anacardiaceae - key to the genera

SAVE OFFLINE

A Key to the Genera of the Anacardiaceae Fred A. Barkley American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 28, No. 2. (Sep., 1942), pp. 465-474. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28194209%2928%3A2%3C465%3AAKTTGO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Z American Midland Naturalist is currently published by The University of Notre Dame.

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/notredame.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission.

The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

http://www.jstor.org Thu Dec 13 11:24:36 2007

A Key t o the Genera of the Anacardiaceae Fred A. Barkley

Since the publication of the key to the genera of the Anacardiaceae by Engler in Engler & Prantl's Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 ( 5 ) :138-178 in 1892 there seems to have been no publication of such a key. Although the writer is in the early stages of a study of the family, so that such a key of necessity must be prepared from literature, it appears that the publication of a tentative key to the genera of the family would be of value. Fossil species have been published which would be ass9gned to the genera Rhus, Schmaltzia, Toxicodendron, Searsia, Pistacia, Metopium and Schinus. The following genera of fossils have been assigned to the family: Spondiocarpum Warburg 1897, Anacardiophyllum Ettingshausen 1869 (Anacardites Saporta in Heer 1861), Daphnophyllum Heer 1874, Trilobium Saporta in Heer 1861 (Heterocalyx Saporta 1873, Getonia Unger 1847), Folliculites Zenker 1833, Rhoipites Wodehouse 1933, Anacardioxylon Felix 1882, Semecarpites Fritel 1912, Teschia Reid & Reid 1915, Protamyris Unger ex Schimper 1850, Sumatroxylon Berger 1923. Since in several cases their relationship to this family is problematical and in most cases the fossils are sufficiently incomplete so that their position in the family is obscure, they have been omitted from the following key. References to the literature have been omitted since reference to de Dalla Torre & Harm's Genera Siphonogamarum, Hooker & Jackson's Index Kewenis, the Gray Card Catalogue, and the Compendium of Fossil Botany in the United States Geological Survey will give the complete references. The author is grateful to the Penrose Fund of the American Philosophical Society for grantsin-aid which have allowed for the assembling of literature for monographic studies in the Anacardiaceae which have made this key possible. Several genera variously listed as being Anacardiaceous (Rumphia Linnaeus 1753, (Tsiemtani Adans. 1763), Triceros Lour. 1790, Huertea Ruiz & Pavon 1794 (Huertia G. Don 1832), Juliania Schlechtd. 1843 (Hypopterygium Schlechtd. 1843), Blephslrocarya F. Muell. 1878, Garugandra Griseb. 1879, and Rhodosphaera Engl. 1881) have been omitted since they appear to belong to other families. The author proposes that BUCHANANIA Spreng., Schrad. Journ. 2:234. 1800, be conserved over Launzan Buch.-Ham., Asiat. Research 5 :123. 1799, since Buchanania has been the name used almost universally in monographic studies, floras and botanical indices for the genus concerned during the past century. In the three following cases disregard of the Adanson names would {Linnaeus] Rottboll., Act. Hafn. eliminate much confusion: ANACARDIUM 2:252. 1775 (Acajou [Tournefort) Adans., Fam. 2 :344. 1763); HOLIGARNA 465

Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 22: 1814 (Katoutsjeroe Adans., Fam. 2:534. 1763); ODINA Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 29. 1814 (Calesiam Adans., Fam. 2 :446. 1763). I.

