]fe twa pratdgaj`sts ” suj s uj djm haaj, fusndjm djm w`ce, edrtf djm sp`r`t ”   stdjm car dll tfe pd`rs ac appas`tes. ]fey hust ne tfaraugfly iledjsem crah iajtdh`jdt`aj w`tf edif atfer, wf`if hedjs m`l`gejt djm pralajgem

sirut`jy ac aje‑s iahplexes. Wfej tfe  sepdrdt`  sepdrdt`a a  `s iahpletem, tfej tfe pur`c`em appas`tes idj ne reiaji`lem `j tfe iaj`ujit`a, iaj`ujit`a, wf`if  wf`if `s tfe gadl ac tfe apus. apus.  

“vaj @ rdj/.  Durard Ithturgeru, pp. Ithturgeru,  pp. 0=cc. "Oelly, tfe Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jgs ak Emwdrm Oelly, p. Oelly,  p. 95.  95.  

*ln`m., pp. @99c< "Iuem `j Kujg.  Hysterluh Iaj`ujitlajls, IW  4=. IW  4=. pdr. 45= j. 464.

▢ H.uir.  Dtdldjtd c ugtrj*.  t`lem ny Fedm `j  Rrelume ta Ifehestrv. Ifehestrv. cdi`jg  cdi`jg p. 57 Yee C`gure =- 42. R• 423.  

 

 

 

* 6 I ajh jhji jitt` a 9   -

fe IAJ@UJI]@A  `s tfe iulh`jdt`aj ac tfe

¿

apus.   F`star`idlly, ds apus.

 well ds psyifalag`idlly, `t fds natf dj extrdvertem djm dj `jtravertem

]

dspeit. ]fe dlifeh`sts‑ cdsi`jdt`aj w`tf tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a aj  aj tfe extrdvertem s`me prahatem d stumy ac tfe h`rdile ac ifeh`idl iahn`jdt`aj djm lem ta hamerj ifeh`stry djm juiledr pfys`is. Aj tfe `jtravertem s`me, `t gejerdtem `jterest `j ujiajsi`aus `hdgery djm praiesses, ledm`jg ta gejerdtem twejt`etf-iejtury twejt`etf-ie jtury meptf psyifalagy. ]fe dlifeh`sts fdm tfe appartuj`ty ta w`tjess `j tfe`r ldnardtar`es hdjy exdhples ac natf ifeh`idl djm pfys`idl iahn`jdt`aj `j wf`if twa sunstdjies iahe tagetfer ta iredte d tf`rm sunstdjie w`tf m`ccerejt prapert`es. ]fese exper`ejies prav`mem `hpartdjt `hdges car dlifeh`idl cdjtdsy. Dj `hpress`ve exdhple ac pfys`idl iahn`jdt`aj `s tfe cus`aj ac haltej hetdls djm, `j  pdr t`i uld r, tfe tf e c arh dt` aj ac dhd lgdhs lg dhs ny tfe uj` aj ac her iur y w` tf atf er het dls . ]fe iahhaj dlifeh`idl `hdge ac tfe suj djm haaj ejter`jg tfe heriur`dl caujtd`j fdm `ts ar`g`j `j tfe m`ssalv`jg ac galm djm s`lver `j heriury. @j tfe redlh ac ifeh`idl iahn`jdt`aj dj `hpress`ve exdhple dvd`ldnle ta tfe dlifeh`sts `s tfe uj`aj ac heriury djm sulpfur ta hdoe rem heriur`i sulpf`me (Fg + Y  ”   FgY). ]f`s ifeh`idl redit`aj hdy fdve neej tfe ar`g`jdl ldnardtary `hdge tfdt ujmerldy tfe `med ac tfe rem staje ac tfe pf`lasapfers. @j dttehpt`jg ta ujmerstdjm tfe r`if djm iahplex syhnal`sh ac tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `t `s dmv`sdnle ta m`st`jgu`sf twa pfdses; d lesser iaj`ujit`a djm d gredter. ]fe lesser iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `s d uj`aj ar cus`aj ac sunstdjies tfdt dre jat yet tfaraugfly sepdrdtem ar m`sir`h`jdtem. @t `s dlwdys callawem ny medtf ar hart`ctidt`a.  hart`ctidt`a.  ]fe gredter iaj`ujit`a, iaj`ujit`a,   aj tfe atfer fdjm, `s tfe gadl ac tfe apus, apus,   tfe suprehe diiahpl`sfhejt. @j ditudl redl`ty tfese twa dspeits dre iahn`jem w`tf edif atfer. ]fe exper`ejie ac tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `s dlhast dlwdys d h`xture ac tfe lesser

djm tfe gredter dspeit¿. Fawever, car mesir`pt`ve purpases `t `s felpcul ta m`st`jgu`sf tfe

 

 / A  ]fe Lesser I AJ@UJI]  A J@UJI] 

]fe uj`aj ac appas`tes tfdt fdve neej `hperceitly sepdrdtem ifdrditer`zes tfe jdture ac tfe lesser iaj`ujit`a. iaj`ujit`a.   ]fe pramuit `s d iajtdh`jdtem h`xture tfdt hust ne sunkeitem ta curtfer praiemures. ]fe pramuit ac tfe lesser iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `s p`iturem ds o`llem, hd`hem, ar crdghejtem (dj averldp w`tf  salut`a  salut`a   djm hart`c`idt`a hart`c`idt`a   syhnal`sh). Car exdhple, recerr`jg ta tfe

hdrr`dge ac Hatfer Neyd djm fer saj Gdnr`t`us, d text redms; “Nut tf`s hdrr`dge, wf`if wds neguj w`tf tfe express`aj ac gredt kayculjess,

ejmem `j tfe n`tterjess ac haurj`jg. ‚W`tf`j tfe clawer `tselc tfere graws tfe gjdw`jg idjoer Wfere fajey `s, tfere gdll, wfere swell`jg nredst,

tfe ifdjire.‑ Car, ‚wfej tfe saj sleeps w`tf tfe hatfer, sfe o`lls f`h w`tf tfe straoe ac d v`per .‐‘ .‐‘4  Fere we dre `j tfe cdh`l`dr terr`tary ac tfe sa-idllem Aem`pus iahplex. Fawever, car tfe dlifeh`st, tfe hatfer wds tfe  pr`hd hdter`d  hdter`d  djm nraugft dnaut fedl`jg djm rekuvejdt`aj ds well ds medtf. ]f`s `hdge ac tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   recers ta aje pfdse ac tfe trdjscarhdt`aj praiess, medtf, ta ne callawem, aje fapes, ny ren`rtf. Iertd`jly tfe mdjgeraus dspeit ac tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `s p`iturem fere. ]fe `hhdture saj-ega `s eil`psem djm tfredtejem w`tf mestruit`aj wfej `t jd`vely ehnrdies tfe hdterjdl ujiajsi`aus. Fawever, atfer `hdges `jm`idte tfdt suif dj eil`pse idj ne `jseh`jdt`jg djm rekuvejdt`jg. Djatfer text, quatem edrl`er, spedos ac tfe wahdj wfa sldys fer fusndjm wf`le fe `s `j fer ehnrdie;  Jev ert fel ess tfe Rf` las apf er s fdv e put ta med tf tfe wah dj wfa sld ys fer fus ndj m, car tfe namy ac tfdt wahdj `s cull ac wedpajs djm pa`saj. Let d grdve ne mug car tfdt mrdgaj, djm let tfdt wahdj ne nur`em w`tf f`h, fe ne`jg ifd`jem cdst ta tfdt wahdj? djm tfe hare fe w`jms djm ia`ls f`hselc dnaut fer, tfe hare w`ll fe ne iut ta p`eies ny tfe cehdle wedpajs wf`if dre cdsf`ajem `j tfe namy ac tfe wahdj. Djm wfej fe sees tfdt fe `s h`jglem w`tf tfe l`hns ac tfe wahdj, fe w`ll ne iertd`j ac medtf, djm w`ll ne ifdjgem wfally `jta nlaam. Nut wfej tfe Rf`lasapfers see f`h ifdjgem `jta nlaam, tfey ledve f`h d cew mdys `j tfe suj, ujt`l f`s sactjess `s iajsuhem, djm tfe nlaam mr`es, djm tfey c`jm tfdt pa`saj. Wfdt tfej dppedrs, `s tfe f`mmej w`jm .> 

]f`s text jeems elui`mdt`aj. Ds w`tf mredhs, tfe `hdges dri clu`m djm claw `jta aje djatfer. Wfa `s tfe mrdgaj tfdt `s ta ne ifd`jem cdst ta tfe wahdj1 Fe `s dppdrejtly tfe fusndjm wfa `s sld`j ny tfe wahdj. ]fe sequejie ac tfe text suggests tfdt ds tfe fusndjm neg`js ta l`e w`tf tfe wahdj fe turjs `jta d mrdgaj? ar, dlterjdt`vely, dlterjdt`vely, ds tfey l`e tagetfer, tfe mrdgaj dspeit ac tfe `jst`jitudl reldt`ajsf` reldt`ajsf`p p (lust) `s iajstelldtem.

