Atomic Absorption Spectrometer - Australia Innovates - Powerhouse Museum

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10/08/2020

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer - Australia Innovates - Powerhouse Museum

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Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

1962 instrument for analysing metals in samples When a metal is heated in a flame it emits specific frequencies of light - like a signature. Scientific instruments called spectrometers detect the presence of metals in samples by detecting these signatures. Alan Walsh was a CSIRO scientist who improved on spectrometers. He knew that metals that have been heated also absorb

The atomic absorption spectrometer, the most important scientific instrument ever developed in Australia. Courtesy Varian Australia Pty Ltd.

the same 'signature' frequencies of light that they emit. One day while gardening, he realised that, by shooting a measured beam of light at the correct frequency into a heated sample, he could measure the amount absorbed on the way through. So, instead of just detecting which metal was in a sample, he could get a precise measurement of how much. Walsh built the first atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) in 1954. The first ones were used to solve some important problems in medical treatment, agriculture and mining.

Alan Walsh (left), John Willis (centre) and John Sullivan (right) with a spectrometer. Courtesy CSIRO Division of Materials Science and Technology.

Several overseas companies bought licences from the CSIRO to make the instrument, as did one Australian company, Techtron. In the 1960s there was intense competition among the licensees to improve the design of the AAS to make it suitable for routine analyses. Techtron couldn't get the funds to go on upgrading its designs. Eventually the international firm Varian and Associates bought the company out, but continued production in Melbourne.

Different metals produce different coloured flames. Courtesy Powerhouse Museum. Photo Jane Townsend.

The AAS is one of the most important scientific instruments developed in this century. It's a crucial tool for chemical analysis today, and Varian Techtron continues to make and sell the instruments in many markets. Walsh was recognised around the world, he was made a knight in 1977 and was honoured with medals and awards from 26 science and education institutions. Who Did It? Key Organisations Varian Australia Pty Ltd : manufacture CSIRO Division of Chemical Physics : research and development Key People Alan Walsh : researcher, inventor John Willis : developed applications Further Reading 'Walsh and the atomic absorption spectrometer' John Willis Australian Science Mag, 1987 (3). Links

Information from Victoria University, NZ Related Innovations

Flame Ionisation Detector

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Atomic Absorption Spectrometer - Australia Innovates - Powerhouse Museum

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