O n l y one carpel, the female flower completely naked, leaves opposite, simple, E serrate. Himalayan region. ............................................................D O B E A Dobirliai

1. Carpels free or united, or if only one, then leaves simple, entire. 2. Five free carpels, or only one carpel. .................................................... MANGIFEREAE

3. Carpels usually five, usually only one fertile; drupe more or less lenticular. 4. Anthers not inflexed, stigma not sessile. Malayan region. ................Buchanania2

4. Anthers inflexed, stigma sessile. Borneo. ........................................ ndrotium3

3. Carpel one. 4. Leaves opposite; stamens the same number as petals; drupe ovoid. Malayan region. ...................................................................................... Bouea* 4. Leaves alternate. 5. Stamens in one to four cycles; drupe small, globose, on a gynophore; petals enlarged in fruit. Malayan region. ............................. Melanorrhoea5 5. Not as above. 6. Stamens five, fertile; drupe globose or ovoid. 7. Petals deciduous, not enlarging. Malayan region. ........................Cluta6

7. Petals in fruit enlarged. Malayan region. .............................Swintonia7

6. Stamens ten or five, only four to one fertile, the rest more or less abortive (seldom five fertile in Mangifera). 7. D r u p e reniform or ovoid, with soft mesocarp, a hard fibrous endocarp and only a little thickened gynophore. 8. Sepals in one whorl. East Indian and Malayan regions .....Mangifera8 8. Sepals in two whorls. W e s t Africa. ..................................Fegimanra9

7. D r u p e reniform, compressed, with a hardened fruit wall and much thickened and enlarged gynophore. Tropical America Anacardium10 2. Carpels united into a compound pistil; leaves seldom simple. 3. Carpels usually five or four, seldom more or only three; each carpel developing a cavity in fruit, which bears a single seed from its upper end ..... SPOND~EAE

...

1 Dobinea Buch.-Ham. ex D. D o n 1825 (Dobinaea Spreng. 1826). 2 Bucharlania Spreng. 1800 (Launzan Buch.-Ham. 1799, Lanzarla Stokes 1812, Cambessedea Kunth 1824, Lurldia Puer. ex d e Candolle 1825, Coniogetorl Blume 1826, Hypericinea W a l l . 1831, Larmzon Roxb. 1832, Launzea Endl. 1841, Bucharliana Pierre 1898). 3 Androtium Hooker 1905. 4 Bouea Meissn. 1837 (Manga Noronha 1790 non Mangas A d a n s 1763, Canbessedea W i g h t et A r n . 1834). 5 Melanorrhoea W a l l . 1829. 6 Cluta Linnaeus 1771 (Stagmaria Jack 1823, Syndesmis Wall., in Roxburgh 1824). 7 Swintonia Griff. 1846 (Asfropetalum Griff. 1854, Anauxar~opetalum Teijsm. et Binn. 1861). 8 Marlgifera Linnaeus 1753 (Mangas Adans. 1763, Marcharldora Pierre 1897). 9 Fegimarlra Pierre 1892. 1 0 Arlacardium [Linnaeus] Roftbiill 1775 (Acajou [Tourn.l Adans. 1763, Cassuuium Lam.. 1783, Acajuba Gaertn. 1788, Fabrenia Noronha 1790, Trima Noronha 1790, Rhinocarpus Bert. et Balb. ex Humboldt, Bonpland et Kunth 1825, Morlodynamus P o h l 1831. Anacardia St.-Lag. 1880).

4. Embryo curved, with cotyledons against the radical; style absent, stigmas sessile, subapical on each carpel. Tropical America. ....................T a p i r i r a l l 4. Embryo straight, with short straight radical. 5. Petals valvate; leaflets with a nerve around the outer edge. 6. Pistil formed from five carpels. 7. Leaves compound. 8. Radical horizontal; style short. Western Africa. ........Anfrocaryon12

8. Radical not horizontal. Tropical regions. ..........................Sporldiasi3

7. Leaves simple. Africa. ......................................................S pondiarlthusi4

6. Pistil not formed from five carpels. 7. Carpels four. A f r i c a ......................................................N othospondiasl5

7. Carpel one. East Indies. .................................................. Solenocarpusi6

5. Petals imbricate. 6. Petals valvate below, with the apex imbricate and thickened. India and the Malayan region. ...........................................Dracontomelum17 6. Petals completely imbricate in the bud. 7. Flower three-parted. West Africa. ..............................H aematostaphis18