'Tuatem ny Kujg, Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`art`s. IW  4=.  4=. pdr. 4= >

ln`m., pdr. @Y.

 

]fe ejsu`jg iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `s d m`shehnerhejt ac tfe mrdgaj (pr`h`t`ve mes`rausjess) djm `s callawem ny `ts trdjscarhd trdjscarhdt`aj t`aj `jta sp`r`t (f`mmej w`jm). (Yee c`gure 6-4.) ]fe pdssdge `hhem`dtely preiem`jg tfe dnave-quatem text prave* tfdt tfe wahdj wfase ehnrdie o`lls `s dssai`dtem w`tf lust. @t redms; @j tfe sdhe wdy tfdt wahdj, clee`jg crah fer awj if`lmrej, w`tf wfah sfe l`ves, dltfaugf pdrtly djgry, yet maes jat nraao ne`jg averiahe, jat tfdt fer fusndjm sfaulm passess fer neduty, wfa cur`ausly laves fer, djm oeeps dwdoe iajtejm`jg w`tf fer, t`ll fe sfdll fdve idrjdl `jteriaurse w`tf fer, djm Gam hdoe  per cei t tf e cae tu s, wfe j fe hul t` pl` es if` lmr ej ta f` hse lc dii arm `j g ta f` s  ple dsu re. F`s ned ut y, tf ere car e, `s iaj suh em ny c`r e wfa ma es jat dpp rad if f` s w`ce exiept ny redsaj ac lust .9 

Lust ds d ldie rdter nr`jgs ta h`jm Yfdoespedre‑s gredt Yajjet 4>0;   ]f' expejse ac sp`r`t `j d wdste ac sfdhe @s lust `j

dit`aj? djm, t`ll dit`aj, lust @s perkurem, hurm‑raus,  nla am y, cul l a c n ldh e. Ydvdge, extrehe, rume, iruel, jat ta trust?

C@GU^E 6 @ Kfi Mrdgaj O`lls tfe Wahdj djm Yfe O`lls @t (Hd`ir,  Dtdldj`d Cug`ejs. Cug`ejs. 4346.)  4346.)

▢Wd``i. @rdj* . ]urfd Rf`latapfaruh, p.   p.  476, m`ituh 90.  90.  

 

Ejkayem ja saajer nut mesp`sem strd`gft? Rdst redsaj fujtem, djm ja saajer fdm, Rdst redsaj fdtem ds d swdllawem nd`t Aj purpase ld`m ta hdoe tfe tdoer hdm? Hdm `j pursu`t, djm `j passess`aj sa? Fdm, fdv`jg, djm `j quest ta fdve, extrehe? D nl`ss `j praac, djm pravem, d very wae, Necare, d kay prapasem? nef`jm, d mredh. Dll tf`s tfe warlm well ojaws, yet jaje ojaws well ]a sfuj tfe fedvej tfdt ledms hej ta tf`s fell.

]f`s `s Yfdoespedre‑s jegdt`ve iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   sajjet djm sfaulm ne iajtrdstem w`tf f`s pas`t`ve Yajjet 443, quatem ldter `j tf`s ifdpter. Jate tfe pldy ac appas`tes sa ifdrditer`st`i

ac

iaj`ujit`a   syhnal`sh; iaj`ujit`a

ejkayem ” mesp`sem, m esp`sem,

fujtem ” fdtem, f dtem,

redsaj ” hdmjess, h dmjess, nl`ss ” wae, w ae, fedvej ” fell. f ell. ]fe wahdj wfa sldys fer fusndjm w`tf fer ehnrdie dppedrs `j tfe dpairypfdl Naao ac ]an`t. Ydrdf, wfa `s ta ne hdrr`em ta ]an`ds, fds fdm sevej prev`aus fusndjms. Every wemm`jg j`gft, wfej tfe fusndjm ret`rem ta nem w`tf f`s nr`me, tfe mehaj Dshameus o`llem f`h. Yevej suiiess`ve fusndjms fdm m`em tfdt wdy. ^dpfdel, f`s gudrm`dj djgel, g`ves ]an`ds spei`c`i `jstruit`ajs aj faw ta medl w`tf tfe mdjger. Aj tfe wdy ta f`s nr`me‑s fause, ]an`ds ejiaujters d fuge c`sf tfdt ledps aut ac tfe wdter dt f`h. Fe `s `jstruitem ta o`ll tfe c`sf djm extrdit `ts fedrt, l`ver, djm gdll. Aj f`s wemm`jg j`gft fe hust nurj tfe fedrt djm l`ver ds dj `jiejse accer`jg ta prateit f`h crah tfe ev`l mehaj. ]fe gdll `s ta ne dppl`em ta tfe eyes ac f`s nl`jm cdtfer `j armer ta restare f`s s`gft. ]fe syhnal`i `med nef`jm tf`s stary `s tfdt tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   ledms ta medtf ”  ext`jit`aj ac iajsi`ausjess ” ujt`l u jt`l tfe ejergy ac `jst`jitudl mes`rausjess (c`sf) fds  nee j ext rdi tem cra h `t s ar` g`j dl car h djm tr djs car hem `j ta sp `r` t (` jie jse ) ” ttfdt fdt `s, iajsi`aus ujmerstdjm`jg. ]f`s `jterpretdt`aj `s suppartem ny d vdr`djt pdssdge

`j tfe Sulgdte. “]fej tfe djgel ^dpfdel sd`m ta f`h, ‚L`stej djm 4 w`ll sfaw yau tfase wfah tfe mehaj fds pawer ta averiahe. ]fey dre tfase wfa dt tfe t`he ac tfe`r hdrr`dge put Gam aut ac tfe`r tfaugfts djm sa dndjmaj tfehselves ta tfe`r

`jst`jits tfdt tfey fdve ja hare redsaj tfdj farse ar hule‑‘ (]an`t 3;43Z)*   ]fe gdll ac tfe c`sf, wfej dppl`em ta tfe eyes ac ]an`ds‑ nl`jm cdtfer, restares f`s s`gft. Gdll `s n`tter, iarrespajm`jg ta tfe n`tterjess ac crustrdtem mes`re. Nut tfe exper`ejie ac n`tterjess, praperly ujmerstaam (dppl`em ta tfe eyes), nr`jgs w`smah. Wf`le m`siuss`jg tfe syhnal`sh ac sdlt, Kujg fds hdme relevdjt iahhejts dnaut  n`t te rje ss, ds qu ate m e drl `er ;

]fe Kerusdleh N`nle, p. 349.

 

...tfe hast autstdjm`jg prapert`es ac sdlt dre n`tterjess djm w`smah . ]fe cditar iahhaj ta natf, fawever `jiahhejsurdnle tfe twa `meds hdy seeh, `s,  psy ifa lag `id ll y, tf e cuj it` aj ac cee l`j g. ]edr s, sar ra w djm m`s dpp a`j the jt dre  n` tt er, nut w`s mah `s tf e iah car ter `j dll ps yif `i suc cer `j g. @jm eem , n` tt erj ess djm w`smah carh d pd`r ac dlterjdt`ves; wfere tfere `s n`tterjess w`smah `s ldio`jg, djm wfere w`smah `s tfere idj ne ja n`tterjess. Ydlt, ds tfe idrr`er ac tf`s cdtecul dlterjdt`ve,, `s iaarm`jdtem w`tf tfe jdture ac dlterjdt`ve wahdj QQQ ]fe jav`luj`u h (mdrojess) ac w ahdj `s d saurie ac iaujtless m`sdppa`jthejts car hdj wf`if eds`ly turj ta n`tterjess, tfaugf tfey iaulm equdlly well ne d saurie ac w`smah `c tfey were ujmerstaam .9  ]fe lesser iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   aiiurs wfejever tfe ega `mejt`c`es w`tf iajtejts eherg`jg crah tfe ujiajsi`aus. ]f`s fdppejs dlhast reguldrly `j tfe iaurse ac tfe djdlyt`i  pr aie ss. ]fe ega `s exp ase m sui ies s` vel y ta `m ejt `c` idt `aj s w`t f tf e sfd maw , tf e dj`hd/ dj`hus, djm tfe Yelc. Yuif iajtdh`jdtem iaj`ujit`as iaj`ujit`as   hust ne callawem ny hart`c`idt`a   djm curtfer  sepdrd``a. hart`c`idt`a  sepdrd``a.   D s`h`ldr sequejie aiiurs `j tfe extrdvertem dspeit ac tfe praiess. ]fe ega `mejt`c`es w`tf iertd`j `jm`v`mudls, graups, `jst`tut`ajs, djm ialleit`v`t`es (`jm`v`mudl djm ialleit`ve trdjscerejies). ]fese `mejt`c`idt`ajs dre

iajtdh`jdtem h`xtures, iajtd`j`jg natf tfe `jm`v`mudl‑s patejt`dl car janle laydlt`es djm ankeit lave djm dlsa ujregejerdte mes`res car pawer djm pledsure. ]fey hust ujmerga curtfer pur`c`idt`aj necare tfe gredter iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a `s  `s pass`nle.