7. Flower four to five parted. 8. Style terminal, four or five parted at the apex. 9. Sepals and petals five. Mexico. .................................... C y r t a l 9

9. Sepals and petals four. Africa. ..................................Spot1diopsis20

8. Style in the perfect flowers usually at the side of the ovary. 9. Hilum spatula shaped. Australia. .............................. P k i o g ~ l l i ~ m 2 1

9. Hilum shield shaped. 10. Sepals free. 1 1. Anthers long, basifixed. Tropical A f r i c a ......... Sclerocarya22

1 1. Anthers round, versitile. Tropical Africa ...Pseudospondias23 10. Sepals more or less united at the base. 1 1 . Corolla four parted; fruit four, or through abortioh one to three celled, one seeded; shrubs a n d trees. T r o p ical A f r i c a and the East Indies. ..........................Odina24 11 Tapirira Aubl. 1775 (Joncquetia Schreb. 1789, Jonquetia Schreb. 1789, Tapiria Juss. 1789, Salabertia Neck. 1790, Tapinia Steud. 1841). 1 2 Antrocaryon Pierre 1898. 1 3 Spondias Linnaeus 1753 (Monbin [Plum.] Adans. 1763, Euia Comm. ex Jussieu 1789, C ~ t h e r a e aChrysomelorl Forst. ex A. G r a y 1854, Warmingia Engl. 1874). 1 4 Spondiarlthus Engler 1905. 1 5 Nothosporldias Engler 1905. I 6 Solenocarpus W ~ g h t .et A r n . 1834. 1 7 Dracontomelum Blume 1850 (Comeurya Baill. 1872). 1 8 Haematosfaphis Hook. f . 1860. 1 9 C ~ r t o c a r p aHumbolt, Bonpland, et Kunth 1825 (Dasycarya Liebm. 1853). 2 0 Spondiopsis Engler 1905. 2 1 Pleiogynium Engler 1883 (Pliogynopsis Kuntze 1903). 2 2 Sclerocarya Hochst. 1844 (Sclerocarpa Sonder 1850). 2 3 Pseudospondins Engler 1883. 2 4 Odirla Roxb. 1814 (Calesiam Adans. 1763, Calesia Rafinesque 1814, Haberlia Dennst. 1818, Calesiama Rafinesque 1838, Lanrlea A. Rich. in Guillemin et Perrottet 1832, Wirtgenia Jungh. ex Hasskarl. 1844, Kol&ia Zipp. ex Blume 1850, Calesium Kuntze 1891).

1 1. Corolla five parted. 12. Stone fruit five, or through abortion three celled; five to three seeded; sepals five parted. Maritius. ...................................................................... Poupartia25

12. Fruit not five or three celled at maturity. 13. Fruit two celled at maturity; tree. South Africa. .................................................... Harpephyllum26

13. Fruit usually a one celled drupe. 14. Climbing shrub. Himalayan region ........... Pegia27

14. Tree. Malayan region. ......Koordersiodendron28

3. Carpels three (possibly only one in Pentaspadon); ovary with only one seed

bearing locule, the two other small or absent.

4. O v a r y seldom free (Glycycarpus), sun!ten in a cup shaped or tubular hollowed receptacle. ..........................................................................S EMECARPEAE 5. Styles three, apical.

6. Stigmas

globular.