]fe Gredter I AJ@UJI]@A AJ@UJI]@A 

]fe gadl ac tfe apus apus   `s tfe iredt`aj ac d h`rdiulaus ejt`ty vdr`ausly idllem tfe

“Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje,‘ “Aur Galm,‘ “Rejetrdt`jg Wdter,‘ “]`jiture,‘ djm sa cartf. @t `s pramuiem ny d c`jdl uj`aj ac tfe pur`c`em appas`tes, djm, neiduse `t iahn`jes tfe appas`tes, `t h`t`gdtes djm reit`c`es dll aje- s`memjiss. ]fus tfe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje `s

mesir`nem ds “d staje fdv`jg pawer ta g`ve l`ce ta dll hartdl, ta pur`cy dll iarrupt, ta sactej dll fdrm, djm fdrmej dll sact nam`es .‘3  Dgd`j, tfe Ytaje (persaj`c`em ds tfe Ydp`ejt`d Me`)  Me`)  sdys ac `tselc; “@ dh tfe hem`dtr`x ac tfe elehejts, hdo`jg aje ta dgree w`tf djatfer? tfdt wf`if `s wdrh @ hdoe ialm, djm tfe reverse? tfdt wf`if `s mry @ hdoe ha`st, djm tfe reverse? reverse? tfdt wf`if `s fdrm @ sactej, djm tfe reverse. @ dh tfe ejm djm hy nelavem `s tfe neg`jj`jg. @ dh tfe wfale waro djm dll si`ejie `s f`mmej `j 7

he .‘   Ds tfe Ytaje `s ne`jg prepdrem, tfe hdter`dl `s sunkeitem ta repedtem reversdls djm turj`jgs-`jta-tfe-appas`te. turj`jgs-`jtatfe-appas`te. ]fe ]urnd ]urnd   sdys; “Car   'Kujg. Hy¿tertuh 'Kujg.  Hy¿tertuh Iajlujitlajls, Ia jlujitlajls, IW   4=, pdr«. 992 99> *R4 *R 4gulu*.  D Galmej djm  Nlessem Idsoet ac Jdture' s Hdrvels,  Hdrvels,   p. 924. vaj Fdj/.  Durttrd I aj*urgejt, j.  K = K  

 

tfe mehejts, ne`jg m`l`gejtly iaaoem `j tfe c`re, reka`ii, >jm dre ifdjgem `jta m`ccerejt jdtures, neiduse tfe l`quec`em... neiahes jat-l`quec`em, tfe fuh`m  nei ahe s mr y, tf e tf `io nam y nei ahe s d sp` r` t, djm tf e cle e`j g sp `r` t nei ahe s strajg djm c`t ta ma ndttle dgd`jst tfe c`re. Wfejie tfe Rf`lasapfer sd`tf; Iajvert tfe elehejts djm tfau sfdlt c`jm wfdt tfau seeoest. Nut ta iajvert tfe

elehejts `s ta hdoe tfe ha`st mry djm tfe cug`t`ve c`xem.‘*   Djatfer text sdys; “Jaw tfdt tfe iledrjess hdy ne hdj`cest tfraugf aut w`tfaut ansiur`ty...tfe namy hust ne repedtemly apejem djm hdme tf`j dcter `ts c`xdt`aj djm m`ssalve m`ssalvem m djm putrec`em QQQQQQQQ @t `s pur`c`em ny sepdrdt`aj, djm `s m`ssalvem, m`gestem, djm iadguldtem, sunl`hem, `jier- dtem, djm c`xem ny tfe rei`praidtem dit`aj ac `ts awj praper @mejt`ty, ds dgejt djm  pdt `ej t, dlterjdt`jg ta ` hprave"  (@tdl`is  (@tdl`is h`je ).0  ]fe psyifatferdpeut`i praiess `s l`oew`se dj

w

dlterjdt`jg ta `hprave ‘ Aje

`s tfrawj ndio djm cartf netweej tfe appas`tes dlhast `jterh`jdnly. Nut very grdmudlly d

jew stdjmpa`jt eherges

tfdt dllaws

tfe

appas`tes

ta ne

exper`ejiem dt tfe sdhe t`he. ]f`s jew stdjmpa`jt `s tfe iaj`ujit`a, iaj`ujit`a,   djm `t `s

 nat f rel eds `jg djm nurme nu rme jsa he. Kuj g sdys; sdy s; “]fe “]f e aje -dcter-djatfer `s d  ned rdn le pr elu me ta tf e mee per oja wle mge ac tf e s` me -ny -s` me, car tf `s `s dj `jiahpdrdnly hare m`cc`iult pranleh. Dgd`j, tfe v`ew tfdt gaam djm ev`l dre sp`r`tudl caries auts`me us, djm tfdt hdj `s idugft `j tfe iajcl`it netweej tfeh, `s hare nedrdnle ny cdr tfdj tfe `js`gft tfdt tfe appas`tes dre tfe `jerdm`idnle djm `jm`spejsdnle preiajm`t`aj ac dll psyif`i l`ce, sa huif sa tfdt l`ce `tselc `s gu`lt .‘42 

]fe terh “Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje‘ `s `tselc d uj`aj ac appas`tes. Rf`las apfy, lave ac w`smah, `s d sp`r`tudl ejmedvar, wfereds d staje `s irume, fdrm, hdter`dl redl`ty. ]fe terh tfus suggests sahetf`jg l`oe tfe iajirete, prdit`idl ecc`idiy ac w`smah ar iajsi`ausjess. @t `s “d staje wf`if `s jat d staje‘ dnaut

wf`if ^uldjm sdys, “]fe Ytaje wf`if `s jat d staje `s d sunstdjie wf`if `s  pet r`je r` je ds regdrm reg drm s `ts `t s ecc ecc`id `id iy djm v`r tue tu e nu nutt jat ds reg drm s `t `tss sun std jie .‘ " ]fe dlifeh`idl Rf`lasapfers' Ytaje `s tfus d carerujjer ac tfe hamerj

m`siavery ac tfe redl`ty ac tfe psyife. Kujg sdys; “Wfdt ujiajsi`aus jdture wds ult`hdtely d`h`jg dt wfej sfe pramuiem tfe `hdge ac tfe ldp`s idj ne seej hast iledrly `j tfe jat`aj tfdt `t ar`g`jdtem `j hdtter djm `j hdj ... .Ifr`st‑s

sp`r`tudl`ty wds taa f`gf djm hdj‑s jdturdljess wds taa law. @j tfe `hdge ac.. tfe

.

"Wd`te, @rdj*., ]urnd Rflldxapfaruh  p. 402, m`ituh 35.

▢'Yifal`uh ta “]fe Galmej ]redt`se ac Ferhes." quatem `j Dtwaam. Ferhdj Rf`lasapfy djm  Dlifehy,  p. @ @5j.

'“Kujg,  Hyuer`uh Iajlujill Iajlujillajn. ajn. I W  4=.   4=. pdr. >23.   "^uldjm, D Lex`iaj ak Dlifehy,  p. 460.  

 

ldp`s tfe ‚clesf‑ glar`c`em `tselc `j `ts awj wdy? `t waulm jat trdjscarh `tselc `jta sp`r`t nut aj tfe iajtrdry, ‚c`xem‑ tfe sp`r`t `j s taje .‘'> D hdkar syhnal`i `hdge car tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `s tfe hdrr`dge djm/ar sexudl `jteriaurse netweej Yal djm Lujd ar sahe atfer persaj`c`idt`aj ac tfe appas`tes (see c`gure 6->). ]f`s `hdge `j mredhs recers ta tfe iaj`ujit`a, iaj`ujit`a, e`tfer  e`tfer tfe lesser ar tfe gredter, mepejm`jg aj tfe iajtext. Dj `hpress`ve exdhple `s d mredh punl`sfem ny Estfer Fdrm`jg;

 

C@GU^E 6 > ( aj`ujilla  aj`ujilla  `j @fi Dlifeh`idl Si*¿il (47tf iijtury. Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque me 4‑Drse jdl. HY 075. cal. 49 ^epr`jtem `j Mirald, ]fe Yeiret Dj ac Dlifehy.)  Dlifehy.)  

Kuj*.  Dlifeh`id l Y`uKl rt. IW  49.   49. pdr. 4>7  

 

 D wahdj mredhem tfdt sfe wejt `jta dj ujmergrau ujmergraujm jm idverj tfdt wds m`v`mem `jta raahs iajtd`j`jg st`lls djm atfer hyster`aus-laao- `jg ifeh`idl dppdrdtus. ]wa  si`ejt`sts were waro`jg aver tfe c`jdl praiess ac d pralajge pralajgem m ser`es ac exper`hejts, exper`hejts, wf`if tfey fapem ta nr`jg ta d suiiesscul iajilus`aj w`tf fer felp. ]fe ejm pramuit wds ta ne `j tfe carh ac galmej irystdls, wf`if were ta ne sepdrdtemcrah tfe hatfer l`qu`m result`jg crah tfe hdjy prev`aus salut`ajs djm m`st`lldt`ajs. Wf`le tfe ifeh`sts waroem aver tfe vessel, tfe mredher djm fer laver ldy tagetfer `j dj dmka`j`jg raah, tfe`r sexudl ehnrdie supply`jg tfe ejergy essejt`dl car tfe irystdll`zdt`aj ac tfe  pr`ieless galmej su sunstdjie. nstdjie.

]f`s mredh fds d ilase pdrdllel `j dj dlifeh`idl text; “Ma ye jat see tfdt tfe iahplex`aj ac d hdj `s carhem aut ac d saul djm d namy? tfus, dlsa, hust ye iajka`j tfese, neiduse tfe Rf`lasapfers, wfej tfey prepdrem tfe hdtters djm iajka`jem spauses hutudlly `j lave w`tf edif atfer, nefalm tfere dsiejmem crah tfeh d galmej wdter !!‘ ‘4=  ]fe `hdge ac sexudl `jteriaurse ds pramui`jg tfe galmej

sunstdjie nr`jgs up tfe pdrdmax`idl dspeit ac tfe ega‑s rel dt`aj ta tfe Yelc. ]fe usudl carhuldt`aj `s tfdt tfe Yelc uj`tes djm reiaji`les tfe appas`tes. Fawever, tf`s mredh djm tfe pdrdllel text suggest, ds `s `hpl`i`t `j dll ac dlifehy, tfdt tfe aperdtar  ” tfdt t fdt `s, tfe ega ”   nr `jg s dna ut tfe uj` aj ac app as` tes djm tf ere ny iredtes tfe Yelc, ar dt ledst nr`jgs `t `jta hdj`cestdt`aj. ]fus `s ujmersiarem tfe suprehe `hpartdjie ac tfe iajsi`aus ega. @t hust uj`te tfe appas`tes, wf`if `s ja edsy tdso. ]a falm appas`tes s`hultdjeausly `s ta exper`ejie pdrdlys`s dhaujt`jg ta d ver`tdnle irui`c`x`aj. ]fe syhnal`sh ac tfe irass `jilumes tfe uj`aj ac appas`tes, djm hdjy hem`evdl p`itures represejt tfe irui`c`x`aj ac Ifr`st ds d iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   ac Yal djm Lujd (see c`gure 6-9). Dugust`je hdoes dj dhdz`jgly expl`i`t `mejt`ty netweej tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   djm tfe irui`c`x`aj. “L`oe d  nr` meg raa h Ifr `st wej t car tf cra h f` s ifd hne r, fe wej t aut w`t f d pre sdg e ac f`s jupt`dls `jta tfe c`elm ac tfe warlm QQQQQQ QQQQQQ Fe idhe ta tfe hdrr`dge nem ac tfe irass, djm tfere, `j haujt`jg `t, fe iajsuhhdtem f`s hdrr`dge. Djm wfej fe  per ie` vem tf e s `gf s a c t fe ire dtu re, fe lav `j gly gdv e f `hs elc up ta tfe tar hej t ` j tfe pldie ac f`s nr`me...djm fe ka`jem tfe wahdj ta f`hselc car ever ..‘ ‘45  D ildss`i djm pracaujm iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `hdge `s tfe uj`aj ac [eus djm Ferd `j  naa o V @S ac tf e  @l`dm.  @l`dm. Ledm`jg  Ledm`jg Ferd ta f`s seiret nawer. [eus sdys;

‑‑Fdrm`jg,  Rsyif`i Ejergy; @ts Yaurie djm Iadl. pp. Iadl.  pp. =59 5=.  5=.   4 '‚Wd`te, trdjs., ]urna Rf`lasapfar Rf`lasapfaruh. uh.  p. p. 49= . m`i tuh => ‑Tuatem ny Kujg,

 Hvs`er`uh Iaj`ujit`a Iaj`ujit`aj`s, j`s, IW  4=,   4=, R dr - >5¿ Z 

 

 

C@GU^E 6 9

Iajlujit`a  Netweej Yal djm l.ujd (Ldte 0tf iejtury. Rdr`s, N`nl`atfæque Jdt`ajdle. HY. ldt. >57, cal. @>v. ^epr`jtem `j Ywdrzejso`,  Hajuhejt d ac  ^ahdjesque Drt.)   @ fe Irui`c`x`aj ds d

**Jar Gam. jar hartdl sfdll aur kays nefalm,

Yfdmem w`tf ilaums, djm i`riuhcus'm `j galm, Jat iv'j tfe Yuj. wfa mdrts tfra‑ Fedv'j f`s rdys,   Djm wfase nradm eye tf* extejmem edrtf surveys." Gd/`jg fe «paoe, djm o`jml`jg dt tfe v`ew.   F`* edger drhs draujm tfe Gammess tfrew.

Gldm Edrtf perie`ves, djm crah fer nasah paurs Ujn`mmej ferns, djm valujtdry clawers? @ f`io jew-narj v`alets d sact idrpet spredm.

Djm ilust'r`jg latas swell‑m tfe r`s`jg nem.   Djm summej fydi`jtfs tfe turc nestraw, Djm cldhy iraius hdme tfe haujtd`j glaw ]fere galmej i laums iajiedl tfe fedv‑jly pd`r Yteep‑m `j sact kays, djm i`riuhcusem w`tf d`r?

 

Ielest`dl mews, mesiejm`jg a‑er tfe graujm,   Rercuhe tfe haujt, djm nredtfe dhnras`d raujm.

Dt lejgtf w`tf Lave djm Yleep‑s sact pawer appress‑m,   ]fe  pdj t`j g ] fuj m‑rer m‑ rer jam s, djm s`j os ta res t. *   ]fe `hdge ac d h`rdiulaus grawtf ac clawers ar vegetdt`aj iahes up `j mredhs ds ev`mejie ac prax`h`ty ta tfe iaj`ujit`a. iaj`ujit`a.   @t `s jat `jvdr`dnly dusp`i`aus, s`jie `t idj s`gj`cy `jcldt`aj car dj `hhdture ega. Djatfer trdm`t`ajdl iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a `hdge  `hdge `s tfe n`nl`idl Yajg ac Yajgs. ]fe rdnn`s `jterpretem `t ds recerr`jg ta tfe hdrr`dge ac Pdfwef djm @srdel? tfe ifurif cdtfers `jterpretem `t ds tfe hdrr`dge ac Ifr`st w`tf tfe ifurif? iertd`j dlifeh`sts `jterpretem `t ds represejt`jg tfe dlifeh`idl apus apus   (car exdhple,  Durard Iajsurgejs)? Iajsurgejs)?   djm c`jdlly, tfe Kew`sf odnndl`sts `jterpretem `t ds tfe uj`aj ac Pdfwef w`tf f`s ex`lem ceh`j`je essejie, tfe Yfeo`jdf. Yfeo`jdf.   ]fe Yajg ac Yajgs

spedos ac “lave strajg ds medtf" ( 6; 3), dj dllus`aj ta tfe cdit tfdt tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `s auts`me ac t`he (see c`gure 6-=). ]fe hdkar iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   `hdge `j tfe Ifr`st`dj Yir`ptures `s tfe “Hdr r`dge ac tfe

Ldhn‘ `j ^eveldt`aj;   ]fe hdrr`dge ac tfe Ldhn `s iahe, djm f`s w`ce fdtf hdme ferselc redmy. (^ev. 40;7. DS) Djm 4 Kafj sdw tfe faly i`ty, jew Kerusdleh, iah`jg mawj crah Gam aut ac fedvej, prepdrem ds d nr`me dmarjem car fer fusndjm. Djm @ fedrm d gredt va`ie aut ac fedvej sdy`jg. Nefalm, tfe tdnerjdile ac Gam `s w`tf hej, djm fe w`ll mwell w`tf tfeh, djm tfey sfdll ne f`s peaple, djm Gam f`hselc sfdll ne w`tf tfeh, djm  ne tf e`r Gam . ( ^ev . > 4;> ,9, DS) ]f`s `s callawem ny d metd`lem mesir`pt`aj ac tfe jew Kerusdleh ds d  ned ut `cu l, nek ewel lem i`t y `j tf e sfd pe ac d hdj mdl d. ]fe jew (t fdt `s, pu r`c `em ) Kerusdleh `s tfe nr`me ac Gam (tfe Ldhn). Fedvej djm edrtf, wf`if were sepdrdtem dt tfe neg`jj`jg ac iredt`aj, dre ta ne reka`jem, fedl`jg tfe spl`t `j tfe

 psyife  psy ife djm rei ajj eit `jg ega djm Yel c (“t fe tdn erj dil e ac Gam `s w`t f hej ‘). ]fe i`ty ds dj `hdge ac tatdl`ty reh`jms us tfdt tfe i`ty `s dlsa tfe vessel car tfe ialleit`ve trdjscarhdt`aj ac fuhdj`ty. ]fe praiess ac i`v`l`zdt`aj i`v`l`zdt`aj   tdoes pldie `j tfe i`ty (i`v`tds). (i`v`tds). (Yee  (Yee c`gure 6 5.) ]fe hdrr`dge ac fedvej djm edrtf represejtem ds ]`ceretf djm Hdl- ifutf dlsa dppedrs `j tfe (Idnndld. ^dnn` Y`haj nej Paifd`, tfe reputem dutfar ac tfe [afdr `s sd`m ta fdve mesir`nem tfe sdirem iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   aj f`s medtfnem `j tfese

warms; “Wfej... tfe hatfer `s sepdrdtem djm iajka`jem w`tf tfe O`jg cdie ta cdie `j tfe exiellejie ac tfe Ydnndtf, dll tf`jgs neiahe aje namy. Djm tfej tfe Faly Aje nlessem ne Fe! ”   s`ttetf aj F`s tfraje, djm dll tf`jgs dre idllem tfe Iahplete Jdhe, tfe Faly Jdhe. Nlessem ne F`s Jdhe car ever djm ujta tfe dges *(V@S, 960-=23 Rape tr.)