7 . 0 v a r y in the pistillate flowers superior or half-inferior; petiole without side splitting. India to Australia. ........................ Semecarpus29 7. O v a r y in the pistillate flowers inferior; petiole with one to two lateral splits at the base. East Indies. ................................Holigarna30 6. Stigmas bilobed. Borneo. ......................................................M elancommia31

5. Style short, apical with three parted stigma. 6. Receptacle not enlarged in the mature fruit; corolla four-parted. East Indies. .......................................................................... Clycycarpus32 6. Receptacle not enlarged in the mature fruit; corolla five parted. 7. Receptacle shortly cup shaped, the lower part of the corolla hardly included; calyx very thickly hairy, valvate. Malacca ....Melanochyla33 7. Receptacle cup shaped; the fruit mostly enclosed; calyx wide, ovoid, imbricate. Himalayan region. ..............................Drimycarpus34 4. O v a r y and fruit free; leaves various. ..................................................RHOIDEAE

5. Flowers

with simple, h o m e ~ c h l a m ~ d iperianth c or naked.

6. O v a r y compressed; three small stigmas on the side of the upper e n d ; leaves simple. Peru. ...............................................................Haplorhus35

-2 5 Poupartia Comm. ex Jussieu 1789 ( S h a k u Boj. 1837). 2 6 Harpephyllum Bernh. ex Krauss 1844. 27 Pegia Colebr. 1827 (Robergia Roxb. 1832, Phlebochiton W a l l . 1835). 2 8 Koordersiodendron Engler in Koorders 1898. 2 9 Semecarpus Linnaeus f . 1781 (Oncocarpus A. G r a y 1854, Semecarpos St.-Lag. 1880). 3 0 Holigarna Buch.-Ham. ex Roxburgh 1814 (Katoufsjeroe Adans. 1763, Hadestaphylum Dennst. 1818, Catutsjeron Kuntze 1891). 3 1 Melancommia Ridley 1933. 3 2 Glycycarpus D a l z . 1849 (Nofhopegia Blume 1850, Glycicarpus Benth. et Hook. f. 1862). 3 3 Melanochyla Hook. f . 1876. 3 4 Drimycarpus Hook. f. 1862. 3 5 Haplorhus Engl. 1881.



6. O v a r y almost globose or shortly ovoid; style shortly three divided, three large long inverted egg-shaped stigmas. Mediterranean region, East Indies, and Mexico. ..........................................................Pisfacia36 5. Flowers with double or hetereochlamydic perianth. 6. W i t h two cycles of stamens, one fertile and one sterile; leaves imparipinnate. 7. Seed upright; stigma one, bending to one side. Sumatra ...Pentaspadon37 7. Seed suspended; stigmas globose, three parted. Malacca ...Microstemon38 6. W i t h as many, or twice as many (seldom more) stamens as petals. 7. Receptacle deeply cup shaped; petals scarcely longer and broader than the sepals; ovary iwo to three celled; leaves imparipinnate. Amazonian region. ............................................................Thyrsodium39 7. Receptacle flat or developed into a disk between the ovary and stamens; seldom hollow and rarely a gynophore present. 8. Embryo straight, with very short radical; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals; seed suspended; leaves pinnate. 9. Fruit held up by a long compressed gynophore; stamens as many as the petals. Madagascar. ...............................Faguetia40 9. Fruit a sessile drupe. 10. Calyx in fruit greatly enlarged, winged; stamens as many as the petals. Malayan region. ................................P a r i s h i a l 10. Calyx in fruit not enlarged. 1 1 . Stamens hypogynous, as many to more than twice as many as the petals. A f r i c a and South America. .......................................................................... Sorindeia42

1 1 . Stamens epipetalous, as many as the petals. Tropical Africa. ........................................................ Trichoscypha43 8. Embryo more or less bent, with the cotyledons free or laying against the radical. 9. O v a r y two to three celled. 10. T w o to three cells of the ovary with only one seed hanging from the middle of the wall; fruit one seeded; embryo with a short slightly bent radical; stamens five. I I . Leaves opposite or subopposite; calyx five parted. Madagascar and Africa. ..................................Protorhus44 I l . Leaves alternate; calyx three parted. North Africa. ........................................................................ Scassellatia45