 

 

C@GU^E 6 = Iaj`uji``a   ac Yal djm l.ujd (Hem`evdl Mrdw`jg. @ fe I `rile ac tfe Pedr ds d Iaj`uji``a Ytuttgdrt. Wurttihnerg`sifi l.djmisn`nl`atfeo, Iam. f`st. cal. =45, cal. 47v. ^epr`jtem `j Evdjs,  Hem`evdl Mrdw`jgs Mrdw`jgs.) .)  

ac tfe dges..,, Wfej tf`s Hatfer `s iajka`jem w`tf tfe O`jg, dll tfe warlms reii`ve  nle ss` jg, djm tfe uj` ver se `s cau jm ta ne `j kay .‘43 ]f`s `s d pracaujm v`s`aj ac tfe Ujus Hujmus  Hujmus  wfase ajly equdl `j hamerj t`hes `s Kujg's iaj`uji``a iaj`uji``a   v`s`aj. @j  Hehar`es, Mredhs, Mredhs, ^ ^ecleit`ajs ecleit`ajs   Kujg mesir`nes f`s exper`ejie ac tfe iaj`uji``a iaj`uji``a   mur`jg iajvdlesiejie crah d grdve `lljess `j 40==;

@Lvirytf`jg ¿raujm he seehem ejifdjtem. Dt tf`s faur ac tfe j`gft tfe jurse  nra ugf t he sah e c aam sf e f dm wdr hem - c ar ajl y t fej wds 4 dnle ta tdoe

‚Hdtfitv trdh . @fr Odnndldf Ujve`lem, p. 997  

 

 

C@GU^E 6-5 ]fe Jew Kerusdleh ds d Iaj`ujit`u Iaj`ujit`u ac  ac Yal djm Lujd (]fe Ila`sters Dpaidlypse, cal. 93. Jew 93. Jew Paro, tfe Hetrapal`tdj Huseuh ac Drt.)

djy, djm @ dte w`tf dppet`te. Car d t`he `t seehem ta he tfdt sfe wds dj alm Kew`sf wahdj, huif almer tfdj sfe ditudlly wds, djm tfdt sfe wds prepdr`jg r`tudl oasfer m`sfes car he. Wfej @ laaoem dt fer, sfe seehem ta fdve d nlue fdla draujm fer fedm. @ hyselc wds, sa `t seehem, `j tfe Rdrmes ^`hhaj`h, tfe gdrmej ac  pah egr djd tes , djm tfe wem m`j g ac ]`c ere tf w`t f Hdli fu tf wds tdo `j g pld ie. Ar els e @ wds ^dnn` Y`haj nej Kaifd`. wfase wemm`jg `j tfe dcterl`ce wds ne`jg ielenrdtem. @t wds tfe hyst`i hdrr`dge ds `t dppedrs `j tfe Idnndl`st`i trdm`t`aj. 4 idjjat tell

yau faw wajmercul `t wds. @ iaulm ajly tf`jo iajt`judlly, “Jaw tf`s `s tfe gdrmej ac  pah egr djd tes ! Jaw tf`s tf `s `s tfe tf e hdr r`dge r` dge ac Hdl Hdlifu ifu tf w`t f ]`c ere tf !“ @ ma jat ojaw oja w exditly wfdt pdrt @ pldyem `j `t. Dt nattah `t wds @ hyselc; @ wds tfe hdrr`dge. Djm hy nedt`tume wds tfdt ac d nl`sscul wemm`jg. Grdmudlly tfe gdrmej ac pahegrdjdtes cdmem dwdy djm ifdjgem. ]fere callawem tfe Hdrr`dge ac tfe Ldhn, `j d Kerusdleh cest`vely nemeioem. @ idjjat mesir`ne wfdt `t wds l`oe `j metd`l. ]fese were `jeccdnle stdtes ac kay. Djgels were presejt, djm l`gft. 4 hyselc wds tfe “Hdrr`dge ac tfe Ldhn.   ]fdt, taa, vdj`sfem, djm tfere idhe d jew `hdge, tfe ldst v`s`aj. @ wdloem up d w`me vdlley ta tfe ejm, wfere d gejtle ifd`j ac f`lls negdj. ]fe vdlley ejmem `j d ildss`idl dhpf`tfedter. @t wds hdgj`c`iejtly s`tudtem `j tfe greej ldjmsidpe. Djm tfere, `j tf`s tfedter, tfe f`erasgdhas f`erasgdhas   wds ne`jg ielenrdtem. Hej djm wahej mdjiers idhe ajstdge, djm upaj d clawer-meioem iauif

 

Dll-cdtfer [eus djm Ferd iajsuhhdtem tfe hyst`i hdrr`dge, ds `t `s mesir`nem `j tfe  @l`dm.  @l`dm.   Dll tfese exper`ejies were glar`aus. J`gft dcter j`gft @ cladtem `j d stdte ac pur ac pur est nl` ss, “tfrajgem raujm w`tf `hdges ac dll iredt`aj ."'7 

]fdt wf`if gaes ny tfe jdhe ac lave `s cujmdhejtdl ta tfe pfejahejalagy ac tfe iaj`ujit`a. Lave iaj`ujit`a.  Lave `s natf `ts iduse djm ecceit. ]fe lesser iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   mer`ves crah lave

ds iajiup`siejie, wfereds trdjspersajdl lave (djdlagaus ta Rldta‑s Fedvejly Dpfram`te) natf gejerdtes djm `s gejerdtem ny tfe gredter iaj`ujit`a; iaj`ujit`a; @t  @t fds neej sd`m truly tfdt ankeit lave `s tfe extrdvertem dspeit ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. Ankeit lave `s ankeit`ve lave, d lave purgem ac persajdl mes`rausjess, jat aje s`me ac d pd`r ac appas`tes, nut rdtfer neyajm tfe appas`tes. ]f`s trdjspersajdl lave `s dt tfe raat ac dll graup djm sai`dl laydlt`es suif ds dlleg`djie ta cdh`ly, pdrty, jdt`aj, ifurif, djm fuhdj`ty `tselc. ]fe extrdvertem dspeit ac tfe iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   prahates sai`dl `jterest djm tfe uj`ty ac tfe fuhdj rdie? tfe `jtravertem dspeit prahates iajjeit`aj w`tf tfe Yelc djm tfe uj`ty ac tfe `jm`v`mudl psyife. ]fdt wf`if falms tf`jgs tagetfer `s dmfes`ve,

tfus, `j dlifehy, “glue,‘ “guh,‘ djm “res`j‘ dre syjajyhs car tfe trdjscarh`jg sunstdjie. “]f`s sunstdjie, ds tfe l`ce carie (v`s dj`hdjs), `s l`oejem ny djatfer iahhejtdtar ta tfe ‚glue ac tfe warlm‑ (glut`juh hujm`)  hujm`)  wf`if `s tfe hem`uh 46  netwe  ne tweej ej h`jm h`j m d jm na namy my djm tf tfee uuj`a j`a j a c n atf.‘ atf .‘   Neg`jj`jg w`tf Rldta‑s Yyhpas`uh, Yyhpas`uh,   sahe ac tfe warlm‑s hast `jsp`rem texts nedr w`tjess ta tfe trdjspersajdl trdjspersajdl iashagaj`i lave. Luiret`us ex presses tfe pdgdj ceel`jg `j tfe neg`jj`jg l`jes ac  Me ^eruh Jdturd;  Jdturd;  Hatfer ac ^ahe, mel`gft ac Gams djm hej, Medr Sejus tfdt nejedtf tfe gl`m`jg stdrs Hdoest ta teeh tfe hdjy-vaydgem hd`j Djm cru`tcul ldjmscar dll ac l`v`jg tf`jgs ]fraugf tfee dlaje dre everhare iajie`vem, ]fraugf tfee dre r`sej ta v`s`t tfe gredt suj ”   Necare tfee. Gammess, djm tfy iah`jg aj, Clee starhy w`jm djm hdssy ilaum dwdy, Car tfee tfe mdemdl Edrtf nedrs siejtem clawers, Car tfee tfe wdters ac tfe ujvexem meep Yh`le, djm tfe fallaws ac tfe s 3reje soy Glaw w`tf m`ccusem rdm`djie car tfee! Car taaj ds iahes tfe spr`jgt`he cdie ac mdy, Djm prairedjt gdles nlaw crah tfe West ujndrrem.

  4>. pdr. >20  >20   ▢Kujg.  Hehar`es, Mredht.  ^ecleit`aj  ^ecleit`ajs, s,   p. p. >0= . '•K ujg .  Rsyifalagy djm Dlifehy. IW  4>.

 

C`rst cawls ac d`r, sh`t ta tfe fedrt ny tfee. Caretaoej tfy dppradif, A tfau M`v`je, Djm ledp tfe w`lm ferms raujm tfe fdppy c`elms Ar sw`h tfe  nau jm `jg tar rej ts . ]f us dhd `j . Ye`zem w`tf tfe spell, dll iredtures callaw tfee Wf`tfersaever tfau wdloest cartf ta ledm, Djm tfejie tfraugf seds djm haujtd`js djm sw`ct stredhs, ]fraugf ledcy fahes ac n`rms djm greej`jg pld`js, O`jml`jg tfe lure ac lave `j every nredst, ]fau nr`jgest tfe eterjdl gejerdt`ajs cartf,

O`jm dcter o`jm. Y`jie ‑t`s tfau dlaje Gu`mest tfe  Iashas .40  ]fe ildss`i mesir`pt`aj ac trdjspersajdl lave car aur erd `s tfdt ac tfe Dpastle Rdul; @c @ spedo `j tfe tajgues ac hej djm ac djgels, nut fdve jat lave, @ dh d ja`sy gajg ar d ildjg`jg iyhndl. Djm `c @ fdve prapfet`i pawers, djm ujmerstdjm dll hyster`es djm dll ojawlemge, djm `c @ fdve dll cd`tf, sa ds ta rehave haujtd`js, nut fdve jat lave, 4 dh jatf`jg. @c @ g`ve dwdy dll @ fdve, djm `c @ mel`ver hy namy ta ne nurjem, nut fdve jat lave, @ gd`j jatf`jg. Lave `s pdt`ejt djm o`jm? lave `s jat kedlaus ar nadstcul? `t `s jat drragdjt ar rume. Lave maes jat `js`st aj `ts awj wdy? `t `s jat `rr`tdnle ar resejtcul? `t maes jat reka`ie dt wrajg, nut reka`ies `j tfe r`gft. Lave nedrs dll tf`jgs, nel`eves dll tf`jgs, fapes dll tf`jgs, ejmures dll tf`jgs. (4 Iar. 49;4-7. ^YS)

Mdjte iajt`jues tfe test`hajy `j tfe mesir`pt`aj ac f`s v`s`aj ac eterjdl l`gft, wf`if iajilumes ]fe M`v`je Iahemy (see Iahemy (see c`gures 6-3 djm 6-7); @ sdw tfdt `j `ts meptfs tfere dre ejilasem. Naujm up w`tf lave `j aje eterjdl naao, ]fe sidtterem ledves ac dll tfe uj`verse ”   Yunstdjie, djm dii`mejts, djm tfe`r reldt`ajs. Ds tfaugf tagetfer cusem `j suif d wdy ]fdt wfdt @ spedo ac `s d s`jgle l`gft.

2   L`gft Eterjdl, `j ]fyselc iajtd`jem! ]fau ajly ojaw‑st ]fyselc, djm `j ]fyselc Natf ojawj djm ojaw`jg, sh`lest aj ]fyselc! ]fdt very i`rile wf`if dppedrem `j ]fee, Iajie`vem ds nut recleit`aj ac d l`gft. Wfej @ fdm gdzem aj `t dwf`le, jaw seehem ]a nedr tfe `hdge ac d fuhdj cdie W`tf`j `tselc, ac `ts awj ialar`jg ”   Wferecare hy s`gft wds wfally c`xem aj `t. L`oe d geaheter, wfa w`ll dttehpt W`tf dll f`s pawer djm h`jm ta squdre tfe i`rile.

Luiret`us, Ac tfe Jdture ac ]f`jgs.  ]f`jgs.  RR 9c.  

 

 

C@GU^E 6-3  ]fe Fedvejly ^ase (Marà,  @llustrdt`ajs Kar Mdjte Mdjte's 's M`v`je I Iahemy.) ahemy.)

Pet idjjat c`jm tfe pr`ji`ple fe jeems; Kust 42 wds @. dt tfdt pfejahejaj. @   w`sfem ta see faw `hdge ka`jem ta r`jg, Djm faw tfe aje caujm pldie w`tf`j tfe atfer. ]aa ceenle car suif cl`gfts were hy awj w`jgs? Nut ny d l`gftj`jg cldsf hy h`jm wds struio  ”   Djm tfus idhe tfe culc`lhejt ac hy w`sf. Hy pawer jaw cd`lem tfdt pfdjtdsy sunl`he; Hy w`ll djm hy mes`re were natf revalvem. Ds `s d wfeel `j evej hat`aj mr`vej, Ny Lave, wf`if haves tfe suj djm atfer stdrs .>2 

]free iejtur`es ldter idhe Yfdoespedre‑s peerless mesir`pt`aj `j Yajjet 443;

ZAhO. ]fe M`v`je

Iahem v  `rd¿, ` m:

'  ' '

rd j

*

Ldwri

"‚* Grdjt Wf`te, p. | 66 .

 

 

C@GU^E 6-7 Ytdr ]rd`ls Draujm tfe Rale (Rfata Peroes Anservdtary. ^epr`jtem `j Jeely,  D  Rr`her car Ytdr-Gd Ytdr-Gdzers.) zers.)  

Let he jat ta tfe hdrr`dge ac true h`jms Dmh`t `hpem`hejts? lave `s jat lave Wf`if dlters wfej `t dlterdt`aj c`jms. Ar nejms w`tf tfe rehaver ta rehave. Af, ja, `t `s dj ever-c`xem hdro. ]fdt laaos aj tehpests djm `s jever sfdoej? @t `s tfe stdr ta every wdjm‑r`jg ndro.   Wfase wartf's ujojawj, dltfaugf f`s fe`gft ne tdoej.

Lave‑s jat ]`he‑s caal, tfaugf rasy l`ps djm ifeios W`tf`j f`s nejm`jg s`iole‑s iahpdss iahe?   Lave dlters jat w`tf f`s nr`ec faurs djm weeos. Nut nedrs `t aut evej ta tfe emge ac Maah. @c tf`s ne errar, djm upaj he pravem. 4 jever wr`t, jar ja hdj ever lavem. Kujg mesir`nes f`s exper`ejie ac trdjspersajdl lave `j tfese warms; Eras `s d oashagajas, oashagajas,   d iredtar djm cdtfer hatfer ac dll f`gfer iajsi`ausjess. 4 sahet`hes ceel tfdt Rdul‑s warms”“]faugf @ spedo w`tf tfe tajgues ac hej djm ac djgels, djm fdve jat lave" ” h`gft h `gft well ne tfe c`rst iajm`t`aj

 

ac dll iagj`t`aj djm tfe qu`jtessejie ac m`v`j`ty `tselc. Wfdtever tfe ledrjem `jterpretdt`aj hdy ne ac tfe sejtejie "Gam `s Lave," tfe warm* dcc`rh tfe iahplex`a appas`taruh ac appas`taruh ac tfe Gamfedm. @j hy hem`idl exper`ejie ds well ds `j hy awj l`ce @ fdve dgd`j djm dgd`j neej cdiem w`tf tfe hystery ac lave, djm fdve jever neej dnle ta expld`j wfdt `t `s QQQQQQ Car we dre `j tfe meepest sejse tfe v`it`hs djm tfe `jstruhejts ac iashagaj`i “lave.‘ @ put tfe warm `j quatdt`aj hdros ta `jm`idte tfdt @ ma jat use `t `j `ts iajjatdt`ajs ac mes`r`jg,  pre cer r` jg, cdv ar` jg, w`s f`j g, djm s`h `ld r cee l`j gs, nu t ds sah et f`j g sup er` ar ta tfe `jm`v`mudl, d uj`c`em djm ujm`v`mem wfale. Ne`jg d pdrt, hdj idjjat grdsp tfe wfale. Fe `s dt `ts heriy. Fe hdy dssejt ta `t, ar renel dgd`jst `t? nut fe `s dlwdys idugft up ny `t djm ejilasem w`tf`j `t. Fe `s mepejmejt upaj `t djm `s sustd`jem ny `t. Lave `s f`s l`gft djm f`s mdrojess, wfase ejm fe idjjat see.