36 Pistacia Linnaeus 1753 (Lentiscus [Tourn.l Mill. 1754, Terebinthus Mill. 1754, Eurardia Adans. 1763, Pistachia Salisb. 1796, Terminthos St.-Lag. 1881, Thermir~thos St.-Lag. 1881). 37 Penfaspadon Hook. f . 1860 (Nothoprotium Miq. 1860). 38 micro stem or^ Engler 1881. 3 9 T h y s o d i u m Salzm. ex Bentham 1852. 4 0 Faguetia Marchand 1869. 4 1 Parishia Hook. f. 1860. 4 2 Sorindeia P. Thou. 1806 (Dupuisia A. Rich. in Guillemin et Perrottet 1832, Sorindeiopsis Engl. 1905). 13Trichoscypha Hook. f. 1862 (Tricoscypha Engl. in D. C. 1883, Emiliomarcelia Th. et A. D u r . ex Chevalier 1912). 44 Protorhus E n d e r 1881 4 5 Scassellatia Chiovenda 1932.

10. O v a r y imperfectly two celled, with one fertile cell; seed hanging from the apex; embryo very curved with a long radical and the cotyledons wound about the sterile cell. East Indies, Tropical Africa and Brazil. ..Campnosperma45a

9. O v a r y one celled. 10. Embryo with free, short

01 long radical; stamens twice as many as the petals; seed suspended. 1 1 . Petals valvate, sepals truncate. New Caledonia. ............

......................................................................

Mantagueia46

1 1 . Petals imbricate, sepals not truncate. New Caledonia

and Australia. ..............................................Euroschinus47

10. T h e radical of the embryo laying against the cotyledons. 1 I . Flowers with twice as many stamens as petals. 12. Seed suspended. 13. Endocarp of the drupe thin, parchment like. Andes of South America. ......................Mauria48

13. Endocarp of the drupe bony. 14. Fruit globose. South America. ............Schinus49

14. Fluit compressed. Lower California. ............

............................................. Pachycormus50

12. Seed basal. Soufh America. ..........................L ithraea51

I I.

Flowers with as many stamens as petals. 12. Drupe compressed upwards into a wing; style lateral on the fruit. 13. T h e entire fruit wall thin, perianth five parted. South America. ............................ Loxopterygium52 13. T h e epicarp thin, endocarp thick and bony. South America. .................................. Schinopsis53 12. D r u p e not winged or with a wing all around. 13. Style or s t i ~ m alateral on the fruit. 14. Seed basal in the ovary. 15. Petals obtuse; perianth in fruit not enlarged; leaves simple; (pedicels of the sterile flowers at length becoming plumose). Asia, Europe and North America. ................................................ Cotinus54

4 5 a Campnosperma Thwait 1854 (Cyrtospermum Benth. 1852 non Cyrtosperma Griff. 1851, Drepanospermum Benth. et Hook. f . 1862). 4 6 Montagueia Baker f . 1921. 4 7 Euroschinus Hook. f. 1862. 4 8 Mauria Kunth 1824. 4 9 Schinus Linnaeus 1753 ( M o l l e [Tourn.] Adans. 1763, Duvaua Kunth 1824, Duauva Tenore 1845, Sarcotheca Turcz. 1858, Schinos St.-Lag. 1880). 5 0 Pachpcormus Coville 191 1 (Veatchia A. G r a y 1885 non Kellogg 1863). 5 1 Lithraea Miers 1826 (Litria G. D o n 1833, Lithrea Hook. 1833, Litrea Phil.

1864). 5 2 Loxopterpgium Hook. f . 1862. 5 3 Schinopsis Engl. in Mart. et Eichl. 1876 (Quebrachia Griseb. 1879). 5 4 Cotinus [Tourn.] Mill. 1754.

15. Petals acute; perianth enlarged and enclosing the fruit; leaves imparipinnate. South Africa. ............................Loxostylis55 14. Seed suspended from the top of the ovary. 15. Pedicels of the pistillate flowers finally spreading; style one; leaf simple. South Africa. ......................Laurophyllus56 15. Pedicels always thin. 16. Stigmas three, styles three; fruit with a broadly winged band. Africa. .... ........................................Smodingium57 16.Stylf one; fruit without broadly w ~ n g e dband. Madagascar. .............. ..........................................Micronychia58 13. Stigma or style more or less at the apex of the ovary. I 4 . C a l y x in fruit enlarging; layers of the fruit wall not finally separatinz. South America. ................Astronium59 14. Calyx in fruit not enlarging. 15. Layers of the fruit-wall not finally separating. 16. Endocarp thin. 17. Leaves simple. Madagascar. ................Baronia60

17. Leaves pinnate. 18. Leaves sinuate spinose. Tropical America. .................................................. C omocladia61

18. Leaves entire. W e s t Indies. ..........Metopium62

16. Endocarp thick, bony; mesocarp fleshy.

-.

17. Leaves simple. Africa. ..........................Heeria63

17. Leaves compound. W e s t Indies and Central America. ................................M o s q u i ~ l u m 6 4 15. Layers of the fruit wall finally separating in various ways; seed basal. 16. D r u p e strongly compressed; leaves im~aripinnate. 17. D r u p e reniform, margin not pilose. Mexico. ............................................Pseudosmodingium6~

17. D r u p e cordate. m a ~ g i nlong uilosz. Colombia. ..................................................Ochoterenaea66

5 5 Loxostylis Sp:eng. ex Reichenbach 1827 (Anasyllis E. Mey. in Drege 1843). 56 Laurophyllus Thunb. 1792 (Botrpceras W i l l d . 1811, Laurophillus Roem. et Schult. 1818, Daphnites Sprene;. 1825, Laurophyllum G6ppert 1853). 5 7 Smodingium E. Mey. 1843. 58 hlicronpchia Oliver 1881. 5 9 Astronium lacq. 1760 (Myracrodruon Freire Allemao ex Engl. 1881). 6 0 Baronia Bake, 1882. 6 1 Comocladia Linnaeus 1756 (Comacladia Linnaeus 1742. Dodonaea [Plum.] Adans. 1763, Brasiliastrum Lam. 1783, Brasilium J. F. Gmel. 1791). 6 2 Metopium P. Br. 1756. 6 3 Heeria .Meissn. 1837 (Roernaria Thunb. 1798 non Moench. 1794, A n a f r e n i u m A r n . in Hooker 1841, Anaphrenium E. Mey. ex Endlicher 1841). 6 4 Mosquifoxylum Krug et U r b a n 1895. 6 5 Pseudosmodinpium Engler 1881. 6 6 Ochottrenaea Barklev 1942.

16. D r u p e never so compressed as to appear winged; leaves simple, ternate or imparipinnate. 1 7 . 0 v a r y upon a gynophore formed by the disk; epicarp clothed with filiform silky hairs over three mm. long. Mexico. .......... ......................................................Aclinocheita(i7 i7. O v a r y not upon a column; epicarp when clothed with hairs, with hairs less than one and a half mm. long.

18. Drupes red, noticeably pubescent with red glandular hairs.

19. Flowers in dense terminal thyrsi, appearing after the leaves ; bracts linear lanceolate, deciduous, one subtending each flower; bracteoles absent; branches thick. Asia, Europe and North America. ..................Rhus68

19. Flowers in terminal and lateral compound spikes, appearing with or before the leaves; bracts deltoid or ovate, persistent, one bract and two bracteoles subtending each flower. North America. ................Schmaltzia69

18. Drupes white, black, or dun-colored; glabrous or sparingly pubescent, pubescence on fruit never glandular.

19. Drupes black, glabrous; exocarp and mesocarp adhering. East Indies. .... ..............................................Duckera70

19. Drupes white or dun-colored, glabrous or sparingly pubescent; mesocarp and endocarp adhering.

20. Mesocarp not waxy, but resinous; leaves usually ternate. South Africa. ................................Searsia71 20. Mesocarp waxy; leaves usually simple or pinnately compound. 21. Sterile carpels forming a line down the side of the fruit; drupe very small; mesocarp without fibers; leaves coriaceous, simple ; inflorescence a -

6 7 Actinocheita Barkley 1937.