“Lave iedses jat‘”wfetfer fe spedos w`tf tfe “tajgues ac djgels,‘ ar w`tf si`ejt`c`i exdit`tume trdies tfe l`ce ac tfe iell mawj ta `ts utterhast saurie. Hdj idj try ta jdhe lave, sfawer`jg upaj `t dll tfe jdhes dt f`s iahhdjm, djm st`ll fe w`ll `jvalve f`hselc `j ejmless selc- meiept`ajs. @c fe passesses d grd`j ac w`smah, fe w`ll ldy mawj f`s drhs djm jdhe tfe ujojawj ny tfe hare ujojawj, `gjaluhper `gjat`us ” tfdt t fdt `s, ny tfe jdhe ac Gam. ]fdt `s d iajcess`aj ac f`s sunkeit`aj, f`s `hperceit`aj, djm f`s mepejmejie? nut dt tfe sdhe t`he d test`hajy ta f`s creemah ta ifaase netweej trutf djm errar .>4  ****

]fe Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje, ajie iredtem, fds tfe pawer ta trdjscarh ndse hdtter `jta janle. ]f`s pawer `s recerrem ta `j tfe texts ny tfe aperdt`ajs ac  pra`eit`a  pra`eit`a   djm hult`pl`idt`a   (ar dughejtdt`a). hult`pl`idt`a dughejtdt`a).   Ytr`itly spedo`jg, tfese aperdt`ajs dre percarhem jat  ny tf e dli feh `s t, nu t ny tf e ldp `s . ]fe se sa -id lle m ape rdt `aj s dre tf us red lly

 pra per t`es t` es ac tfe tf e Rf` las apf ers ‑ Yta je, wf` if, ds d paw mer ar l`q u`m u` m (el `x`r) `x `r) ,  pra kei ts `tsel `t sel c u paj nds e hdt ter djm tfere tf ere ny hult` hu lt` pl` es `t `tsel sel c. D t ext sdy s; “Dl “Dlif` if` hy `s d Yi`ejie, tedif`jg faw ta trdjscarhe djy o`jm ac hetdll `jta djatfer; djm tfdt

 ny d prape pr ape r hem `i `je , ds `t dpp edretf edr etf ny hdj y Rf` las apf ers ‑ Naa oes . Dli f`hy f` hy tferecare `s d si`ejie tedif`jg faw ta hdoe djm iahpaujm d iertd`je hem`i`je, wf`if `s idllem  El`xer,  El`xer,   tfe wf`if wfej `t `s idst upaj hetdlls ar `hperceit nam`es, matf cully perceit tfeh `j tfe ver`e prakeit`aj .‘>>  ]fe Ytaje‑s pawer ac hult`pl`idt`a hult`pl`idt`a   `s reh`j`siejt ac tfe w`maw‑s iruse ac a`l (4 O`jgs 47;4=), tfe h`rdile ac tfe ladves djm c`sfes (Hdtt. 4=;47 >4). djm tfe  pre v`a usl y qu ate m h`r diu lau s hul t` pl` idt `aj ac cla w ers mu r`j g tf e iaj`ujit`a iaj`ujit`a   ac [eus djm Ferd. ]fe psyifalag`idl `hpl`idt`ajs ac hult`pl`idt`a hult`pl`idt`a   dre very `jterest`jg. ]fe `hdge suggests tfdt trdjscarhdt`ve ecceits ehdjdte crah tfe dit`vdtem Yelc `j praiess ac iajsi`aus redl`zdt`aj. Iertd`jly `t `s true tfdt dll evejts, ja hdtter faw arm`jdry, tdoe aj `hpart wfej tfey pdrt`i`pdte `j ¿Kujg. Hehar`es. Mredht. ^ecleit`ajs,  p. 95Kc ¿Tuatem ny ^edm. Rrelume `a Ifeh`stry,   p. >=.  

 

tfe praiess ac `jm`v`mudt`aj. Dlsa, hult`pl`idt`a hult`pl`idt`a   g`ves us d f`jt ds ta faw  ps yifa tf erd py hdy war o. ]a sah e ext ejt , tfe iaj si` aus jes s ac dj `j m`v `mu dl wfa `s reldtem ta tfe Yelc seehs ta ne iajtdg`aus djm tejms ta hult`ply `tselc `j atfers. ]fe / If`jg  spedos   spedos ac suif d pfejahejaj; Iajtehpldt`aj ac tfe m`v`je hedj`jg ujmerly`jg tfe waro`jgs ac tfe uj`verse g`ves ta tfe hdj wfa `s idllem upaj ta `jcluejie atfers tfe hedjs ac  pr amu i`j g l`o e ec cei ts. ]f` s req u` res tf dt paw er `j `j jer iaj iej tr dt` aj wf` if rel`g`aus iajtehpldt`aj mevelaps `j gredt hej strajg `j cd`tf. @t ejdnles tfeh ta dpprefejm tfe hyster`aus djm m`v`je ldws ac l`ce, djm ny hedjs ac  pr aca uj mes t `j jer iaj iej tr dt` aj tfe y g`v e exp res s` aj ta tf ese ldws `j tf e`r awj persajs. ]fus d f`mmej sp`r`tudl pawer ehdjdtes crah tfeh, `jclueji`jg djm mah`jdt`jg atfers w`tfaut tfe`r ne`jg dwdre ac faw `t fdppejs (Yee c`gure 6- 6).>9  Fawever, car tfe pdt`ejt ta ne `jcluejiem ny tfe psyifatferdpeut`i praiess, tfe ega hust ne apej. ]f`s iarrespajms ta tfe dlifeh`idl `med tfdt tfe hdter`dl

hust ne apej ta reie`ve tfe ecceits ac tfe t`jiture. Rdrdielsus sdys, “Car `c tfe t`jiture `s ta t`jge, `t `s jeiessdry tfdt tfe namy ar hdter`dl wf`if `s ta ne t`jgem sfaulm ne apej, djm `j d stdte ac clux; car ujless tf`s were sa, tfe t`jiture iaulm jat aperdte .‘>=  @j psyifatferdpy, apejjess (ta tfe ankeit`ve psyife) `s requ`rem

ac natf pdt`ejt djm tferdp`st. Kujg sdys; “]fe persajdl`t`es ac maitar djm pdt`ejt dre actej `jc`j`tely hare `hpartdjt car tfe autiahe ac tfe tredthejt tfdj wfdt tfe maitar sdys djm tf`jos QQQQQQ QQQQQQQ Q Car twa persajdl`t`es ta heet `s l`oe h`x`jg twa m`ccerejt ifeh`idl sunstdjies; `c tfere `s djy iahn`jdt`aj dt dll, natf dre trdjscarhem. @j djy ecceit`ve psyifalag`idl tredthejt tfe maitar `s naujm ta `jcluejie tfe pdt`ejt? nut tf`s `jcluejie idj ajly tdoe pldie `c tfe pdt`ejt fds d rei`praidl `jcluejie aj tfe maitar. Pau idj exert ja `jcluejie `c yau dre j at susiept`nle ta `jcluejie .">5  Djatfer cedture ac tfe Rf`lasapfers' Ytaje `s `ts tejmejiy ta rei`praidl dit`aj. ]f`s `med dppedrem `j tfe mredh ac d hdj, wfa, tfe j`gft necare, fdm fedrm d leiture aj dlifehy. Fe mredhem tfdt d graup ac peaple fdm m`siaverem tfe dlifeh`sts' seiret. Aje dspeit ac tfdt seiret wds tfdt wfej dlifeh`idl stum`es dre ujmertdoej w`tf tfe r`gft dtt`tume d rei`prai`ty ac `jterest `s evaoem? tfdt `s. wfej tfe dmept tdoes dj `jterest `j dlifehy, dlifehy ldoes dj `jterest `j f`h.

L`oew`se, dj dlifeh`idl text sdys; “Ujmerstdjm ye Yajs ac W`smah, tfe Ytaje meildres; Rrateit he, djm 4 w`ll prateit tfee? g`ve he hy awj.

•"W`lfelh (rdjs.. ]fe t If`jg ar Naao •:/ Ifdjge ¿.  p.   H

Rdrdiilsus, Ferhet`i djm Dlifeh`idl Wr`t`jg * /. 455-  

¿Kujg. ]fe Rrdit`ie ac Rsyifatferdpy. IW   43. pdr. 439.  

 

 

C@GU^E 6 6 afy d* d Hdjmdld. Evejts `j tfe L`ce ac Ap`i`jus me Idj`str`s DrDutan`agrdpZ.ZZ crah fl g  Iajiept`aj aj Hdrif >=, 4>03, ta Iahplet`aj Z("urdw`jg aj Kuje 9, 4993. (N`nl`ateid Dpastùl`id Sdt`idjd, HY. Rdl. ldt. 4009, (jl Fr. ^epr`jtem `j Evdjs,  Hem `ev dl Mrd w`jg s.)  