6 8 R h u s Linnaeus 1753.

6 9 Schmallzia Desv. 1813 (Turpinia R a f . 1808 non Vent. 1803, Lobadium R a f -

inesque 1819, Stpphonia Nuttall 1838, Schmalzia Desv. 1841, Stiphonia Hemsl. 1880, Rhoeidium Greene 1905, Neostgphonia Shafer in Britton 1908). 7 0 Duckera Barkley 1942 (Duckera n. gen. = ( R h u s ) Section MELANOCARPAE Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 1:380. 1881. Named after Elizabeth Ducker Barkley). 7 1 Searsia Barkley 1942 (Searsia n. gen. = ( R h u s ) Section GERONTOCEAE Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 1 :379. 1881. Named after P a u l B. Sears).

terminal thyrsus ; innocuous evergreen shrub. California. ....................................Malosma72 2 1. Sterile carpels not detectable at maturity; drupes over 2.2 mm. i n diameter; mesocarp with "fibers"; leaves thin, ternate or imparipinnate; inflorescence a lateral pancile: poisonous, deciduous small trees, shrubs or vines. A s i a and North America. ............ ..........................Toxicodendron73 7 2 Malosirla Engler i n D.C. 1883. 7 3 Toxicodendron [ T o u r n . ] Mill. 1754 ( V e r n i x A d a n s . 1763, Rhus-Toxicodendron Marsh 1785, Pocophorum N e c k . 1790, Philostemot~ Rafinesque 1817, P h i l o s t e m m Steud. 1841). T a b l e o f S y n o n y m y and Index cf Accepted Genera (Numbers in Italics refer to footnotes). Acajou=Anacardium Acajuba=Anacardium Actinocheita 6 7 Anacardia=Anacardium Anacardiophyllum 1 Anacardioxylon 1 Anacardites=Anacardiophy!lum Anacardlum 1, 10 AnafreniumTHeeria Anaphrenium=Heeria AnasplIis=Loxostylis Anauxanopetalum~Swintonia Androtium 3 Antrocaryon 12 Astronium 5 9 Astropetalum=Swintonia Baronia 6 0 Blepharocarya 1 Botryoceras=Laurophyllus Bouea 4 Brasilias~rum=Comocladia Brasilium=Comocladia Buchanania 1, 2 Buchaniana=Buchanania Calesia=Odina Calesiam=Odina Calesiama=Odina Calesium=Odina Campnosperma 45a Cambessedea=Buchanania Cambessedea=Bouea Cassu~ium=Anacardium Catutsjeron=Holigarna

Chrpsomelon=Spondias Comacladia=Comocladia Comocladia 6 1 Coniogeton=Buchanania Cotinus 5 4 Cytheraea=Spondias Cyrtocarpa 19 Cprtospermum=Campnospermum Daphinles=Laurophyllus Daphnophyllum 1 Dasycarya=Cyrtocarpa Dobinaea=Dobinia Dobinia 1 Dodonaea=Comocladia Dracontomelum 17 Drepanospermum=Campnosperma Drimycarpus 34 Duauva=Duvaua Duckera 70 Dupuisia=Sorindeia Duvaua=Schinus Emiliomarcelia=Trichoscypha Euroschinus 47 Evia=Spondias Evrardia=Pistacia Fabrenia=Anacardium Fagnuetia 40 Fegimandra 9 Folliculites 1 Garugandra 1 Cetonia=Trilobium Gluta 6

Glpcicarpus=Glycycarpus Glycycarpus 5, 3 2 Haberlia=Odina Hadeslaphylum=Holigarna Haematostaphis 18 Haplorhus 35 Harpephyllum 26 Heeria 6 3 He~erocalpx=Trilobium Holigarna 1 , 30 Huertea 1 Huerlia=Huertea Hypericinea=Buchanania Hppopterpgium= Juliania Joncquetia=Tapirira Jonquelia=Tapirira Juliania I Katoutsjeron=Holigarna Ko/&ia=Odina Koordersiodendron 28 LanneaLOdina LanzanarBuchanania Larmzon=Buchanania LaunzanrBuchanania Launzea=Buchanania Laurophillus=Laurophyllus Laurophyllum=Laurophyllus Laurophyllus 5 6 Lentiscus=Pistacia Lithraea 5 1 Lithrea=Lithraea Litrea=Lithraea Litria=Lithraea Lobadium=Schmaltzia

Loxopterygiurn 52

Loxostylis 55

Lundia=Buchanania

Malosma 72

Manga=Bouea

MangasTMangifera

Mangifera 2, 8

MarchandoraFMangifera

Mauria 48

Melancommia 31

Melancohyla 33

Melanorrhoea 5

Metopium 1, 62

Micronychia 58

Microstemon 38

Molle=Schinus

Monbin=Spondias

Monodpnamus=Ana-

cardium

Montagueia 46

Mosquitoxylum 64

Mpracrodruon=Astronium

Neosi~phonia=Schmaltzia

Nothopegia=Glycycarpus

Nothoprotium=Penta-

spadon

Nothospondias 15

Ochoterenaea 66

O d i n a 1, 24

Oncocarpus=Semecarpus

Pachycormus 50

Parishia 41

Pegia 27

Pentaspadon 5, 37

Philostemon=Toxico-

dendron

Philostemum=Toxicodendron

Phlebochiton=Pegia

Pistachia=Pistacia

Pistacia 1, 36

Pleiogynium 21

Pocophorum=Toxico-

dendron

Poupartia 25

Protamyris 1

Protorhus 44

Pseudosmodingium 65

Pseudospondias 23

Quebrachia=Schinopsis

Rhinocarpus=Anacardium

Rhodosphaera I

Rhoeidium=Schrnaltzia

Rhoipites 1

Rhus 1, 68

Rhus-Toxicodendron=

Toxicodendron

Robergia=Pegia

Roemeria=Heeria

Rumphia 1

SalabertiarTapirira

Sarcotheca=Schinus

Scasselatia 45

Schinopsis 53

Schinos=Schinus

Schinus 1, 49

Schmaltzia 1, 69

Schmalzia=Schrnaltzia

Sclerocarpa=Sclerocarya

Sclerocarya 22

Searsia 1, 71

Semecarpites 1

Semecalpos~Semecarpus

Semecarpus 29

Sha/pazPoupartia

Smodingium 5 7

Solenocarpus I6

Sorindeia 42

Sorindeiopsis=Sorindeia

Spodias=Spondias

Spondianthus 1 4

Spondias 13

Spondiocarpum I

Spondiopsis 20

Stagmaria=Gluta

Stiphonia=Schmaltzia

Si~phonia=Schmaltzia

Sumatroxylon I

Swintonia 7

Syndesmis=Gluta

Tapinia=Tapirira

Tapirira 11

Terebinthus=Pistacia

Terminthos=Pistacia

Teschia 1

Therminthos=Pistacia

Thyrsodium 3 9

Toxicodendron 1, 73

Triceros 1

Trichoscypha 43

Tricoscgpha=Trichoscypha

Trilobium 1

Trima=Anacaardium

Tsiemtani=Rumphia

Turpinia=Schmaltzia

Veatchia=Pachycormus

Vernix=Toxicodendron

Warmingia=Spondias

WirtgeniaZOdina

Wirtgenia=Spondias