 

tfdt @ hdy felp tfee.‘ >3  ]fe sdhe `med `s expressem `j Rraverns iajierj`jg w`smah; “Carsdoe fer jat, djm sfe sfdll preserve tfee? lave fer djm sfe sfdll oeep tfee. W`smah `s tfe pr`ji`ple tf`jg? tferecare get w`smah; djm w`tf dll tfy gett`jg get ujmerstdjm`jg. Exdlt fer, djm sfe sfdll prahate tfee; sfe sfdll nr`jg tfee ta fajar, wfej tfau mast ehnrdie fer" (Rrav. =;3-6, DS).

Curtfer mesir`pt`aj ac tfe hdrvelaus pawers ac tfe Rf`lasapfer Rf`lasapfers‑ s‑ Ytaje iaulm iajt`jue dlhast `jmec`j`tely `jmec`j`tely.. >7   ]fe rei`praidl dit`aj ac tfe Ytaje `s d su`tdnle stapp`jg pldie neiduse `t `s d reh`jmer tfdt pdy`jg dttejt`aj ta tfe `hdgery ac tfe ankeit`ve psyife (suif ds dlifehy) gejerdtes dusp`i`aus rei`praidl ecceits. ]fe psyifalag`idl rule `s; tfe ujiajsi`aus tdoes tfe sdhe dtt`tume tawdrm tfe ega ds tfe ega tdoes tawdrm `t. @c aje  pd ys cr` ejm ly dtt ejt `aj `a j ta tfe ujiaj uj iaj si `au s `t nei ahe s fel pc ul ta tfe ega . Grdmudlly tfe redl`zdt`aj mdwjs tfdt d hutudl apus apus   `s ne`jg percarhem. ]fe ega jeems tfe gu`mdjie djm m`reit`aj ac tfe ujiajsi`aus ta fdve d

hedj`jgcul l`ce? djm tfe ldtejt Rf`lasapfers‑ Ytaje, `hpr`sajem `j tfe  pr`hd hdter`d, jeems tfe mevatem eccarts ac tfe iajsi`aus ega ta iahe `jta

ditudl`ty. ]agetfer tfey waro aj tfe Gredt Hdg`stry ta iredte hare djm hare iajsi`ausjess `j tfe uj`verse. ****

@j iajilus`aj, @ sfdll g`ve tfe c`jdl warm ta tfe dlifeh`sts ny quat`jg `j tata,   tfe`r hast sdirem text, ]fe Eherdlm ]dnlet ac Ferhes.  tata, Ferhes.   @t wds v`ewem “ds d o`jm ac superjdturdl reveldt`aj ta tfe ‚sajs ac Ferhes‑ ny tfe  pdt raj ac tfe`r ‚M`v`je Drt.‑ ‘ >6  Diiarm`jg ta legejm, tfe ar`g`jdl  Eherd  Eherdlm lm ]dnlet   wds caujm `j tfe tahn ac Ferhes ]r`sheg`stus e`tfer ny Dlexdjmer tfe Gredt ar, `j djatfer vers`aj, ny Ydrdf tfe w`ce ac Dnrdfdh. @t wds dt c`rst ojawj ajly `j Ldt`j, nut `j 40>9 Falhydrm m`siaverem dj Drdn`i vers`aj. >0   @t `s l`oely tfdt dj edrl`er text wds `j Greeo djm, diiarm`jg ta Kujg, wds ac 92

Dlexdjmr`dj ar`g`j.   ]fe dlifeh`sts tredtem `t w`tf uj`que vejerdt`aj, ejgrdv`jg `ts stdtehejts stdtehejts aj tfe`r ldnardtary wdll wdllss djm q uat`jg `t iajstdjtly `j tfe`r waros. @t `s tfe irypt`i ep`tahe ac tfe dlifeh`idl apus, apus,   d rei`pe car 9` tfe seiajm iredt`aj ac tfe warlm, tfe ujus hujmus.  

¿•]fe Galmej ]redt`se ac Ferhes." `j Dtwaam.  Ferhet`i Rf`lasapfy djm Dlifehy.    p. 4>6 .

c‑Car curtfer hdter` dl see Em`jger.  Ega djm Drifetype. if. Drifetype.  if. 42. ¿^edm.  Rrelume ta Ifeh`stry,  pp. 5@c.  5@c.   H

Falhydrm. Dlifehy, Falhydrm.  Dlifehy,   p. 03.

"•Kujg.  Hyster`uh Iaj`ujit`aj`s. IW  4=. IW  4=. pdr. 4>.  

 

] DNULD Y HD^DGM@JD F E^ HE]@Y  

4.   Seruh, s`je hejmdi`a, iertuh et ver`ss`huh. >.   Tuam est `jcer`us, est s`iut quam est super`us, et quam est super`us, est

s`iut quam est `jcer`us, dm perpetrdjmd h`rdiuld h`rdiuld re` uj`us. 9.   Et s`iut ahjes res cuerujt dn uja, hem`tdt`aje uj`us; s`i ahjes res jdtde cuerujt dn fdi ujd re, dmdptdt`aje. =.   Rdter e`us est Yal, hdter e`us Lujd? partdv`t `llum vejtus `j vejtre sua? jutr`x e`us terrd est. 5.   Rdter ahj`s telesh` tat`us hujm` est f`e. 3.   S`s e`us `jtegrd est, s` versd cuer`t `j terrdh. 7.   Yepdrdn`s terrdh dn `gje, sunt`le d sp`ssa, sudv`ter, iuh hdgja `jgej`a. 6.   Dsiejm`t d terrd `j iaeluh, `jteruhque mesiejm`t `j terrdh, et rei`p`t

v`h super`aruh et `jcer`aruh. Y`i fdnen`s glar`dh tat`us hujm`. @mea cug`dt d te ahj`s ansiur`tds. 0.   F`e est tat`us cart`tum`j`s cart`tuma cart`s? qu`d v`jiet ahjeh sunt`leh, ahjehque sal`mdh pejetrdn`t. 42.   Y`i hujmus iredtus est. 44.   F`ji dmdptdt`ajes erujt h`rdn`les, qudruh hamus est f`e. 4>.   ltdque vaidtus suh FE^HEY tr`sheg`stus, fdnejs tres pdrtes Rf`lasapf`de tat`us hujm`. 49.   Iahpletuh est quam m`x` me aperdt`aje Yal`s. ] FE E HE^DLM ] DNLE]

AC

F E^HEY 

4.   ]ruly, w`tfaut meiept`aj, iertd`j djm hast true. >.   Wfdt `s nelaw `s l`oe tfdt wf`if `s dnave, djm wfdt `s dnave `s l`oe tfdt wf`if `s nelaw, ta diiahpl`sf tfe h`rdiles ac tfe aje tf`jg. 9.   Djm ds dll tf`jgs praieemem crah aje, tfraugf hem`dt`aj ac tfe aje, sa dll tf`jgs idhe crah tf`s aje tf`jg tfraugf dmdptdt`aj. =.   @ts cdtfer `s tfe suj? `ts hatfer tfe haaj? tfe w`jm fds idrr`em `t `j `ts  nel ly? `ts jur se `s tfe tf e e drt f. 5.   ]f`s `s tfe cdtfer ac dll, tfe iahplet`aj ac tfe wfale warlm. 3.   @ts strejgtf `s iahplete `c `t ne turjem `jta (ar tawdrm) edrtf. 7.   Yepdrdte tfe edrtf crah tfe c`re, tfe suntle crah tfe mejse, gejtly, w`tf gredt `jgeju`ty. 6.   @t dsiejms crah tfe edrtf ta tfe fedvej, djm mesiejms dgd`j ta tfe edrtf, djm reie`ves tfe pawer ac tfe dnave djm tfe nelaw. ]fus yau w`ll fdve tfe glary ac tfe wfale warlm. ]ferecare dll mdrojess w`ll clee crah yau. 0 Fere `s tfe strajg pawer ac tfe wfale strejgtf? car `t averiahes every suntle tf`jg djm pejetrdte pejetrdtess every sal`m.

  

42 .  ]fus tfe warlm fds neej iredtem. 44 .  Crah fere w`ll iahe tfe hdrvelaus dmdptdt`ajs, wfase hdjjer tf`s `s. 4> .  Ya @ dh idllem FE^HEY  ]^@YHEG@Y]UY ,   fdv`jg tfe tfree pdrts ac tfe  pf` las apf y a c t fe wfa le war lm. 49 .  Wfdt @ fdve sd`m dnaut tfe aperdt`aj ac tfe suj `s c`j`sfem .9> 

,>

]fe Ldt`j text `s tdoej crah Kujg.  E.].F. Yeh`jdrs; Dlifehy,  Dlifehy,   pp. 55c. ]fe Ejgl`sf rdjsldt`aj `s tdoej crah tfe sdhe saurie w`tf sl`gft ifdjges ny iahpdr`saj w`tf atfer ers`ajs. @j tfese jates Kujg g`ves d nr`ec psyifalag`idl iahhejtdry aj tfe  Eherdlm ]dnlet.  ]dnlet.